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Psicopatia e Vitimização em Autores de Violência Sexual contra Crianças e Adolescentes / Psychopathy and Victimization in Sexual Offender against Children and Adolescents.Teixeira, Julia Nunes de Souza 26 October 2017 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2017-10-26 / This dissertation is organized into two articles that aim to to understand psychopathic traits
in sex offender against children and adolescents, as well as their relationship with the experience
of victimization throughout life. The first article aims to systematically explore and
synthesize the knowledge produced about the use of Psychopathy Checklist-Revised - PCLR
in sex offender against children and adolescents. It was found a total of 19 articles through
which it was possible to verify that PCL-R, in most cases, can be considered a useful and
valid instrument to assess the psychopathy in SVA in the cultural contexts in which the
instrument was applied, as well as as to predict criminal recidivism in this specific sample.
The second article is an empirical study, whose main objective was to investigate the personality
traits of SVA through PCL-R and the victimizations suffered by them through the
Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire - JVQ. Thirty SVA, male volunteers, serving a prison
sentence in a state penitentiary in the state of Goiás, were divided into two groups: G1 AVS
considered psychopathic (PCL-R≥30 points) and G2 (SVA (PCL-R <30) not considered
psychopathics .The results indicated that 33.3% of the sample met the criteria for psychopathy
(score> 30 in PCL-R). The results showed significant differences between groups: the
younger the SVA, the greater the PCL-R score; the higher the PCL-R score, the greater the
variety of crimes committed, the greater the number of victims, the more escapes and rebellions,
the greater the number of cases responding and the longer the total time of punishment.
The results also indicated a positive correlation between the PCL-R score and G1 malpractice,
revealing that the higher the PCL-R score, the greater the number of victimizations
suffered in the maltreatment screening. / A presente dissertação de mestrado está organizada em dois artigos que têm como objetivo
compreender os traços de psicopatia em autores de violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes
(AVS), assim como a relação desses traços com a vivência de vitimização ao longo
da vida. O primeiro artigo tem como objetivo explorar e sintetizar o conhecimento produzido
sobre o uso do Psychopathy Checklist-Revised - PCL-R em autores de violência sexual. Foi
encontrado um total de 19 artigos por meio dos quais foi possível constatar que o PCL-R,
na maioria dos casos, pode ser considerado um instrumento útil e válido para avaliar a psicopatia
em AVS nos contextos culturais em que o instrumento foi aplicado, bem como para
prever a reincidência criminal nessa amostra específica. O segundo artigo trata de um estudo
empírico, cujo objetivo principal foi investigar os traços de personalidade de AVS por meio
do PCL-R e as vitimizações sofridas por eles por meio do Juvenile Victimization Questionnaire
- JVQ. Participaram do estudo 30 AVS, voluntários, do sexo masculino, cumprindo
pena em regime fechado em uma penitenciária do estado de Goiás, que foram subdivididos
em dois grupos: G1 AVS considerados psicopatas (PCL-R³ 30 pontos) e o G2 (AVS não
considerados psicopatas (PCL-R< 30). Os resultados indicaram que 33,3% da amostra preenchiam
os critérios para psicopatia (pontuação > 30 no PCL-R). Os resultados mostraram
diferenças significativas entre os grupos: quanto mais jovem o AVS maior foi a pontuação
no PCL-R; quanto mais elevada a pontuação no PCL-R, maior a variedade de crimes cometidos,
maior o número de vítimas, mais fugas e rebeliões, maior o número de processos que
respondiam e maior o tempo total de pena. Os resultados apontaram também correlação
positiva entre a pontuação no PCL-R e maus tratos para o G1, revelando que quanto maior
a pontuação no PCL-R, maior o número de vitimizações sofridas no crivo maus tratos.
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Victimization, Prevalence, Health and Peritraumatic Reactions in Swedish AdolescentsAho, Nikolas January 2016 (has links)
The aim of this thesis was to expand the knowledge of victimization in children and youth in Sweden. Victimization, prevalence, health and peritraumatic reactions were explored in a cross sectional, representative sample of 5,960 second grade high school students in Sweden. A computerized survey was developed and administered in class room setting. Lifetime victimization was found in 84.1% of the sample (m=83.0%, f=85.2%), and, in relation to the five domains, 66.4% had experienced conventional crime, 24% child maltreatment, 54.4% peer and sibling victimization, 21.8% sexual victimization, and 54% had experienced witness victimization. Females experienced significantly more child maltreatment, peer and sibling victimization, sexual victimization, and witnessed victimization, males more conventional crime (p<0.001). Using logistic regression risk factors for victimization were confirmed by a significant increase OR regarding gender, environment and lack of both parents. Symptoms (TSCC), were clearly associated with both victimizations per se and the number of victimizations. The results indicated a relatively linear increase in symptoms with an increase in number of events experienced. Mental health of the polyvictimized group was significantly worse than that of the non-polyvictimized group, with significantly elevated TSCC scores (t<0.001). Hierarchical regression analysis resulted in beta value reduction when polyvictimization was introduced supporting the independent effect on symptoms. Social anxiety was found in 10.2 % (n = 605) of the total group (n = 5,960). A significant gender difference emerged, with more females than males reporting social anxiety. Elevated PTSS was found in 14.8 % (n=883). Binary logistic regression revealed the highest OR for having had contact with child and adolescent psychiatry was found for the combined group with social anxiety and elevated PTSS (OR = 4.88, 95 % CI = 3.53–6.73, p<001). Significant associations were also found between use of child and adolescent psychiatry and female gender (OR = 2.05, 95 % CI = 1.70–2.45), Swedish birth origin (OR = 1.68, 95 % CI = 1.16–2.42) and living in a small municipality (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.02–1.73). Mediation models used peritraumatic reactions (PT): total, physiological arousal (PA), peritraumatic dissociation (PD), and intervention thoughts (IT) and JVQ and TSCC. Of the n=5,332 cases, a total of n=4,483 (84.1%) reported at least one victimizing event (m = 83.0%, f = 85.2%). Of these, 74.9% (n=3,360) also experienced a PT reaction of some kind. The effect mediated by PT tot was b= 0.479, BCa CI [0.342 – 0.640], representing a relatively small effect of 7.6%, κ2=0.076, 95% BCa CI [0.054- 0.101]. The mediating effect of JVQ on TSCC was mediated by PD more for males (b=0.394 BCa CI [0.170-0.636]) than for females (b=0.247, BCa CI [0.021-0.469]). The indirect effect of the JVQ on the TSCC tot mediated by the different PT reactions was significant for PD (b=0.355, BCa CI [0.199- 0.523]. In males a mediating effect of PD could be seen in the different models, while females had a more mixed result. IT did not show any indirect effect in males, but had a mixed effect for females. The empirical findings in this thesis lead to the conclusion that victimization is highly prevalent in children and youth and is related to health issues. The association of victimization on symptoms was mediated by peritraumatic reactions. Using a comprehensive instrument such as the JVQ provides the researcher or clinician the opportunity to acquire more complete measurement and also makes it possible to identify polyvictimization, a high-level category of events with severe impact on health.
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