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This diploma thesis deals with landscape as a way of seeing, its critique and its defense. The thesis will initially focus on the presentation of the critical concept of ways of seeing by English art critic and writer John Berger. On the basis of this, the thesis will move to the exploration of the critical concepts of landscape and landscape painting by British humanistic cultural geographer Denis E. Cosgrove and American visual theorist and philosopher W. J. T. Mitchell. Subsequently, it will also deal with the relationship of these concepts to the concept of landscape by English historian and art historian Simon Schama. Cosgrove and Mitchell both deal in a similar way with the critical reflection of the idea of landscape in terms of postmodern and postcolonial criticism. Both authors are influenced by Berger's concept and claim that our aesthetic perception of landscape is not a natural vision, but an acquired, historically created way of seeing. This way of seeing then raises a number of questions in relation to the traditional conception of landscape aesthetics and can lead to a rethinking of traditional concepts such as aesthetic attitude, psychical distance or the idea of disinterested pleasure. Opposite to it, the thesis intends to present an optimistic concept of landscape by Schama. The...

J.D. Salinger’s ‘A Girl I Knew,’ ‘Just Before the War with the Eskimos,’ and ‘Blue Melody,’ contain key thematic and narratological elements that contribute to the development of character through repeated reference to tactile imagery and through each character’s reaction to the sensations associated with tactile images. Salinger’s descriptions of tactile interaction allow readers to see his characters connected in ways that were increasingly difficult in the 1950’s, where widespread cultural changes contributed to increasing physical and emotional distancing. Critics have argued that “vision” is at the heart of many of Salinger’s characters’ struggles, since they “seek” a level of human connectedness not found in other narratives. However, Salinger's stories do not provide a mere record of observed physical characteristics as some claim; instead, they present concrete physical details that take both the character and the reader beyond sight to touch, in an effort to create the intimate space necessary for redemption. Using theoretical work by critics who focus on tactile imagery pinpoints how Salinger’s characters situate themselves in relation to the world around them and how setting and other narrative mechanics influence character. Salinger’s attention to tactile imagery influences character in a profound way creating a “narrative of immediacy” where closeness is further reinforced through tactile physical descriptions, attention to gesture, and use of conversational popular vernacular.

This research analyses how the medium of television has taken up the question of art history through the historical and critical review of series that have been acclaimed by their mass audiences. Viewed from a historical perspective, a number of milestone series have left their mark on the history of television and art. Some of them have contributed to the construction and dissemination of art-historical discourse, often formal and sometimes critical. This work examines film and television production on art in the developed countries of North America and Western Europe, notably the United States, France and the United Kingdom, at the time of the emergence and institutionalization of the medium of television, between 1945 and 1970, and then looks at the resonances in subsequent and contemporary programs. And, secondly, in a spirit of critical analysis, to try to understand what "television is doing to art and its history" in order to identify the specific discourse of television art history. In practical terms, the aim is to add to the literature on a subject that has so far received very little attention from art historians, and to help legitimize the medium as an object of art criticism. / Cette recherche analyse comment le média télévision s'est emparé de la question de l'histoire de l'art à travers l'examen historique et critique de séries plébiscitées par le grand public. Dans une perspective historique, un certain nombre de séries phares ont marqué l'histoire de la télévision et de l’art, dont certaines ont contribué à la construction et à la diffusion d'un discours sur l'histoire de l'art, souvent formel, parfois critique. Cet ouvrage examine d’une part, la production cinématographique et télévisuelle sur l'art dans les pays développés d'Amérique du Nord et d'Europe occidentale, notamment les États-Unis, la France et le Royaume-Uni, au moment de l'émergence et de l'institutionnalisation du média télévisuel, entre 1945 et 1970, puis leur résonance dans les programmes ultérieurs et contemporains. D'autre part, dans un esprit d'analyse critique, il s’agit de comprendre ce que "la télévision fait à l'art et à son histoire" afin d'identifier le discours spécifique de l'histoire de l'art télévisuelle. Concrètement, cette thèse vient enrichir la littérature sur un sujet jusqu'ici peu traité par les historiens de l'art et des médias, et contribuer à légitimer le média comme objet de la critique d'art.