In 1998 an amendment of the Family Act of 1963 made it possible, following the example of western countries, to entrust children to joint physical custody of parents, after their divorce. This gives them the possibility to equally share the upbringing and making decisions in important matters concerning their child after their divorce. This form of post-divorce organisation of child care is relatively new in this country, and that is why we have little experience with it so far. Specialists who are in contact with the questions of the joint physical custody present a number of both advantages and disadvantages. The objective of my diploma thesis was to map the particular questions, find out how the professional and non-professional public view the joint physical custody, and subsequently, compare these results. My further objective was to describe the advantages and disadvantages resulting from the shared parenting. My research was based on the hypothesis that the professional public regarded this post-divorce organisation of child care as suitable, further on the hypothesis that non-professional public was not sufficiently informed about this possibility of post-divorce organisation of child care, and, last but not least, the statement that there were differences between the attitude held by the professional and that held by the non-professional public to the questions mentioned. Two of the three hypotheses were confirmed in the course of the research. The conducted research is of explorative character, it combines elements of quantitative and qualitative research. To conduct it I used the method of questioning by means of an anonymous questionnaire, the data obtained were processed in the computer SPSS programme. In questions containing qualitative data, I conducted a qualitative content analysis. Another technique that I applied was the secondary data analysis. The research sample was made up of randomly chosen representatives of both professional and non-professional public from the Regions of South Bohemia and Hradec Králové. My thesis will serve as a feedback for specialists dealing with this field, it will be used for the needs of the Children and Family Crisis Centre in České Budějovice. Its results will serve for the improvement of information of professional and non-professional public.

L’objectif de cette étude est d’appréhender comment les enfants en résidence alternée se construisent sur le plan de leur adaptation socio-affective et de leur qualité de vie et d’analyser quels sont les facteurs susceptibles d’influencer leur développement socio-affectif. L’approche écosystémique (Bronfenbrenner, 2005) et, plus spécifiquement, le modèle opérationnel « Processus-Personne-Contexte-Temps » (Bronfenbrenner, 1996) sur lequel nous prenons appui, nous a permis, de manière originale, de procéder à l’analyse de la contribution de facteurs d’ordre individuel, familial et contextuel au développement de ces enfants.Dans cette perspective, 38 familles et leurs 56 enfants âgés de 4 à 12 ans en résidence alternée ont participé à notre étude au moyen d'une série de questionnaires. Le développement socio-affectif de l’enfant a été appréhendé à l’aide de « l’Autoquestionnaire Qualité de vie-Enfant-Imagé » (A.U.Q.U.E.I. ; Manificat & Dazord, 1997) et du « Child Behavior Checklist » (C.B.C.L. ; Achenbach, 1991). Les mères et/ou les pères ont renseigné plusieurs outils évaluant leur relation coparentale : « l’échelle d’Interaction Coparentale » (Ahrons & Wallisch, 1987), « l’Inventaire de l’Alliance Parentale » (Abidin & Brunner, 1995) et « l’échelle de Conflits Post-Séparation » (Sonnenblick & Scharwz, 1992). La relation post-conjugale a été analysée à travers « l’échelle d’Interaction Non Parentale » (Ahrons & Wallisch, 1987) et « l’échelle d’Attachement entre les ex-conjoints » (Kitson, 1982).Nos principaux résultats indiquent que les enfants en résidence alternée témoignent d’une qualité de vie globalement satisfaisante, notamment dans la sphère familiale. De plus, trois quart des enfants environ se situent dans la zone non-pathologique aux échelles d’adaptation intériorisée et d’adaptation extériorisée. Parmi les facteurs pris en compte, nous constatons, dans un premier temps, un effet significatif du sexe et de l’âge des enfants : les filles sont plus nombreuses à se situer dans la zone pathologique à l’échelle d’adaptation extériorisée et les enfants de 4 à 6 ans tendent à présenter moins de troubles intériorisés. Dans un deuxième temps, les résultats révèlent que la relation coparentale influence le développement socio-affectif des enfants et que l’hostilité indirecte constitue le facteur de risque le plus marqué. Cet effet est toutefois modulé par l’âge des enfants. Enfin, nous avons mis en évidence l’influence des caractéristiques du contexte, à savoir la relation post-conjugale, le degré d’hostilité pré-séparation et le type d’accord formulé par les parents sur leur développement. Toutefois, il s’avère que cette influence n’est pas directe mais médiatisée par la relation coparentale.L’ensemble des résultats obtenus nous permet de proposer des perspectives de recherche et des pistes d’intervention.Mots / This thesis aims to comprehend how children in joint physical custody evolve themselves in terms of socio-emotional adaptation and quality of life and analyzing the factors that could have an impact on their socio-emotional development. This study is based on a theoretical eco-systemic approach (Bronfenbrenner, 2005). Considering person, family and context to be the scales of comparision for the development of these children. The operational model of« the Process–Person–Context–Time » (Bronfenbrenner, 1996), allowed us to analyze the contribution of the aforementioned factors on these children.According to this perspective, 38 families having 56 children between the ages 4-12 years old in joint physical custody participated in this study through a questionary. The socio-emotional development was analyzed by taking into account the « Autoquestionnaire Qualité de vie-Enfant-Imagé » (A.U.Q.U.E.I. ; Manificat & Dazord, 1997) and the « Child Behavior Checklist » (C.B.C.L. ; Achenbach, 1991). The mothers and/or the fathers were also queried to evaluate their parenting abilities by using several tools as follows the « Coparental Interaction Scale » (Ahrons & Wallisch, 1987), the « Parenting Alliance Inventory » (Abidin & Brunner, 1995) and the « Post-Divorce Conflict Scale » (Sonnenblick & Scharwz, 1992). The post-conjugal relationship was analyzed by the following « Coparental Interaction Scale, nonparental dimension » (Ahrons & Wallisch, 1987) and « Attachment Scale » (Kitson, 1982).Our principal results indicate that children in joint custody testify globally a satisfactory quality of life particularly in the sphere of family upbringing. Also approximately three quarters of the total children can be placed in the non- pathological zone on the internalized adaptation and the externalized adaptation scale. Amongst the factors taken into consideration, we note that first of all there is a significant effect of the sex and age of the children between 4 to 6 years tend to show less personal internalizing problems. While the girls can be placed on the pathological scale of externalizing adaptation in a larger number compared to the boys. Secondly, the results reveals that the co-parental relationship influences the socio-emotional development of children and that the covert hostility constitutes the most raddled risk factor. However, this result varies according to the age of children. Finally, the impact of the characteristics of the context is highlighted, namely the post-conjugal relationship, the degree of hostility before the separation and the type of agreement that the parents express of their children’s development. Nevertheless, it is proved that this influence is indirect but moderated by the co-parental relationship.The total of the obtained results allows us to propose new perspectives and leads for intervention.