Inaug.-diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf.

Inaug.-diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf.

It is commonly agreed that subjective evaluation tends to be less reliable than objective evaluation. This study represents an attempt to discover whether or not there are predictable characteristics of subjective evaluation which account for part of this unreliability. After logical analysis, three possible effects were proposed, (1) A contrast effect, in which the difference between a sample and the preceding sample or samples is minimized or exaggerated. (2) An experience effect, in which there is a long term shift in values. (3) An end effect, in which the last few samples in a series are judged according to different standards. Several possible test materials were considered. Finally, handwriting samples were chosen as satisfying the criteria of explicitness and necessity for subjective rather than disguised objective evaluation. Two experiments were devised; the first to test for a contrast effect, and the second to test for the experience and end effects. Evidence significant at the one percent level was presented for rejecting the hypothesis that there is no contrast effect. It was shown that there is a long term increase in the marks given, in which the increase was spread over the whole range of marks. There was evidence significant at the five percent level for rejecting the hypothesis that there is no end effect. It was shown that the last three samples of a long series tend to be downgraded. / Education, Faculty of / Graduate

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1919.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johns Hopkins University. / Biographical sketch. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis--Uppsala. / Tr. by Edric Hille. "Literature quoted": p. [226]-231.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 1919.

Issued also as Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University. / Bibliography: p. 51-52.

Thesis (doctoral)--University of Turku, 1983. / Erratum sheet inserted. Bibliography: 187-190.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1957. / Typescript. Abstracted in Dissertation abstracts, v. 17 (1957) no. 11, p. 2693. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [80]-81).