No description available.

O carcinoma adenóide cístico e o adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau de malignidade são neoplasmas de glândulas salivares. O carcinoma adenóide cístico pode apresentar-se em glândulas salivares maiores e menores, porém o adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau de malignidade acomete principalmente as glândulas salivares menores distribuidas na cavidade oral. Ambos os tumores compartilham muitas características comuns, como a alta propensão de invasão perineural e o padrão de infiltracão: sólido, tubular e cribriforme. Mas o carcinoma adenoide cístico e o adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau são tipos distintos de adenocarcinomas com prognóstico diferente, que ocasionalmente podem resultar em um diágnóstico errado. As proteínas c-jun e junB são membros da familia JUN, capazes de homodimerizar ou heterodimerizar com c-fos ou com outras proteinas bzip. Evidências das funcões específicas das subunidades do AP-1 foram mostradas por cjun e junB, que atúam antagónicamente no controle da transformação celular, diferenciação e expressão do AP-1 dependente do gene alvo. Mas a função de ambos é complexa e pode depender do tipo celular. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a expressão imunoistoquímica das proteínas c-jun e junB em 13 casos de carcinoma adenoide cístico e 12 de adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau de malignidade de glándulas salivares. Espécimes de mucosa normal foram incluídos e evidenciaram forte marcação nuclear e citoplasmática para junB e c-jun respectivamente. No presente estudo, independente da arquitetura histológica, ambos tumores mostraram muitas células tumorais com marcação nuclear e citoplasmática para a proteína c-jun e ausente para a proteína junB. As lesões do adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau de malignidade expressaram um maior número de células com marcação nuclear quando comparados ao do carcinoma adenoide císticode de mais baixo grau. De acordo com este estudo e com alguns estudos publicados na literatura, a c-jun é expressa em tumores de baixo grau e parece estar mais relacionada à diferenciação celular do que à proliferação celular. / Adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade are salivary gland neoplasms. ACC can arise in both, major or minor salivary glands. However, Polymorphous lowgrade adenocarcinoma, occurs specifically in minor salivary glands dispersed in the oral cavity. They share many common histologic features, as infiltrating solid, tubular and cribiform patterns and also high propensity for perineural invasion. Nevertheless, adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade are distinct types of adenocarcinomas with different prognosis, which occasionally may result in a diagnostic pitfall. C-jun and junB are family JUN members that may form homodimerizes or heterodimerizes with c-fos or other bzip proteins. Evidence for specific functions of AP-1 subunits was shown for c-jun and junB, which act antagonistically to control cell transformation, differentiation and expression of AP-1 depending on the target genes. However, the role of both of them is complex and it depends on cell type. The aim of this study was to determine immunohistochemistry of c -jun and junB expression in 13 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma and 12 cases of polymorphous carcinoma low-grade adenocarcinoma of salivary glands. Moreover slides of normal mucosa were included and there were strong nuclei and cytoplasmic for junB and c-jun respectly. In the present study, independent of the histologic architecture, in both tumors shown many tumoral cells presented nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of c-jun and were absent to the protein junB. In polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma lesions expressed in a greater number cells staining than in the adenoid cystic carcinoma of the most lowgrade. According with this study and with some studies of the literature, the c-jun is expressed in low-grade tumors and seems to be related to cell differentiation more than with cell proliferation.

O carcinoma adenóide cístico e o adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau de malignidade são neoplasmas de glândulas salivares. O carcinoma adenóide cístico pode apresentar-se em glândulas salivares maiores e menores, porém o adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau de malignidade acomete principalmente as glândulas salivares menores distribuidas na cavidade oral. Ambos os tumores compartilham muitas características comuns, como a alta propensão de invasão perineural e o padrão de infiltracão: sólido, tubular e cribriforme. Mas o carcinoma adenoide cístico e o adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau são tipos distintos de adenocarcinomas com prognóstico diferente, que ocasionalmente podem resultar em um diágnóstico errado. As proteínas c-jun e junB são membros da familia JUN, capazes de homodimerizar ou heterodimerizar com c-fos ou com outras proteinas bzip. Evidências das funcões específicas das subunidades do AP-1 foram mostradas por cjun e junB, que atúam antagónicamente no controle da transformação celular, diferenciação e expressão do AP-1 dependente do gene alvo. Mas a função de ambos é complexa e pode depender do tipo celular. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a expressão imunoistoquímica das proteínas c-jun e junB em 13 casos de carcinoma adenoide cístico e 12 de adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau de malignidade de glándulas salivares. Espécimes de mucosa normal foram incluídos e evidenciaram forte marcação nuclear e citoplasmática para junB e c-jun respectivamente. No presente estudo, independente da arquitetura histológica, ambos tumores mostraram muitas células tumorais com marcação nuclear e citoplasmática para a proteína c-jun e ausente para a proteína junB. As lesões do adenocarcinoma polimorfo de baixo grau de malignidade expressaram um maior número de células com marcação nuclear quando comparados ao do carcinoma adenoide císticode de mais baixo grau. De acordo com este estudo e com alguns estudos publicados na literatura, a c-jun é expressa em tumores de baixo grau e parece estar mais relacionada à diferenciação celular do que à proliferação celular. / Adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade are salivary gland neoplasms. ACC can arise in both, major or minor salivary glands. However, Polymorphous lowgrade adenocarcinoma, occurs specifically in minor salivary glands dispersed in the oral cavity. They share many common histologic features, as infiltrating solid, tubular and cribiform patterns and also high propensity for perineural invasion. Nevertheless, adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade are distinct types of adenocarcinomas with different prognosis, which occasionally may result in a diagnostic pitfall. C-jun and junB are family JUN members that may form homodimerizes or heterodimerizes with c-fos or other bzip proteins. Evidence for specific functions of AP-1 subunits was shown for c-jun and junB, which act antagonistically to control cell transformation, differentiation and expression of AP-1 depending on the target genes. However, the role of both of them is complex and it depends on cell type. The aim of this study was to determine immunohistochemistry of c -jun and junB expression in 13 cases of adenoid cystic carcinoma and 12 cases of polymorphous carcinoma low-grade adenocarcinoma of salivary glands. Moreover slides of normal mucosa were included and there were strong nuclei and cytoplasmic for junB and c-jun respectly. In the present study, independent of the histologic architecture, in both tumors shown many tumoral cells presented nuclear and cytoplasmic staining of c-jun and were absent to the protein junB. In polymorphous low-grade adenocarcinoma lesions expressed in a greater number cells staining than in the adenoid cystic carcinoma of the most lowgrade. According with this study and with some studies of the literature, the c-jun is expressed in low-grade tumors and seems to be related to cell differentiation more than with cell proliferation.

Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) that function to maintain the hematopoietic compartment through self-renewal and differentiation capacities, as well as their downstream progeny, are susceptible to transformation resulting in the generation of the leukemic stem cell (LSC). Chief in the factors that control HSC regulation and protection of the HSC compartment is the cellular redox environment. Deregulation of the Hematopoietic Stem/Progenitor Cell (HSPC) redox environment results in loss of HSPC function and exhaustion. The characteristic developments of HSPC exhaustion via exposure to redox stress closely mirror phenotypic traits of hematopoietic malignancies, presenting the HSPC/LSC redox environment as a potential therapeutic target. While myelosuppression and HSPC exhaustion are detrimental side effects of classical chemotherapies, new approaches that differentially modify the HSPC/LSC redox environment may demonstrate LSC cytotoxicity while offering protection of normal HSPC function via differential activation of internal signaling pathways. Precisely how the redox environment and downstream signaling events are affected by these treatments remains unclear; thus highlighting the need for robust methods that evaluate the HSPC/LSC redox state. Because the glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulfide (GSSG) redox couple heavily contributes to the management of HSPC function and redox environment, characterizing the GSH/GSSG redox potential at the HSPC level would provide great insight for therapeutic opportunities. However, accurate measurement the GSH/GSSG redox potential within HSPCs/LSCs has been difficult due to their inherently low numbers. Here, we describe the development and validation of a sensitive method used for the direct and simultaneous quantitation of both oxidized and reduced GSH via LC-MS/MS. We use these methodologies to establish a difference in GSH-GSSG half-cell reduction potentials between normal and malignant HSPCs and examine the therapeutic effect of a redox active MnSOD mimetic, Mn(III) mesotetrakis (N-n-butoxyethylpyridinium-2yl) porphyrin, MnTnBuOE-2-PyP5+ (MnP), within these populations in vitro as well as within a human xenograft model in vivo. MnP demonstrates significant cytotoxic effects in several malignant models, while inducing an opposite cytoprotective effect in normal HSPC populations. The GSH/GSSG redox balance, specifically managed by glutathione reductase activity, is identified as a determining factor of MnP efficacy in various malignant populations. Treatment of the human myelodysplastic cell line (MDSL) offers mechanistic insights into MnP efficacy through hydrogen peroxide mediated activation of activator protein 1 (AP-1) signaling. We identify the redox dependent activation of JunB, a known regulator of normal myeloid lineage HSC proliferation, as a transcriptional mechanistic mediator of MnP treatment induced AP-1 signaling resulting in malignant cytotoxicity. The development of this novel method allowing for the identification of targetable differences between normal and malignant cell populations has provided insight to the underpinnings of potential redox based therapies. Additionally, the finding that MnP can target varying cellular redox states and exert selective cytotoxicity in malignant over normal populations by re-gaining lost control of AP-1 signaling demonstrates the potential for development of safe therapeutics within a variety of clinical applications.

No description available.