This thesis examines why courts in the United States of America (US), India and South Africa refer to foreign law in death penalty cases. To gain an understanding of what drives the apex courts of the US, India and South Africa to cite foreign law when considering domestic death penalty issues, this thesis proposes a three-part matrix to both assess the relevant case law and to analyse the academic literature on cross-citation. Firstly, it will be demonstrated that judges in national courts cross-cite comparative law out of a primary interest in constitutional interpretation. Cross-citation is used in this manner to assist judges in their domestic interpretative tasks. Secondly, it will be illustrated how courts that engage in the citation of foreign law also seek guidance from other jurisdictions as to the content of shared values, such as what type of punishment does not fundamentally and unlawfully violate the right to human dignity. Finally, this thesis assesses to what degree courts from the three selected jurisdictions are additionally referencing or applying a customary international law norm when citing foreign sources. The argument is made that the domestic courts under examination engage with comparative law in the context of a broader transnational normative project, taking the international human rights framework that developed after the Second World War as a key reference point. In doing so, this thesis argues that these courts are at times recognising and developing emerging customary norms, and at other times giving effect to and enforcing applicable international human rights law.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:22:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Danilo Monteiro de Castro.pdf: 1073131 bytes, checksum: a4d5f90e2ac1823a36c7d1f023ba4dbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-18 / This study aims at the conflict of jurisdiction as to tax matters, observed in the light of Communication Law (the issue is brought up as a communicational noise). Thus, upon a hermeneutic-analytic investigation, the legal system of positive right in law will be analyzed and, therefore, interpreted, so that reflections on the theme are possible according to the communicational perspective in law, and a language with scientific claims. The perspective in question favors the asserting that jurisdiction conflicts are observed (jurisdiction view in law), facilitate the identification of communication noise motivating the phenomenon being studied, enhance the ability to minimize the manifestation of conflicts by inserting infra-constitutional prescriptive statements (jurisdiction rules), and also lead to the analysis on how the conflict should be solved (derivation process), and whom by / O presente estudo tem por objeto o conflito de competência em matéria tributária, observado pelo prisma do Direito Comunicacional (a questão posta como um ruído comunicacional). Assim, mediante uma investigação hermenêutico-analítica, o sistema jurídico de direito positivo será analisado e, por conseguinte, interpretado para que reflexões sobre o tema sejam possíveis pela perspectiva comunicacional do direito, em linguagem com pretensões científicas. A perspectiva em questão propicia a afirmação de que conflitos de competência existem (visão competencial do direito), facilita a identificação do ruído comunicacional motivador do fenômeno em estudo, enaltece a possibilidade de minimizar a ocorrência de conflitos via inserção de enunciados prescritivos infraconstitucionais (regras de competência) e, ainda, conduz a análise à indicação de como deve dar-se a solução do conflito (processo de derivação), e por quem

This diploma thesis focuses on the analysis of the constitution of marriage legal regulation in the new Civil Code and the relating legislation. Primarily, it deals with the concept and the purpose of marriage, along with the moment of its constitution and, it outlines alternative forms of entering into marriage. The thesis further analyses the difference between the civil and religious marriage. The major chapter is devoted to entering into marriage with an international jurisdiction conflict because the number of marriages between Czech citizens with foreigners continues to increase. It becomes more frequent that the Czech citizens enter into marriage abroad. At the end, the causes and consequences of the putative marriage and the invalidity of the entering into marriage are examined.