Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-03T18:33:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joaquim_Candido_de_Sousa_Filho.pdf: 1004600 bytes, checksum: 661ceb11db839e3575a23fbf10618f08 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-12-19 / This thesis has, as its main purpose, to study the analysis and extension of credit process for legal entities of any size, made by non-financial companies, involving only medium and large industrial companies, and, at the same time, distributors of its own products. It is an exploratory research, involving one hundred and twenty-nine companies of eight segments: food; beverage; audio, video, and home appliances; cleaning products; paper; stationery shop; toiletries; and domestic utilities. The main topics were: feeling, technique, and confidence participation in the process of analysis and extension of credit; the position within the company which defines the credit policy; the importance degree attributed by the credit gestor to several aspects; the main variables with regard to the company and the partners thereof, used by the credit gestor in the analysis and extension of credit process; the importance degree attributed thereof; the variables which, severally, can hinder the extension of credit; the variables less important with regard to the company and the partners thereof, in the analysis and extension of credit process; the impact of the computer utilization (hardware and software) in the analysis and extension of credit process, and the main difficulties undergone by the credit gestor in such process. The statistical analysis of data revealed a great uniformity in the analysis and extension of credit process among the re searched companies. Although the use this technique is preponderant in the analysis and extension of credit process, feeling and confidence are still liable for a material part of such process. Other relevant conclusion was that the intensive usage by the credit gestor of some variables in the analysis and extension of credit process does not necessarily implicate in the attribution of a correspondent level of important to these variables. Finally, the research performed investigated the greatest difficulties undergone by the credit gestors, identifying that the difficulties are the same, regardless of the companies segment. Such difficulties involve, basically, the credit area and the commercial area of the companies, showing clearly the necessity of a deep work to eliminate or minimize such difficulties. / Esta disserta????o tem como objetivo principal o estudo do processo de an??lise e concess??o de cr??dito para pessoas jur??dicas de qualquer porte, realizado por empresas n??o financeiras, envolvendo somente m??dias e grandes empresas industriais e ao mesmo tempo, distribuidoras de seus pr??prios produtos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa explorat??ria, envolvendo cento e vinte e nove empresas de oito segmentos: alimentos, bebidas, eletroeletr??nico,produtos de limpeza, papel, papelaria, toucador e utilidades dom??sticas. Os principais t??picos abordados foram: a participa????o do feeling, da t??cnica e da confian??a no processo de an??lise e concess??o de cr??dito; o cargo dentro da empresa que define a pol??tica de cr??dito; o grau de import??ncia atribu??do pelo gestor de cr??dito a diversos aspectos; as principais vari??veis em rela????o ?? empresa e aos s??cios da mesma, utilizadas pelo gestor de cr??dito no processo de an??lise e concess??o de cr??dito; o grau de import??ncia atribu??do ??s mesmas; as vari??veis que isoladamente podem impedir a concess??o de cr??dito; as vari??veis menos importantes em rela????o ?? empresa e aos s??cios da mesma, no processo de an??lise e concess??o de cr??dito; o impacto da utiliza????o do computador (hardware e software) no processo de an??lise e concess??o de cr??dito e as principais dificuldades encontradas pelo gestor de cr??dito neste processo. A an??lise estat??stica de dados revelou grande uniformidade no processo de an??lise e concess??o de cr??dito entre as empresas pesquisadas. Embora a utiliza????o da t??cnica seja preponderante no processo de an??lise e concess??o de cr??dito, o feeling e a confian??a, ainda respondem por uma parcela significativa deste processo. Outra conclus??o relevante foi que o fato do gestor de cr??dito utilizar intensamente algumas vari??veis no processo de an??lise e concess??o de cr??dito, n??o implica necessariamente a atribui????o de correspondente n??vel de import??ncia a estas vari??veis. Finalizando, a pesquisa realizada abordou as maiores dificuldades encontradas pelos gestores de cr??dito, sendo identificado que as dificuldades s??o as mesmas, independentemente do segmento das empresas. Estas dificuldades envolvem, basicamente, a ??rea de cr??dito e a ??rea comercial das pr??prias empresas, demonstrando, claramente, a necessidade da realiza????o de um profundo trabalho objetivando eliminar ou minimizar estas dificuldades.

Modern juristic persons often are powerful entities and they play an influential role in society. Their activities are often accompanied by serious transgressions that have a severely detrimental impact on human beings and their environment. The effective prosecution of juristic persons is therefore necessary. The juridical foundations of the liability of juristic persons are, however, one of the most controversial issues in criminal law theory. Individualistic theories postulate that juristic persons are merely collections of individuals. The conduct and fault of individuals constituting a juristic person must therefore form the basis of the criminal liability of the juristic person. In the United States, for instance, the foundation for the criminal liability of corporations on federal level is vicarious liability. Another individualistic model (mostly associated with English common law jurisdictions) is the so–called doctrine of identification. Only the conduct of individuals who are regarded as the 'directing minds' of the organisation may be attributed to the organisation. These approaches deny the complex structures and decision making processes that exist especially in big corporate entities. According to realistic theories juristic persons are entities which are not dependant on their composite members. Each juristic person has its own unique personality. The culture and ethos of a juristic person influence the conduct of individuals attached to it as well as the degree in which the juristic person abides by the law. The identity of a corporation can be established by investigating the internal structure thereof. The existence of monitoring mechanisms and educational programmes within the organization, as well as the degree to which the organisation condones or disapproves of unlawful conduct, are some of the factors which may be indicative of the corporate culture. This approach is a development of the late twentieth century and has recently been adopted in the legislation of some foreign legal systems, most notably Australia. Section 332(1) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 provides the basis for the criminal liability of juristic persons in South Africa. In essence the conduct and fault of functionaries (and sometimes even outsiders) are attributed to the juristic person. In terms of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act juristic persons may only be fined upon conviction. This approach reflects the individualistic view of corporate criminal liability. In this study recommendations are made for the purpose of improving the South African law in this regard so as to reflect a more realistic approach. The recommendations are based on an examination of realistic models proposed by legal and social theorists and legislation adopted by foreign countries which are based on these theories. It is also recommended that more sentencing options must be made available to bring about the restructuring of corporations which have committed crimes. / Thesis (LL.D.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Modern juristic persons often are powerful entities and they play an influential role in society. Their activities are often accompanied by serious transgressions that have a severely detrimental impact on human beings and their environment. The effective prosecution of juristic persons is therefore necessary. The juridical foundations of the liability of juristic persons are, however, one of the most controversial issues in criminal law theory. Individualistic theories postulate that juristic persons are merely collections of individuals. The conduct and fault of individuals constituting a juristic person must therefore form the basis of the criminal liability of the juristic person. In the United States, for instance, the foundation for the criminal liability of corporations on federal level is vicarious liability. Another individualistic model (mostly associated with English common law jurisdictions) is the so–called doctrine of identification. Only the conduct of individuals who are regarded as the 'directing minds' of the organisation may be attributed to the organisation. These approaches deny the complex structures and decision making processes that exist especially in big corporate entities. According to realistic theories juristic persons are entities which are not dependant on their composite members. Each juristic person has its own unique personality. The culture and ethos of a juristic person influence the conduct of individuals attached to it as well as the degree in which the juristic person abides by the law. The identity of a corporation can be established by investigating the internal structure thereof. The existence of monitoring mechanisms and educational programmes within the organization, as well as the degree to which the organisation condones or disapproves of unlawful conduct, are some of the factors which may be indicative of the corporate culture. This approach is a development of the late twentieth century and has recently been adopted in the legislation of some foreign legal systems, most notably Australia. Section 332(1) of the Criminal Procedure Act 51 of 1977 provides the basis for the criminal liability of juristic persons in South Africa. In essence the conduct and fault of functionaries (and sometimes even outsiders) are attributed to the juristic person. In terms of the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Act juristic persons may only be fined upon conviction. This approach reflects the individualistic view of corporate criminal liability. In this study recommendations are made for the purpose of improving the South African law in this regard so as to reflect a more realistic approach. The recommendations are based on an examination of realistic models proposed by legal and social theorists and legislation adopted by foreign countries which are based on these theories. It is also recommended that more sentencing options must be made available to bring about the restructuring of corporations which have committed crimes. / Thesis (LL.D.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

Univ., Diss.--Bern, 2006.

Thesis (M. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 70-71).

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

Univ., Diss.--Göttingen, 2004. / Literaturverz. S. 219 - 230.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2018-07-11T12:28:26Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna de Carvalho Santos Pineschi.pdf: 7761548 bytes, checksum: 3594307a7e79c5c39abb55b3ea8284b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-11T12:28:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruna de Carvalho Santos Pineschi.pdf: 7761548 bytes, checksum: 3594307a7e79c5c39abb55b3ea8284b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-04-20 / The objective of this work is to bring the discussion about a very controversial and increasingly recurrent topic in criminal doctrine: the criminal liability of corporations in Brazil and in the world. Until the 1980s, most countries still followed the societas delinquere non potest principle, adopting only civil and administrative liability to acts practiced by corporations. However, in the last decades, several countries have adopted this institute in their legal systems in order to modernize and increase their criminal norms for the modern world’s new realities. This is caused by the fact that the evolution of law has not been able to keep up with the new demands of the risk society we live in. It occurs that the introduction of this new institute has generated innumerable doctrinal criticism and difficulty in adapting to the legal-criminal dogmatics constructed on the basis of the classic Enlightenment criminal law. Much is questioned about the new modern criminal policies and their real effectiveness. In Brazil, the situation is no different. There are innumerous barriers and doubts on the subject, even after the emergence of the Federal Constitution of 1988, and the adoption of the institute by the Law of Environmental Crimes (Law 9.605 / 98). Therefore, in brief, the present work intends to cover: the main problems raised on the subject, taking into account the favorable and opposite arguments presented by the doctrine; its evolution and the context in which it was inserted today; their treatment in comparative law; its situation in the Brazilian legal system through the Federal Constitution of 1988, Law 9605/98, experience of jurisprudence, and the way in which they have been applied; and, finally, the real necessity and effectiveness that this institute has presented since adoption / O objetivo deste trabalho é trazer a discussão sobre um tema muito polêmico e cada vez mais recorrente na doutrina penal: a responsabilidade penal das pessoas jurídicas no Brasil e no mundo. Até cerca dos anos 1980, a maior parte dos países ainda seguia o princípio societas delinquere non potest, adotando apenas a responsabilidade civil e administrativa aos atos praticados pelos entes coletivos. Porém, nas últimas décadas, diversos países passaram a adotar esse instituto em seus ordenamentos visando modernizar e incrementar suas normas penais às novas realidades mundiais. Isso porque a evolução do direito não tem conseguido acompanhar as novas demandas da sociedade de risco a qual vivemos. Ocorre que a introdução desse novo instituto tem gerado inúmeras críticas pela doutrina e dificuldade de adaptação à dogmática jurídico-penal construída com base no direito penal clássico iluminista. Muito se questiona sobre as novas políticas criminais modernas e sua real efetividade. No Brasil, a situação não é diferente. Inúmeras são as barreiras e as dúvidas sobre o tema mesmo após o surgimento da Constituição Federal de 1988 e da adoção do instituto pela Lei de Crimes Ambientais (Lei n. 9.605/1998). Portanto, resumidamente, o presente trabalho pretende abarcar, através de pesquisa doutrinária, legislativa, jurisprudencial e de campo: os principais problemas suscitados sobre o tema, considerando os argumentos favoráveis e contrários apresentados pela doutrina; sua evolução e o contexto no qual foi inserido; seu tratamento no direito comparado; sua situação no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro através da Constituição Federal de 1988, da Lei n. 9.605/1998, a experiência jurisprudencial e a forma como tem sido aplicada e, por fim, a real necessidade e efetividade que esse instituto apresenta desde sua adoção