This thesis provides an account of the work of Canadian organizations that took part in the global anti-apartheid movement and then continued political advocacy work in South Africa post-1994. My central research question is: What explains the rise and fall of international solidarity movements? I answer this question by exploring the factors that allowed the Canadian anti-apartheid network to grow into an international solidarity movement and explaining how a change in these factors sent the network into a period of decline post-1994. I use two organizations, the United Church of Canada and CUSO, as case studies for my analysis. I argue that four factors were behind the growth of the Canadian solidarity network: the presence of large CSOs in Canada willing to become involved in solidarity work, the presence of radical spaces in these organizations from which activists could advocate for and carry out solidarity work, the frame resonance of the apartheid issue in Canada and the political incentives the apartheid state provided for South African activists to encourage Northern support. Post-1994 all of these factors shifted in ways that restricted the continuation of international solidarity work with South Africa. Accordingly I argue that the decline of the Canadian network was driven in part by specific South African factors, but was also connected to a more general stifling of the activist work of progressive Canadian CSOs over the 1990s. This reduction of capacity was driven by the ascent of neo-liberal policy in Canada and worldwide. Using examples from a wide swath of cases I outline this process and explain how all four factors drove the growth and decline of Canadian solidarity work towards South Africa.

Orientador: Luiz Cesar Marques Filho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T05:58:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Majzoub_MileneChavezGoffar_M.pdf: 570168 bytes, checksum: dca4c41e37c25e29a81e063491944035 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Nosso estudo propõe uma análise exaustiva das fontes históricas relativas à aplicação dos ordálios durante o reinado de Carlos Magno (768-814). Para tanto, assume uma perspectiva metodológica que associa os pressupostos da história do direito aos questionamentos da história social, investigando o complexo mecanismo de funcionamento do esquema probatório na justiça real carolíngia, explicando como ele se diferencia de acordo com o status social das partes, reproduzindo a organização social e os valores da época / Abstract: Our research deals with a comprehensive analysis of the historical sources pertaining to the use of the ordeals during the reign of Charlemagne (768-814). For such, we opted for a methodological perspective which associates the requisites of the legal history with those of social history. We intend to investigate the complex mechanism of the modes of proof of royal carolingian justice, explaining how they differentiate according to social status, thus reproducing the social organization and values of the age / Mestrado / Historia da Arte / Mestre em História

Orientador: Leila Mezan Algranti / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-05T12:01:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antunes_AlvarodeAraujo_D.pdf: 26465599 bytes, checksum: c56ead47dbbc8cde0ed5f97240e1e4e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Esta tese analisa as práticas socioculturais de um grupo de advogados de Vila Rica e Mariana, Minas Gerais, entre 1750 e 1808. Seu objetivo é conhecer como a relações sociais e a fOTITIaçãodesses homens de letras, em seus mais vmiados níveis, intervieram e conformaram a prática da Justiça em Minas Gerais. A Justiça era a principal via de reconhecimento do poder régio em meio à sociedade e, por definição, constituía a virtude de atribuir a cada um o que é seu. Adotando a concepção de justiça enquanto uma prática essencial à caracterização do poder régio, esta tese investiga: o exercício jurídico dos advogados, as redes de sociabilidade que firmaraITI, suas formações universitárias, a composição de suas bibliotecas, suas práticas de leituras, as aprcp!"iações que faziam destas nos pleitos judiciais, a influência e os desdobraITIentos da política iTIodemizadora pombalina no âmbito do ensino e da justiça. Trata, portanto, da conjunção das políticas da Coroa portuguesa com aspectos socioculturais dos advogados em um microcosmo da justiça local de Vila Rica e Mariana / Abstract: This PhD thesis al1alyses the sacio-cultural practices of a group of lawyers il1 Vila Rica (the fom1er name of Ouro Preto) and Mariana in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, between 1750 and 1808. It aims at identifying how the social relationships and schooling of these men of letters, in various ways, interfered in and detenTIined the practice of justice. Justice constituted the principal means by which the society recognized and accepted the power of the Portuguese crown, and ,by definition, represented the virtue of assigning to each what belonged to him/her. Adopting the conception of Justice as a practice essential to the identification ofthe king's power, this investigation includes the legal activities of these lawyers, the social networks they established, their university education, the libraries that they established, their reading habits and the adaptations that they brought into court disputes, as well as the influence and implications of the Marques de Pombal's modemizing policy on issues of teaching and-justice. Therefore, this work deals with the corre1ation between Portuguese Crowl1 policies and lawyers' socio-cultura1 issues in a microcosm of local justice in Vila Rica and mariana / Doutorado / Historia Cultural / Doutor em História

This thesis examines how the law dealt with international fugitives. It focuses on formal extradition and the cross-border abduction of wanted criminals by police officers and other state officials. Debates over extradition and abduction reflected important issues of state power and civil liberty, and were shaped by currents of thought circulating throughout the imperial, Atlantic, and common law worlds. Debates over extradition involved questioning the very basis of international law. They also raised difficult questions about civil liberties and human rights. Throughout this period escaped American slaves and other groups made claims for what we would now call refugee status, and argued that their surrender violated codes of law and ideas of justice that transcended the colonies and even the wider British Empire. Such claims sparked a decades-long debate in North America and Europe over how to codify refugee protections. Ultimately, Britain used its imperial power to force Canada to accept such safeguards. Yet even as the formal extradition system developed, an informal system of police abductions operated in the Canadian-American borderlands. This system defied formal law, but it also manifested sophisticated local ideas about community justice and transnational legal order. This thesis argues that extradition and abduction must be understood within three overlapping contexts. The first is the ethos of liberal transnationalism that permeated all levels of state officials in British North America/Canada. This view largely prioritised the erosion of domestic barriers to international cooperation over the protection of individual liberty. It was predicated in large part on the idea of a common North American civilization. The second context is Canada’s place in the British Empire. Extradition and abduction highlight both how British North America/Canada often expounded views on legal order radically different from Britain, but also that even after Confederation in 1867 the empire retained real power to shape Canadian policy. The final context is international law and international legal order. Both extradition and abduction were aspects of law on an international and transnational level. As a result, this thesis examines the processes of migration, adoption, and adaptation of international law.

This thesis examines how the law dealt with international fugitives. It focuses on formal extradition and the cross-border abduction of wanted criminals by police officers and other state officials. Debates over extradition and abduction reflected important issues of state power and civil liberty, and were shaped by currents of thought circulating throughout the imperial, Atlantic, and common law worlds. Debates over extradition involved questioning the very basis of international law. They also raised difficult questions about civil liberties and human rights. Throughout this period escaped American slaves and other groups made claims for what we would now call refugee status, and argued that their surrender violated codes of law and ideas of justice that transcended the colonies and even the wider British Empire. Such claims sparked a decades-long debate in North America and Europe over how to codify refugee protections. Ultimately, Britain used its imperial power to force Canada to accept such safeguards. Yet even as the formal extradition system developed, an informal system of police abductions operated in the Canadian-American borderlands. This system defied formal law, but it also manifested sophisticated local ideas about community justice and transnational legal order. This thesis argues that extradition and abduction must be understood within three overlapping contexts. The first is the ethos of liberal transnationalism that permeated all levels of state officials in British North America/Canada. This view largely prioritised the erosion of domestic barriers to international cooperation over the protection of individual liberty. It was predicated in large part on the idea of a common North American civilization. The second context is Canada’s place in the British Empire. Extradition and abduction highlight both how British North America/Canada often expounded views on legal order radically different from Britain, but also that even after Confederation in 1867 the empire retained real power to shape Canadian policy. The final context is international law and international legal order. Both extradition and abduction were aspects of law on an international and transnational level. As a result, this thesis examines the processes of migration, adoption, and adaptation of international law.