L'engagement de Gabrielle Roy n'ayant pas toujours été considéré comme allant de soi, ce mémoire se veut en quelque sorte une mise au point sur la question. En suivant la progression de deux tendances significatives qui traversent l'œuvre de la romancière, soit la subjectivation de la voix et la nuance du discours, notre recherche vise à mieux comprendre le rapport complexe que l'écrivaine entretient dans ses livres avec les enjeux de domination et à retracer, à même l'œuvre, l'évolution de son engagement pour la justice sociale. Notre hypothèse veut qu'il y ait non seulement un processus de nuance du discours au fil de la carrière romanesque de Gabrielle Roy, mais que celui-ci est indissociable du phénomène de subjectivation de la voix qui se trace en parallèle et que c'est précisément là, dans cette tension réconciliée par l'écriture, que se trouve le véritable engagement régien pour la cause des groupes dominés. Pour apporter des éléments de réponse à cette hypothèse, nous posons notre regard sur trois « chapitres » de la carrière romanesque de Gabrielle Roy (Bonheur d'occasion [1945], Rue Deschambault [1955] et La détresse et l'enchantement, [1984]) pour ainsi retracer l'évolution des stratégies narratives et stylistiques permettant à l'écrivaine de protéger son intégrité tout en forgeant un plaidoyer implicite en faveur de l'égalité et de l'inclusion.

Within the last three decades, contemporary North America came to reinvent a socially focused genre of literary personal narratives. These new editorial and writing projects, published in the form of collections of personal narratives, emerged as a tool for the socially voiceless to secure some measure of agency in their contemporary social and cultural situation. Projects such as the Freedom Writers’ Diary or volumes of the Voice of Witness book series fit in the process that is currently labeled social empowerment. Witnesses express a deep urge to share their story in the hope to denounce their experience of an enduring social injustice. The written word, primary a means for self-disclosure, serves to exorcise the suffering associated to this specific predicament. The narrators engage in a powerful self-investigative gesture oriented towards resilience and renewed enfranchisement in regaining control over their life and environment. At the moment of publication, however, these testimonies come to be validated as authentic examples of the injustices they disclose. These examples serve an educational purpose: raising the audience’s awareness and opening deliberative fora for these issues to be discussed and for solutions to be hammered out and eventually implemented. <p>The purpose of this dissertation is to propose a theoretical model for the subgenre of testimonials of social empowerment. With the concept of empowerment as groundwork, the model develops a textual approach framed in a psychosocial structure. I argue that testimonials may be described as examples of Jürgen Habermas’s communicative action. As speech acts aimed at reaching understanding, testimonials capitalize both on the binding and bonding aspects of illocutionary force in the hope to secure with their audience an ongoing dialogue over issues of social justice. The volumes, as unofficial public spheres, mobilize the normative and practical dynamics at work in social movements. These dynamics express as two narrative guiding threads: an aesthetic based on impact, and an ethics based on responsibility. The texts’ aesthetic develops a form of perlocutionary realism instantiating a sense of authenticity and sincerity embodied in the narrators’ voices. The resulting impact is coupled to moral concerns based on a polysemic understanding of social responsibility, on which narrators seek to build their narratives’ ethical potential. A series of case studies allowed to demonstrate that both narrative threads are realized as an appropriation of four paradigmatic forms of rhetorical ethos, each based on a specific realm of the social world: intimacy, justice, spirituality and activism.<p> / Doctorat en Langues et lettres / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished