Objective of the work is to explain general meaning and basic principles of Katas followed by research them in concrete Martial Arts. Object of research are the Katas in Karate, Judo and Iaido, where I will also explain their methodology of practice. Next I will compare Theory and Methodology of Katas in these particular Martial Arts by each other. The work it self consist from theoretical part, which contains general characteristic of Katas, history and characterstic particullary researched Martial Arts and their Katas. Practical part is formed by methodology of their training and practice and folowed by comparing of the Katas. On the end of the work you can find appendix contains photos. Main appendix is videorecorded these Katas: Nanahon me from Iaido, Nage no Kata from Judo and Gekisai Dai Ichi from Karate with grounding excercises of San Dan Gi and Renzoku Kumite and Kata Sanchin including practice Sanchin Shime from karate.\\

Comment l’interprétation d’un texte canonique, lors de sa conversion en cours d’action gestuel, permet-elle de faire persister diachroniquement la forme de vie d’un collectif et de la faire adopter par ses membres ? Cette recherche se fonde sur l’observation participante de deux pratiques ritualisées : le Karatedo et la Franc-maçonnerie, et sur leur « description dense » selon Clifford Geertz. A partir des données ainsi constituées, l’élaboration théorique fait appel à la formule canonique des mythes de Claude Lévi-Strauss, à un modèle de construction des certitudes par les institutions proposé par Mary Douglas et à la notion d’ « instauration » chez Etienne Souriau. Il en résulte un modèle descriptif : un dispositif d’espaces-temps successifs articulant texte et pratique, une syntagmatique modale persuasive et un processus selon lequel le cours d’action, à partir d’un proto-monde sémiotique proposé par la pratique, permet l’instauration d’un monde sémiotique. Cette instauration, englobant la substance et réalisant une prise de forme cohérente du signifiant en même temps qu’une prise de forme congruente du signifié, résulte de fait en transmission efficiente de la forme de vie. Ce processus a les caractéristiques d’un système autopoiétique, selon la notion théorique ainsi désignée par Maturana et Varela. / How does the interpretation of a canonical text by its conversion into a gestural practice allow the diachronic persistence of a community’s pattern of life and the adoption of this pattern of life by the members of this community? This research is grounded in the participant observation of two ritualised practices: Karatedo and Free-masonry, more precisely on their « thick description » according to Clifford Geertz. From the data provided by these descriptions, the construction of a model makes use of the canonical formula of myth by Claude Lévi-Strauss, of the institution of certainty according to Mary Douglas and of the concept of « instauration » by Etienne Souriau. The resulting model describes a process based on the succession of space-times articulating text and practice, a persuasive syntagm of modalities and the instauration of a semiotic world on the basis of a proto-semiotic world provided by the ritualised practice. This process converts the substance of the signifier according to a consistency and that of the signified according to a congruency, thus resulting in the transmission of the pattern of life. This process has the properties of an autopoietic system, according to the theoretical concept named as such by Maturana and Varela.

The object of this thesis is to ascertain the influence of the basic combatant sports on the fitness of the pupils in the first degree of elementary school. For this purpose training programme karatedo was created on the basis of my experience and experience of many specialists (trainers and scholars). Their valuable advices and observartions have been an inspiration for my work. Gathered information were then properly analysed in the thesis. On this ground an educational programme have been established. It could serve as a useful instrument not only for the teachers and trainers but also for others interested in this area.Before establishing the actual programmme, It had been necessary to examine the pupils' condition in order to be able to define the inicial and final level of pupils's fitness. For this reason the compilation of tests of motoric performance and fitness called EUROFIT was applied. Obtained information were recorded and on the basis of the results the final resume on the influence of the basic combatant sports on the fitness of the pupils in the first degree of elementary school was elaborated.