• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 2
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • 1
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

An Evaluation of Conduit Conceptualizations and Model Performance

Hill, Melissa Estelle 08 April 2008 (has links)
The karst research community has known that traditional numerical groundwater flow codes ignore the non-Darcian, dual-permeability components of flow that can occur in karst aquifers. In this study, the potential limitations of using such tools are quantified by evaluating the relative performances of 3 groundwater flow models at a test-site near Weeki Wachee, Florida, in the dual-permeability Upper Floridan aquifer. MODFLOW-2005 and MODFLOW-2005 Conduit Flow Process (CFP), a Darcian/non-Darcian, dual-permeability groundwater flow code recently developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, are used in this study. A monitoring program consisting of discharge measurements and high frequency data from 2 springs and monitoring wells penetrating the matrix and conduit networks of a karst aquifer was initiated to characterize the test-site and constrain new parameters introduced with MODFLOW-2005 CFP. The monitoring program spanned conditions prior to, during, and following convective and tropical storm activity, and a drought. Analytical estimates for Reynolds numbers, ranging from 105 to 106, suggest that turbulent flow occurs in portions of the underlying conduit network. The direction and magnitude of fluid exchange observed between the matrix and conduit network indicate the conduit network underlying the test-site drains the matrix. Head differences and observed responses in monitoring wells penetrating the matrix and conduit network indicate that the hydraulic conductivities between the 2 networks do not significantly differ from each other. A conceptual model for the spatial distribution of preferential flow pathways using multiple data types, including shallow recession limbs observed in discharge hydrographs indicate a slow responding aquifer with a high storage capacity, and a poorly integrated conduit drainage network with little to no point recharge. Model performances were evaluated by comparing observed hydrographs for discharge and monitoring wells penetrating the matrix and conduit network following convective and tropical storm events, and drought conditions, to simulated values from transient simulations. Model statistics for 32 target wells and sensitivity analysis were included in the evaluation. The dual-permeability model using the MODFLOW-2005 CFP Mode 1 displayed the highest performance with improved matches ranging from 12 to 40% between simulated and observed discharges relative to the laminar and laminar/turbulent equivalent-continuum models.
2

Développement d'une sonde aquatique autonome pour la cartographie des drains karstiques noyés. Simulation des écoulements dans les aquifères karstiques par une approche couplée drains discret - double porosité. / Development of an underwater autonomous probe to map drowned karst conduit. Simulations of groundwater flow in karst aquifers by a hybrid discret conduit - double porosity approach.

Hakoun, Vivien 13 December 2013 (has links)
Il est communément admis que les écoulements dans les aquifères karstiques sont particulièrement concentrés dans les conduits et les fractures principaux. Dans ce travail, on cherche à décrire le comportement du flux à différentes échelles. A l'échelle locale, on considère une modélisation des écoulements en milieu continu. A cela s'ajoute à l'échelle régionale l'inclusion de drains comme éléments discrets (approche hybride). Nous avons recours pour ceci à l'utilisation d'un modèle d'écoulement défini par des équations aux dérivées partielles qui décrivent l'écoulement dans un milieu à double-porosité. La solution analytique de ce modèle nous permet d'étudier les phases de transition des flux selon une condition à la limite de type charge imposée. Cela correspond à une perturbation hydraulique tel qu'un puits maintenu à charge constante. Afin d'inclure des conditions aux limites spécifiques (par exemple une limite imperméable) et une géométrie de domaine irrégulière, nous développons et employons un modèle numérique basée sur la méthode des éléments intégrales de frontière. Ceci permet de mettre en oeuvre l'approche hybride (milieu continu et discret) dans laquelle nous considérons les intersections entre conduits verticaux et horizontaux. Ce type de modélisation permet ainsi de considérer une échelle plus importante qu'un modèle continu seul.Par ailleurs, un modèle expérimental de laboratoire est conçu et réalisé afin d'étudier expérimentalement les phases de transition du flux issu de milieux hétérogènes. Cette approche est complémentaire de celle développée à l'aide de la solution analytique et du modèle numérique.Enfin, nous proposons le développement et les essais préliminaires d'un nouvel instrument de mesure. Il s'agit d'une sonde autonome qui a pour objectif de cartographier les conduits noyés dans les aquifères karstiques. Ainsi la géométrie des drains discrets pourra être représentée de façon plus réaliste dans le modèle numérique hybride.Les conclusions principales de ce travail sont les suivantes : à l'échelle locale et régionale, les phases de transition du flux dépendent des propriétés hydrauliques du milieu. La solution numérique permet d'étudier l'influence des géométries de domaine et de conditions aux limites complexes. Le modèle expérimental permet de reproduire qualitativement les phases de transition du flux analysées théoriquement. Enfin, la sonde permet de cartographier son parcours dans des conditions expérimentales contrôlées. Ces nouvelles méthodes contribuent à la caractérisation de l'hydrodynamique dans les aquifères karstiques. / Groundwater flow in karst aquifers is mainly concentrated into the principals hydraulic features such as conduits and fractures. This work is devoted to the description of the flow behavior at different scales. At the local scale, we model the groundwater flow with a continuum approach. At the regional scale however, we describe the groundwater flow by mean of a hybrid modeling approach that considers discret conduits and a multi continuum approach.We use in this work a groundwater flow model based on the double porosity approach. The analytical solution of this model allows to investigate the different flow transitions phases that are present when a constant head boundary condition is applied, for instance at a well.In order to include different boundary conditions as well as specific domain geometries, we apply in this work a boundary element method to solve the partial differential equations that describe our problem. This allows to further investigate the hybrid model (discret element and multi continuum) in which we consider discret intersections of vertical conduits with horizontal conduits. This modeling approach allows to consider a broader scale that the local scale to describe groundwater flow in karst aquifers.Asides, a physical experiment is developped in order to study experimentally the transition phases of the flow which comes from a heterogeneous reservoir. This approach is complementary to those developped with the analytical and the numerical studies. Finally, a new measuring instrument is developped and early field trials were carried out in this work. This new sensor is an autonomous underwater probe which aims to map unaccessible drowned karst conduits. With this tool, the geometry of the karst conduits will be more realisticly represented in the hybrid numerical model.The main conclusions of this work are the following : at the local and regional scales, the transition periods in the flux depend of the hydraulic properties of the reservoir. The numerical solution allow to study the influence of various complex domain geometries and boundary conditions. The physical experiment allows to reproduce qualitatively the transition periods in laboratory conditions. Finally, the autonomous sensor allows to map its path in controlled field conditions.These new approaches and methods contributes to the caracterisation of the hydrodynamical behavior of karst aquifers.

Page generated in 0.0617 seconds