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Predisposing factors of chronic low back pain (CLBP) among sedentary office workers (SOW) in Nairobi, Kenya.Mukandoli, Kumuntu January 2004 (has links)
Chronic low back pain is a highly prevalent condition in industrialized nations. It is associated with activity limitations, disability, has significant economic impact on society and incurs personal cost. Today's working environment increasingly demands more time spent sitting due to computerization and other advances in technology. Sitting for hours without taking breaks may influence posture, and alignment of the lumbar spine. Therefore, it may influence low back pain. Kenya as a developing country has an increasing number of people involved in sedentary work. The aim of this study was to identify the predisposing factors of chronic low back pain among sedentary office workers in Nairobi. The main objectives were to establish the prevalence of chronc low back pain / to determine the possible predisposing factors of chronic low back pain and to determine the impact of chronic low back pain on work related quality of life among sedentary office workers in Nairobi, Kenya.
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Assessing the influence of different early childhood development models on pre-school children's school readiness in KenyaNgaruiya, Samuel. 10 April 2008 (has links)
This comparative study explored the influence of different pre-school models on school readiness among pre-school children from different urban socio-economic status (SES) neighbourhoods. The study sampled 207 pre-school children attending different pre-school models in different SES neighbourhoods within the city of Nairobi in Kenya. In the study, school readiness was conceived as the ability of children to learn and handle primary school tasks. Assessment was done through teachers' rating of children's level of developmental and fitnctional skills using a School Readiness Assessment Instrument (SRAI), which was adopted and modified from the Early Development Instrument (EDI). The study compared school readiness outcomes amongst pre-schoolers aged five and six years. School readiness outcome was also correlated with the level of developmentally appropriate practice of the different pre-schools, assessed through observation and interviews. Major findings from this study were that, pre-school children who attended Private pre-school models outperformed their peers from public pre-schools in school readiness scores and children from low SES neighbourhoods had lower school readiness scores compared with children from middle and high SES neighbourhoods. The study recommends a paradigm shift from an academically oriented pre-school model to one that embrace a holistic approach in program and assessment of children's school readiness. It also recommends further studies on the influence of cultural variations on school readiness and primary school readiness to receive pre-schoolers.
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The social life of miraa : farming, trade, and consumption of a plant stimulant in KenyaCarrier, Neil January 2003 (has links)
This thesis traces the paths and trajectories that one substance - the plant stimulant Catha edulis (Forssk.), known in Kenya as 'miraa' - takes in the course of its 'social life' from production, through exchange, to its points of consumption. The thesis attempts to draw out the richness in this social life through an in-depth ethnographic examination of these trajectories, emphasising in particular their socially-embedded nature. By following an approach influenced by the volume The social life of things (Appadurai [ed.] 1986) the thesis is able to tease out much of the significance the substance has for those people who animate its social life. The trajectories covered vary greatly in range, from those involving local consumption in the area in which it is grown - the Nyambene Hills district of Kenya - to those that take it thousands of miles away to Europe and North America. The vast range of the substance allows for the generation of many different meanings and associations, and many of these are brought out over the course of the thesis. The trade of the substance (trade that relies much on trust) and its consumption are seen as in many ways socially cohesive, while in other respects socially divisive: while substances like miraa can build bridges, they can also build fences. Of especial importance to the thesis is the character of Nicholas, whose relationship with miraa demonstrates how individuals can take on board shared meanings concerning a substance, whilst creating many new meanings of their own through processes of convergence and divergence. The study addresses both the significance of miraa and its social life for wider debates in anthropology and its significance within the lives of farmers, traders, and consumers, and anyone engaged in debating its merits.
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Factors affecting the use of malaria prevention methods among pregnant women in Kenya.Choonara, Shakira 01 October 2013 (has links)
Abstract Background In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. An estimated 15 million malaria cases and 40 000 malaria deaths were reported in Kenya. Malaria during pregnancy is associated with adverse health outcomes for both the mother as well as her foetus. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between socioeconomic correlates and the uptake of malaria prevention methods during pregnancy.
Methodology: Data was drawn from the 2008-2009 Kenya Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8098 women aged 15-49 were analysed. Stata version 12 was used for the management and analysis of data. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to meet the objectives of this study.
Results: Forty-eight percent of women made use of Insecticide Treated Net (ITNs), 52 percent were administered with Intermittent Preventative Therapy (IPTp) and 36 percent made use of both measures during pregnancy. Multivariate results indicate that urban women were found to display slightly higher odds of ITN usage (1.13) and the combined usage of ITNs and IPTp (1.22) during pregnancy in comparison to rural women. Women with higher levels of education and women from middle income and rich households displayed higher odds of the uptake of these malaria prevention methods during pregnancy.
Conclusion: This study has shown that socioeconomic indicators influence the usage of malaria prevention methods during pregnancy. It is therefore imperative that these factors be considered when designing and implementing policies aimed at improving the uptake of these measures during pregnancy.
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Mediating the nation-building agenda in public service broadcasting: convergence active user-generated content (AUGC) for television in KenyaAmbala, Anthony Terah January 2016 (has links)
A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, 2016 / The
violence, destruction and
death
of
more
than
1
200
people
resulting
from
the
highly
disputed
2007
election
results
in
Kenya
was
a
considerable
watershed
moment.
It
exposed
the
deep
fragmentation
within
the
nation-‐state
and
became
a
significant
fissure
for
the
simmering
tensions
among
the
42
“tribes”
of
Kenya.
In
the
media-‐scape,
these
events
evinced
the
elitist
and
tribal
hegemony
in
media
ownership
and
revealed,
more
than
ever
before,
that
certain
voices
and
narratives
were
privileged
over
others.
These
events
also
unmasked
recurrent
motifs,
which
illuminated
the
stranglehold
that
the
political,
media
and
economic
elites
wielded
over
media
instruments
and
platforms,
for
their
own
benefit.
This
study
aims
to
explore
the
extent
to
which
active
user-‐generated
content
in
the
digital
media
space
can
intervene
in,
and
disrupt,
some
of
these
exclusionary
practices
in
the
public
service
mediascape,
to
potentially
inspire
a
re-‐imagination
in
this
space
for
nation
building
in
Kenya.
It
is
premised
on
a
participatory
action
research
approach
that
draws
on
theoretical
discourse
on
nationalism
and
nation
building,
as
this
is
the
field
from
which
the
study’s
key
problems
stem
and
where
conceptual
discourses
on
digital
media
converge.
The
study
also
draws
on
participatory
discourses
in
the
media,
as
these
potentially
present
an
emancipatory
platform
for
those
on
the
margins
of
the
hegemonic
centres.
Here
it
mainly
draws
on
Bhabha’s
cultural
difference
theory,
Billig’s
banal
nationalisms,
Jenkins’
ideas
on
convergence
culture,
Carpentier’s
thoughts
on
maximalist
media
participation
and
Thumim’s
assertions
on
self-‐representation
in
the
digital
space.
The
study
also
hinges
on
the
practice-‐informed
pilot
project
titled
Utaifa
Mashinani
Masimulizi
ya
Ukenya
(UMMU)
digital
narratives,
co-‐created
by
the
researcher
together
with
the
Abakuria
(the
Kuria
people)
of
Kenya.
This
is
a
community
marginally
represented
in
the
public
service
broadcasting-‐scape
in
Kenya
and
a
people
whose
narrative
discourse
is
seldom
present
in
the
public
sphere.
The
study
argues
that
broadcast
content
–
not
just
in
Kenya
but
also
in
Africa
–
on
User
Generated
Content
(UGC)
for
broadcasting
predominantly
focuses
on
passive
forms
of
UGC
rather
than
Active
User
Generated
Content
(AUGC)
-‐
a
term
coined
in
this
study
to
refer
to
user-‐generated
content
that
entails
a
more
meaningful,
emancipatory
and
empowering
form
of
participation
amongst
those
traditionally
referred
to
as
consumers
of
broadcast
content.
It
contends
that
although
many
contemporary
television
broadcasters
around
the
world
continue
to
create
a
perception
of
increasing
and
robust
audience
participation
in
televised
content,
in
Kenya
this
is
certainly
not
the
case.
It
argues
that
significant
forms
of
current
participation
on
television
are
illusionary,
minimalist
and
futile,
as
they
largely
entrench
television’s
balance
of
power
among
the
media
elites.
Ordinary
people
are
often
‘invited’
to
participate
in
broadcasting,
but
their
entry
point
into
these
narratives
tends
to
be
limited
to
accessing
already-‐completed
narratives
and
engaging
in
what
constitutes
token
participation,
with
minimal,
and
in
most
cases,
no
impact
on
the
story,
its
conception,
distribution
and
socio-‐ economic
benefits.
Drawing
on
insights
from
the
UMMU
project,
the
study
proposes
that
AUGC
can
potentially
disrupt
some
of
the
existing
tropes
and
motifs
in
the
Public
Service
Mediascape
opening
up
spaces
for
multiple
and
diverse
voices
and
narratives
in
Kenya.
This
potentially
enables
active
participation
from
constituencies
that
have
traditionally
been
on
the
margins
of
the
Kenyan
nation-‐state
to
partake
in
the
nation
building
process. / XL2018
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236 |
Sites and services : a strategy for Kenyan urban development.Beardmore, Richard Murdoch January 1978 (has links)
Thesis. 1978. M.C.P.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Bibliography: leaves 159-164. / M.C.P.
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237 |
The social organization of the Galla of northern KenyaBaxter, Paul Trevor William January 1954 (has links)
No description available.
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238 |
On self-help in a site and services project in KenyaSoni, Praful Naran January 1980 (has links)
Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1980. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references. / The concept of self-help in a site and services project is based on the assumption that given the security of land tenureship_, an owner-builder can manage the whole process of house implementation. Generally, in any sponsored site and services project this assumption is supported by "aid" ; that is, the sponsor provides some financial and/or technical assistance. while this "aid" is minimum, often provided in the form of infrastructure, serviced plots, and some cash for purchasing building materials, it is assumed that such "aid" would assist the owner-builder in implementing the dwelling on the serviced plot. It is also assumed that the planning and construction of the dwelling would be carried out throughout the dweller's own decision-making and self-help efforts. In theory, the concept is valid. It is also adopted in most of the site and services projects in East Africa. Self-help is assumed to contribute towards economic savings, mobilization of human resources, increase in community spirit and group participation and to achieve a host of other benefits. This study looks at one such site and services project in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya. Through several in-depth case histories of carefully selected allottee families from the Dandora Community Development Project, a site and services project in Nairobi, the thesis shows the actual form(s) and practice of self-help. Several allottees were interviewed to understand further the real nature of self-help. That is, who did what, when, how and at what cost. Other inquiry was on the background and characteristics of the allottees' families, their approach to house planning and construction, characteristics and economics of construction, self - help practice amongst different: groups of allottees', cost and benefits of self-help and some impact of the rules of the Dandora Community Development Department (DCDD) in house implementation. The study presents several case histories of immigrant families in the process of urbanization in Nairobi. The cases trace the path of these low-income families from squatter settlements to the site and services project, emphasizing the element of self-help underlying the process of settlement. The actual role of an owner-builder is different from some of the assumptions held on self-help housing. The hard line of economic cost and benefits, as perceived in theory, does not necessarily hold true and neither do other assumptions on self - help applications in the site and services project. Chapters 1 and 2 present some background to the study, the research method employed and some of the theoretical constructs underlying the concept of self-help. In Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 findings of the field research are presented. Specifically, different forms of self-help, their characteristics, practice, costs and benefits, and some illustrations as observed in the site and services project are presented. All the material covered under these Chapters is an outcome of the author's intensive field research on the allottees of the Dandora Community Development Project, from later 1978 to mid 1979. In· Chapter 8 the uses, costs, and benefits of the dwellings completed by means of the various self-help forms are further articulated. In the final Chapter the findings on actual self-help practices are compared with the held on self-help. This analysis is followed by major conclusions drawn from the study. / by Praful Naran Soni. / M.Arch.
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239 |
The grassroots response to HIV/AIDS in Nyanza Province, Kenya : an analysis of the community-based approach for combating the multisectoral impact of an epidemicJohnson, Becky A. 29 May 2003 (has links)
From July to September, 2002 I spent ten weeks in Kenya conducting full-time
research on the macroeconomic impact of HIV/AIDS and community action towards
combating the epidemic in locations dominated by members of the Luo tribe in
Nyanza Province, Kenya. Gathering data from both the Ministry of Health and non-governmental
organizations, I sought to identify the causations and impact of the
HIV/AIDS epidemic from a holistic framework.
Serving as a pilot study for future research and program evaluation, my
research primarily focused on four community-based organizations (CBOs) and
Ministry of Health offices located in Kisumu, Nyando, Rachuonyo, and Migori
Districts. My research objectives were to explore the cultural and economic variables
related to the spread of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, identify which sectors of society
were negatively impacted by the epidemic, record community action in response to
these impacts, investigate obstacles related to implementation of such interventions,
and share research and recommendations with the Ministry of Health and CBOs in
Nyanza Province in a way that was meaningful and useful to them.
Several qualitative and ethnographic methods were utilized. Participant
observation was the principal method used and consisted of a wide range of activities.
Additionally, I conducted sixteen formal semi-structured interviews, approximately
thirty informal unstructured interviews, and one focus group discussion with nine
youth.
I found that community-based organizations and the Ministry of Health
engaged in a wide variety of activities in response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic
including providing Home Based Care to the sick and dying through trained
community health workers; training individuals in income-generating activities to
provide support for the organizations, the infected and affected, and as a means of
prevention of new infections; and providing education to the communities at large.
The Ministry of Health and non-governmental organizations also engaged in a
significant level of collaborative work to assist each other with their programs and
ensure there was no duplication of services.
Despite considerable organizational efforts by both the governmental and non-profit
sectors, these groups faced a number of different obstacles in their mobilization
efforts including limited funding, transportation obstacles in visiting HIV/AIDS
clients, and difficulties in convincing individuals to change their behaviors.
Individuals interviewed cited a number of factors related to the spread of HIV/AIDS
including wife inheritance, wife cleansing, poverty, commercial sex work, and
distance marriages. Limited access to voluntary counseling and testing (VCT)
services was also an obstacle in a number of communities. Additionally, I found a
positive association between access to VCT services, perceptions of people living with
HIV/AIDS, and social support for the infected.
Based on my findings I concluded that individuals' behavior resulting in the
transmission of HIV/AIDS is not solely related to lack of knowledge. Circumstances,
especially related to poverty, lead to actions such as exchanging sex for money,
distance marriages, early marriages for females, and wife inheritance. In order for
HIV/AIDS prevalence to be reduced in Kenya, there must be active participation at all
levels and from all sectors of society, including from community members
themselves, community-based organizations, the Government of Kenya, and
international governmental and non-governmental assistance organizations.
Among my recommendations I propose the expansion of voluntary counseling
and testing services to make it easier for individuals in rural areas to know their HIV
status. I also advocate for a holistic and multisectoral response to HIV/AIDS
prevention and support for the infected and affected, including through Home Based
Care and social support for the infected, support for AIDS orphans, prevention of
mother-to-child transmission, effective HIV/AIDS education, reducing poverty
through income-generating activities, making school educations accessible for all
children, and improving the overall state of health and access to health facilities for all
individuals. / Graduation date: 2004
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The social institutions of the Kipsigi tribePeristiany, John George January 1938 (has links)
No description available.
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