Thesis (MTech (Business Administration (Entrepreneurship))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / Given good conditions, women can run businesses, support their families and the community, and contribute to economic growth. The lack of women’s involvement in entrepreneurship is a huge loss to the nation and society. Women make up 51.83% of the population in Rwanda, but are underrepresented in business – largely due to social customs, religion, and cultural beliefs. Society perceives women as too weak to conduct business, and prefers them to be confined to housekeeping activities and dependency on men. Interestingly, literature indicates that involving women in entrepreneurial activities help. Despite this, women in Rwanda have broken the barrier and started up business. However, they face many challenges; their businesses remain small scale compared to their counterparts. The aim of this study is to determine the challenges experienced by women entrepreneurs in Kigali. This research is significant because it attempts to identify the challenges to entrepreneurship in Kigali, by allowing the voices of women entrepreneurs to be heard. The study uses a quantitative descriptive approach. The target population was women in formal and informal business in the districts of Gasabo, Kicukiro, and Nyarugenge in the city of Kigali. A self-administered structured questionnaire was used to obtain data from 398 women entrepreneurs after obtaining their informed written consent. The data was analysed using recent Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. Findings were interpreted and discussed in a numerical narrative featuring frequency, percent, valid percent, cumulative percent, mean, and standard deviation. The results show that women entrepreneurs in Kigali experience more challenges, among others including: High shop rentals, lack of start-up capital, lack of collateral to obtain a loan, high taxes, high interest rate and high transport, and a lack of information technology skills. This study has uncovered that women entrepreneurs face a lot of challenges while running their business in Kigali. Fortunately, the solution is within reach. For instance, women entrepreneurs themselves, family, society, government, stakeholder, and researchers should work together to eradicate these challenges. Women entrepreneurs should work together in cooperatives to minimise shop rentals, possible access to capital and so forth. In addition, they can leverage their experience and know-how.

Dans la plupart des pays africains, l'accès aux systèmes d'assurance maladie est réservé aux travailleurs du secteur formel. Les travailleurs du secteur informel qui constituent plus de 80 % de la population active du continent se trouvent de ce fait dans une situation de vulnérabilité. Pour faire face aux barrières financières à l'accès aux soins de santé, de nombreux groupes de population africaine ont décidé de développer des formes d'assurances-maladie, telles que les mutuelles de santé. Au Rwanda, pays qui nous intéresse dans le cadre de cette étude, l'idée des mutuelles de santé date des années 1960. Cependant, ce n'est qu'en 1996 qu'elles ont réellement commencé à se développer et actuellement, elles sont implantées dans toutes les provinces du pays. Notre démarche consistait à évaluer le degré de satisfaction des bénéficiaires des mutuelles de santé dans la Mairie de la ville de Kigali au Rwanda et visait à: 1) déterminer les attentes des bénéficiaires des mutuelles de santé en matière de services; 2) déterminer les facteurs qui contribuent à la satisfaction et à l'insatisfaction des bénéficiaires à l'égard des services des mutuelles de santé et 3) proposer des pistes d'actions stratégiques visant l'amélioration des points faibles et le renforcement des points forts des mutuelles de santé. Un devis transversal et observationnel a été retenu étant donné les objectifs visés par l'évaluation et les ressources en présence (temporelles, matérielles, humaines et financières). Une méthodologie qualitative a été privilégiée. Nous nous sommes référés au modèle d'Erin Research Inc. (1988) pour l'évaluation de la satisfaction. Il s'agit d'un modèle multi-attributs comprenant cinq dimensions, à savoir : la rapidité, la courtoisie ou confort, les compétences ou connaissances, l'équité du traitement et les résultats des services reçus. Nous avons mené 48 entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de 36 bénéficiaires des mutuelles de santé, six prestataires de soins et six responsables des centres de santé (CS) choisis aléatoirement dans trois districts de la Mairie de la ville de Kigali (Gasabo, Kicukiro et Nyarugenge). L'analyse des données a été réalisée à l'aide du logiciel N Vivo. Les résultats de notre étude ont révélé que la majorité des bénéficiaires des mutuelles de santé de la Mairie de la ville de Kigali sont satisfaits des services reçus et s'accordent pour affirmer que les mutuelles de santé ont résolu le problème d'accès aux soins de santé. Par ailleurs, les résultats ont révélé qu'en plus des cinq dimensions du modèle d'Erin Research Inc. (1988), l'accessibilité des services, tant financière que géographique représente un élément additionnel qu'il importe de prendre en considération dans la détermination du niveau de satisfaction des bénéficiaires des mutuelles de santé de la Mairie de la ville de Kigali. Pour tous les CS visités, parmi les éléments les plus satisfaisants des services offerts par les mutuelles de santé figurent l'accessibilité financière aux soins de santé et l'équité du traitement. Les éléments les plus contraignants sont: 1) le délai d'attente entre la date d'adhésion et le début d'utilisation des services de santé; 2) l'impossibilité de se faire soigner dans un centre de santé de son choix et 3) les files d'attente dans les centres de santé

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">The present study aimed to examine the demographic, social and health-related factors that are associated with levels of physical activity participation among adults with diabetes mellitus in Kigali, Rwanda.</p> </font></p>

<p><font face="Times New Roman"> <p align="left">The present study aimed to examine the demographic, social and health-related factors that are associated with levels of physical activity participation among adults with diabetes mellitus in Kigali, Rwanda.</p> </font></p>

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The present study aimed to examine the demographic, social and health-related factors that are associated with levels of physical activity participation among adults with diabetes mellitus in Kigali, Rwanda.

Implementation science is a relatively new field focused on ensuring that programs are planned well and then delivered as planned. This thesis describes the implementation process for a nursery-level charity school in Kigali, Rwanda, focusing on the facilitators and difficulties encountered in establishing this school. The research process consisted of interviewing 13 individuals that are a part of the school in question. The researcher transcribed the interviews using an implementation science framework and found trends in their statements that shed light on the establishment of the school. With the help of three coders, the researcher assessed their comments for evidence of helps and hindrances through the implementation process. This thesis presents the results and the implications for implementation science. It will provide valuable information for those wishing to start and maintain grassroots, charitable programs for children in the developing world.

This thesis addresses how government in Rwanda plays out in practice and how it affects lived experiences of state power and citizenship. Two decades after the genocide, Rwanda has come to be associated both with security, development, and stability, on the one hand, and with state repression and coercion, on the other. In 2007, a nationwide programme was launched to teach all Rwandans about the politically dominant vision of the model Rwandan citizen – an ideal that is today pursued through remote trainings camps, local village trainings, and everyday forms of government. The thesis is based on ten months of anthropological research in Rwanda, oriented around three ethnographic spaces: the life and workings of the Itorero training sites, the voices of two dozen Rwandans living in Kigali, and the daily government of a local neighbourhood in Kigali. The findings highlight how certain government practices in Rwanda engender in people experiences of being exposed to the state’s power and violent potential. As such, they represent an authoritarian mode of rule, reproduced through the way experiences of exposure guide everyday actions and behaviour vis-à-vis the state. The thesis starts from the Foucauldian assumption that all relations of power depend on the acceptance and agency of both those holding power and those who relate to themselves as their subjects. In Rwanda, the terms of acceptance are partly grounded in local social realities. Personal memories of mass violence, for example, justify for many the state’s tight social control. Such memories are also actively nurtured by the government itself, by associating the loosening of state control with the risk of renewed violence. Furthermore, in light of Rwanda’s attraction of foreign aid, authoritarian rule needs to be understood in relation to international terms of acceptance, which are embedded in liberal understandings of good, or at least good enough, governance.

Magister Artium (Social Work) - MA(SW) / The researcher's concern for the topic was founded on the fact that previous research on child labour in Rwanda did not qualitatively explore the working and living conditions of child domestic workers in this specific contextual setting. The aim of the study therefore, was to explore the living and working conditions of child domestic workers in a contextual setting of Kigali city and its periphery. To achieve the objectives of this study, a qualitative approach was envisaged, utilizing a case study strategy. The population was selected among child domestic workers in four districts of Kigali city and its periphery. The criteria of selection and reaching participants were snowball sampling and purposive sampling techniques. Data was collected by means of a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions. The collected data was analyzed through a model that is presented as a spiral image including: Collecting and recording data; managing data; reading and writing memos; describing, classifying and interpreting; representing and visualizing (Creswell, 1998: 142-165). In order to increase trustworthiness, triangulation as a process that uses multiple perceptions to clarify meaning, was used through child workers themselves, their employers, neighbours and local authorities. Colleagues helped to verify translations from mother tongue into English. Participants, especially child domestic workers revealed that the main factors pushing them into the job market was poverty and family and socio-political conflicts. Findings concerning working and living conditions also indicate experiences of exploitation and maltreatment. It has also been revealed that most participants were ignorant about children's rights. Finally discussions allowed the researcher to discover what participants and especially child domestic participants were expecting in their future and suggestions of how child domestic work would be abolished.

This research study aims to evaluate how the trilingual policy (Kinyarwanda, French and English) is implemented in Kigali City’s nursery and primary schools in terms of facilitating learners’ cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) development, in both the pre-2008 and post-2008 language policies. It is an exploratory-qualitative-interpretative research study, which analyses the language preference, the age of change-over and the multilingual models adopted and how they contribute to learners’ CALP development. It also analyses the implications of the post-2008 policy. The findings indicated that initial bilingualism, initial trilingualism, early total immersion and gradual transfer models were implemented in the pre-2008 policy; while the post-2008 policy implements early total immersion. The learners’ CALP in both the MT and the AL could be more developed in public schools under the pre-2008 policy due to exposure to Kinyarwanda instruction from the start but it may not be developed fully under the post-2008 policy, because English is used as MOI from the onset of education. / Linguistics / M.A. (Applied Linguistics)

This research study aims to evaluate how the trilingual policy (Kinyarwanda, French and English) is implemented in Kigali City’s nursery and primary schools in terms of facilitating learners’ cognitive academic language proficiency (CALP) development, in both the pre-2008 and post-2008 language policies. It is an exploratory-qualitative-interpretative research study, which analyses the language preference, the age of change-over and the multilingual models adopted and how they contribute to learners’ CALP development. It also analyses the implications of the post-2008 policy. The findings indicated that initial bilingualism, initial trilingualism, early total immersion and gradual transfer models were implemented in the pre-2008 policy; while the post-2008 policy implements early total immersion. The learners’ CALP in both the MT and the AL could be more developed in public schools under the pre-2008 policy due to exposure to Kinyarwanda instruction from the start but it may not be developed fully under the post-2008 policy, because English is used as MOI from the onset of education. / Linguistics and Modern Languages / M.A. (Applied Linguistics)