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This thesis is a sociological historiography which is concerned with human networks and how these evolved and adapted to social change and dislocation in the eighteenth century. The experiences of several Campbell kinship groups who comprised a stratum of minor landed elites in the southwest Highlands are explored and analysed and particularly with regard to the extent to which their network structures assumed a predominantly horizontal spread. This structural alteration was a result ofthe absorption of exogamous ties and also a tendency for interest groups and professional configurations to establish satellite networking cliques and clusters imitative of civic participation and engagement. Although these extraneous ties brought additional stocks of social capital to the networks, these were prudently secured between social peers with strategies of social closure continuing to preserve the integrity of the networks. The nature of the relationships which the ties secured are also considered with regards to a number of conceptual theories which deal with conditions of mutual trust, cooperation, reciprocity, obligations and honour. The greatest challenge to the durability of the networks occurred with the transatlantic migrations and an increase in the volume of colonial trade. From the localised immediacy and intimacy of the Highland kinships the networks adapted to conditions of distanciation so that a networking continuum was sustained thereby linking the transatlantic clusters and cliques. As it was the networking ties not only served as channels of information but as highways which facilitated and stimulated a great deal of mobility. Although these networks may well have mitigated against many of the risks inherent in colonial trade, social closure tended to inhibit access to the wider stocks of opportunity, expertise and knowledge which lay beyond the limiting parameters of what was effectively a closed market.

acase@tulane.edu / This research explores late colonial Guatemalan social relations through the lens of incestuous crime. The topic of incest in New Spain has received some scholarly attention (e.g. Margadant 2001, Jaffary 2007, Penyak 2016). For colonial Central America, incest cases have surfaced in studies on sexual violence (Rodríguez-Sáenz 2005 and Komisaruk 2008). Still, research on incest in both its consensual and non-consensual forms is missing for colonial Guatemala, and this investigation fills the gap. The study is based on data collected from criminal records produced in the secular colonial courts. Feminist and postmodern critiques both within and beyond anthropology have shaped its analysis. Chapter 2 begins with a description of the system of socioracial classification and the culture of honor in Spanish America. This is followed by a discussion of how patriarchal authority could lead to violence against female kin. Chapter 3 charts the evolving definition of incest in canon law and shows its impact on Spanish civil law. It concludes with an examination of the penalties associated with Guatemalan incest trials and their intersections with race, gender, and marital status. Chapter 4 presents the types of incest typically brought to trial and the discourse generated by incest in its various manifestations. It also considers how the nature of kin ties influenced the interpretation of evidence and expectations of how individuals would behave in the courtroom. Chapter 5 explores the malleable nature of colonial Guatemalan kinship and the complications it could cause during incest trials. It then looks at how colonial Guatemalans used kinship in strategic ways. Chapter 6 focuses on how incestuous crime was associated with Indianness and the polarizing effect it would have had on race relations. Overall, this study of incestuous crime highlights how the realm of kinship served to reinforce hierarchies of race and gender. It reveals the subjective and relative nature of kin ties and the strategic actors behind them. It shows a dialectical process in which actors with different conceptions of relatedness and incest confronted one another and created the potential for cultural and legal change. / 1 / Sarah Saffa

Drawing on fieldwork conducted in Ishimura, a small town in Japan’s rural northeastern Iwate Prefecture during the summer of 2012, this thesis pursues two objectives. (1) Building on observations found in recent Western scholarship on the nature of Japanese religious institutions (Covell 2005, Rowe 2011), this thesis contends that Japanese Buddhist temples operating in close-knit rural communities are, in addition to religious and social spaces, inherently domestic spaces characterized by familial networks that link the temple to the parish through real and imagined kinship relations. Family networks also define the internal structuring of temple leadership, consisting of actual nuclear or multigenerational families that live and work at the heart of a community temple. Importantly, these temple families directly influence the community perception of the temple as a religious and social institution. In short, this thesis contends that family defines and families represent community temples. This thesis demonstrates the domestic and familial characteristics of community temples by examining the families at the center of Ishimura’s three Buddhist institutions, Kamidera, Shimodera, and Nakadera. (2) This thesis then turns to explore the contentious nature of community temples as domestic spaces. Specifically, this thesis contends that the familial dynamics that define temple leadership carry potentially “disruptive, disintegrative, and psychologically disturbing” ramifications for temple leadership and parish families. Drawing on the case of Tatsu, the troubled and troublesome vice priest of Nakadera, this thesis seeks to understand how the failed succession of a head priest can generate dysfunction across the broader familial networks that constitute a community temple. The case of Tatsu and Nakadera ultimately illuminates the vulnerabilities inherent to community temples as family-mediated, domestic institutions. / text

The thesis examines thinking about, and experiences of, gender roles and family relationships for the gentry and nobility, particularly through the process of marriage formation. The study draws on a range of sources, including collections of family letters, personal memoirs and prescriptive literature. Some chapters pursue a case study approach to correspondence. Others consider the relationship between published advice and personal attitudes and experience. The study explores whether there were contradictions in thinking on family life, gender, love and marriage, as some historians have claimed, and seeks to disentangle the overlaps and inter-relationships between these broad themes. While family and gender roles were multi-layered and multi-faceted, thinking and practice were neither incoherent nor conflicting. Rather, they were highly complex and treated as such. How marriages were forged and male and female roles in this process and in marriage itself required the balancing of many factors. Prescription recognised this and practice reinforced the need for pragmatism. Moreover, advice was not monolithic, but nuanced according to its purpose and intended audience. Gender roles, family relationships and marriage were varied and manifold within both the realms of rhetoric and experience. There was a strong elision of gender roles, affording women significant scope for decision-making. Family relationships were fluid, underpinned by a heavy dependence on, respect for, and emotional investment in, the extended family. Marriage formation was informed by recognition of the importance of a moral, disciplined love for sustaining marriages and families. The thesis highlights the intricacies of relatively new (although increasingly wellresearched) areas of study for historians. It seeks to undermine a simplistic division between prescription and practice, and between advisers and the advised, and to raise the importance of considering men within the family and facets of female authority.

Bibliography: leaves 283-323. / vi, 323 leaves ; 30 cm. / Title page, contents and abstract only. The complete thesis in print form is available from the University Library. / Explores the social dynamics of and interconnections between identity, relatedness and kinship. Argues that identity is fundamentally implicated in understandings of, conflict over and practices around relatedness and kinship. To study identity with regard to the exigencies of relatedness and kinship, uses adoption as an ethnographic and conceptual vehicle and argues that the cultural constructions and interplays between the biogenetic and the social in circumstances associated with adoption are both contextual and potent in relation to multifarious claims to and persuits of identity. Identity and questions of agency are understood as sites for creative struggles by individual agents, within a matrix of competing, often contradictory social forces, tendencies and processes. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Anthropology, 1999

Thesis (Ph.D.) -- McMaster University, 1997. / Includes bibliographical references. Also available via World Wide Web.