Cette thèse examine différents facteurs ayant permis la reconfiguration de la sphère privée/domestique, considérée comme le domaine non-politique de la famille et de l’intime, en objet crucial de débat politique et en lieu d’action politique légitime dans l’après-seconde guerre mondiale (1945-1973).Au cœur du processus, trois phénomènes majeurs : la militarisation de l’espace civil privé, la résurgence de l’idéal du « foyer chrétien » dans un climat moraliste et familialiste et la valorisation du foyer consumériste, « centre de la liberté », où se jouait la défense du système capitaliste dans le conflit idéologique opposant les États-Unis à l’U.R.S.S. Durant cette période, l’articulation privé-public s’est vue renégociée, à la faveur du phénomène de politisation du privé et du surcroît de légitimité accordé aux enjeux associés à ce domaine et, par extension, aux femmes censées en garantir l’intégrité. Trois études de cas, s’appuyant sur de riches sources archivistiques jusqu’ici largement inexploitées, permettent de prendre la pleine mesure de cette renégociation et de rendre compte de l’adoption de nouvelles formes de pratiques politiques à domicile (‘kitchen-table activism’) par un grand nombre de femmes blanches des classes moyennes-supérieures. Ce mode d’activisme, réconciliant vie domestique, sociabilité féminine et engagement militant, fut mis au service tant des organisations féminines progressistes et conservatrices que des ‘Women’s Divisions’ des partis politiques. Dans quelle mesure son expansion reflétait-t-elle la politisation de ses adeptes et la hausse de leur participation politique durant une période de latence du mouvement féministe ? Leur engagement en marge de la sphère institutionnelle s’est-il accompagné d’un accroissement de leur représentation en politique ? Ou la période a-t-elle vu, au contraire, leur avancée dans ce champ retardée en raison de cette mobilisation fondée sur une vision traditionnelle des femmes et des relations de genre ? / This thesis examines various factors that have led to the reconfiguration of the private / domestic sphere, considered as the non-political domain of the family and the intimate, as a crucial subject for political debate and as a legitimate place of political action in the aftermath At the heart of the process were three major phenomena: the militarization of private civil space, the resurgence of the ideal of the "Christian home" in a moralist and familialist climate, and the valorization of the home Consumerism, the "center of freedom", where the defense of the capitalist system was played out in the ideological conflict between the United States and the USSR During this period, the private-public articulation was renegotiated, thanks to the phenomenon of politicization of the private sector and the additional legitimacy granted to the stakes associated with this domain and, by extension, to the women who are supposed to guarantee the integrity . Three case studies, based on rich archival sources that have so far been largely untapped, make it possible to take full account of this renegotiation and to account for the adoption of new forms of policy-making at home ('kitchen-table activism ') By ​​a large number of white women of the middle-upper classes. This mode of activism, reconciling domestic life, feminine sociability and militant commitment, was put to the service of progressive and conservative women's organizations as well as women's divisions of political parties. To what extent did its expansion reflect the politicization of its followers and the rise of their political participation during a latent period of the feminist movement ? Have their involvement in the margins of the institutional sphere been accompanied by an increase in their representation in politics ? Or did the period, on the contrary, see their advance in this delayed field because of this mobilization based on a traditional view of women and gender relations ?

This project was performed to evaluate if waste heat from hotel kitchens is enough to heat outdoor swimming pools in southern Europe or if it can be used as a compliment to another heat source. Another aim was to analyze the simulations and calculations of the pools and the heat recovery system. Then estimate how much annual costs would be reduced when using the exhaust air in the heat recovery system, in comparison with the original heating system. If the project showed positive results the purpose was to select a waste heat recovery system that can integrate with Ozonetech’s ozone generator, keep a high temperature in the pool and reduce emissions of greenhouse gas by using waste heat. Ozonetech would also conduct a pilot study in Stockholm and eventually develop their own product. A simulation model of three different outdoor pool sizes were conducted. The models were constructed and meshed in COMSOL Multiphysics. Average weather conditions for Malaga, Spain, were implemented in the model. The models were simulated by integrating each physical phenomenon in COMSOL, by using the Multiphysics interface. This created convection, emitted radiation and evaporation as thermal heat losses from the pool models. The pools were simulated to determine heating demand, heating period and required inlet temperature to make up for thermal heat losses. A mathematical model of the thermal heat losses and gains were conducted to easily receive a result for the heat demand each month of the year. A mathematical model of the possible heat recovery from hotel kitchens were performed to determine heat recovery for various kitchen sizes. By knowing the heat demand and possible heat recovery from different kitchens, a heat exchanger was selected. The heat exchanger was selected based on literature review, requirements and discussions with manufacturers. A life cycle cost analysis and calculated payback time compared original heating systems with new heat recovery system. A sensitivity analysis using Gauss error propagation concluded the project. The simulations showed that all investigated outdoor pools require additional heat during the night, due to extensive heating periods. Since the kitchen is only active during the day, the pool requires an additional heat source during the night. This conclude that the new heat exchanger only can replace the original heating system during the day. The mathematical model of the heat transfer from the kitchen determined that the maximum heat capacity approximately is 350 kW ± 10.5 kW. The waste heat can only be used to heat small and medium sized pools, since the heat loss is too great for a large pool. Selected air to water heat exchanger that meets the requirements is an air cooler with finned tubes from Alfa Laval. The fins and the coil should be treated to form an e-coat. After calculating the life cycle cost it was determined not profitable to replace a heat pump for a small pool, since the life cycle cost was greater for the new heating system. However, it is profitable to replace an electric heater with the new heat exchanger together with three of the smallest ozone generators during the day, for a small pool. Costs will be reduced by 44 600 – 202 000 kr ± 5%. Payback time will be 2.4 – 3.2 years ± 9%. It is also profitable to replace a water to water heat exchanger heated with either electricity or oil, during the day, with the new heat exchanger combined with either of the ozone generators for a small pool. Costs will be reduced by 310 000 – 698 000 kr ± 5%. Payback time will be 1.8 – 2.5 years ± 9%. It is profitable to replace all original heating systems during the day with the new heat exchanger combined with either of the ozone generators for medium sized pools. Costs will be reduced by 689 000 – 12 600 000 kr ± 5%. Payback time will be 2.2 – 22 months ± 7%.

This analysis of Tan's first two novels reveals that her female characters suffer from the strains critics like Amy Ling say result from the double paradox of filling the roles of mother or daughter as minority women in a white, male society. Recognizing this double paradox offers Tan's characters, and her readers, the opportunity to resolve the conflicts between mothers and daughters in The Joy Luck Club. Using the theories of psychologist Kathie Carlson helps readers understand how the protagonist of The Kitchen God's Wife resolves similar conflicts with her daughter and her own mother by seeking support from a mythic mother-figure, a Goddess of her own making.

Thesis (M.A.I.S.)--Oregon State University, 2011. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 137-149). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Regarding the great importance of a good working environment, in this research, ventilation systems installed in kitchens of restaurants were studied in order to avoid problems and to understand the key factors that can influence on the performance of the system. The results obtained were taken into account to provide some recommendations to a real ventilation system of a restaurant called Pastaria in Gävle (Sweden). This concrete ventilation system was not performing good, and some calculations based on the kitchen design were made trying to offset the problem. A large number of scientific studies related to restaurant kitchen hoods and ventilation systems were used to get the findings. These articles were obtained from scholar web databases. The main problem found in kitchen hoods is the inadequate exhaust airflow. The minimum required airflow varies depending on the size and shape of the hood. Keil et al. (2004) found in their research that only 39% and 24% of the studied hoods met the minimum recommended airflow from ACGIH and ASHRAE guidelines, respectively. Other key factors found are related to the kitchen design. The kitchen hood is recommended to have incorporated a capture hood covering all the burners. Side panels can be employed to increase the capture and containment. High efficiency filters and rigid ducts are also recommended. The cleaning of the ventilation ducts is also an important factor, they are recommended to be cleaned between 1 to 9 years depending on the activity of the kitchen. Thus, key factors such as disturbing airflows and the presence/movement of the cooks can disturb the kitchen hood performance. A very effective solution, isolating the fumes below the hood, that is getting developed is the installation of an inclined air curtain from the cooking surface. Related to the kitchen hood and the ventilation system of the Pastaria restaurant. Some measurements and information were obtained in a visit to the restaurant. After calculations, it was obtained based on the kitchen design that is required a minimum airflow of 4 140 m3/hour. In order to do that, the heat exchanger Swegon Silver C RX, installed in the system, requires a minimum size of 11/12. The distribution of the kitchen appliances in this restaurant seems to be correct. However, a future study in order to see if there are disturbing airflows affecting the kitchen hood performance must be carried out. If after checking all recommendations the performance of the kitchen hood is not good enough yet, an inclined air curtain may be installed due to their great effectiveness against problems of hoods. In conclusion, it was clearly obtained that a correct kitchen distribution design and calculations must be done for each restaurant in order to install the most adequate kitchen hood with the best characteristics. This way, fumes, odors, moisture and particles will be easily exhausted allowing a better environment out of risks to the establishment and customers health.

The Anthropological Papers of the University of Arizona is a peer-reviewed monograph series sponsored by the School of Anthropology. Established in 1959, the series publishes archaeological and ethnographic papers that use contemporary method and theory to investigate problems of anthropological importance in the southwestern United States, Mexico, and related areas.

Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study is motivated by my own art practice, which exhibits a keen interest in objects and activities historically associated with the domestic, specifically with relation to needlework, in the making or producing of contemporary jewellery. Visual analysis of the work of other contemporary jewellers resulted in my realisation that the use of domestic objects and needlework in contemporary jewellery can refer to the idea of “home” through the use of phenomenological devices such as memory and nostalgia. My own art practice makes specific use of memory and nostalgia, and references trauma as experienced in the home. I investigate these themes specifically as they are depicted in contemporary jewellery. I begin my study by discussing how humans go about forming relationships with the objects with which they surround themselves. I discuss Martin Heidegger’s theory of hermeneutic phenomenology, regarding human interaction with objects and our relationship to them with regard to their specific functionality. I argue that taking the domestic objects out of their context, and in so doing ‘removing’ their functionality, allows the subject (maker, viewer, wearer) to suggest a new ‘background or horizon’ (Thomas 2006: 47) against which the object can now be read and understood. I discuss how jewellery can function as a mnemonic device, and how the domestic objects used in the specific jewellery pieces that I discuss add to this reading, identifying memory and nostalgia as the main devices facilitating a discussion of these themes. From here I work towards a definition of the domestic. By tracing the ways in which the domestic has come to denote a “space” traditionally gendered female, I look at the material culture represented within this “space” and how it relates to women. I draw on Svetlana Boym and Susan Stewart’s thoughts regarding nostalgia and its appearance in contemporary culture. Trauma and how it manifests in individual identities is then discussed with the aid of Michael S. Roth and his discussion surrounding Memory, Trauma, and History (2012). I discuss specific contemporary jewellery projects by Manon van Kouswijk (Lepidoptera Domestica, 2007); Gesine Hackenberg (Ceramic Jewellery, 2006-2011); Esther Knobel (My Grandmother is Knitting too, 2000-2002); and Iris Eichenberg (Heimat,2004). In my final chapter I discuss my own work, and highlight the ways in which I use domestic objects and needlework to reference memory, nostalgia and trauma thematically with relation to my own recollections of home. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Hierdie studie is gemotiveer deur my eie kunspraktyk, wat my belangstelling toon in voorwerpe en aktiwiteite wat histories verband hou met die huis, spesifiek met betrekking tot naaldwerk, in die vervaardiging van kontemporêre juweliersware. Visuele analise van die werk van ander kontemporêre juweliers het gelei tot die besef dat die gebruik van huishoudelike voorwerpe en naaldwerk in kontemporêre juweliersware kan verwys na die idee van "huis" deur die gebruik van fenomenologiese idees soos herinneringe en nostalgie. My kunspraktyk maak spesifiek gebruik van herinneringe en nostalgie, en verwys na trauma soos in die huis ervaar. Ek ondersoek hierdie temas spesifiek soos hulle uitgebeeld word in kontemporêre juweliersware. Ek begin my studie deur die wyses te bespreek waarop mense te werk gaan in die vorming van verhoudings met die voorwerpe waarmee hulle hulself omring. Ek verwys na Martin Heidegger se teorie van hermeneutiese fenomenologie, ten opsigte van menslike interaksie met voorwerpe en die verhouding wat met hulle gevorm word met betrekking tot hul spesifieke funksies. Ek argumenteer dat deur die huishoudelike voorwerpe uit hulle oorspronklike konteks te neem, en sodoende hul funksie te ‘verwyder’, kan die subjek (maker, kyker, draer) 'n nuwe “agtergrond of horison" (Thomas 2006: 47) voor stel waarteen die voorwerp gelees en verstaan kan word. Ek bespreek hoe juweliersware kan funksioneer as 'n mnemoniese toestel, en hoe die huishoudelike voorwerpe wat gebruik word in die spesifieke juweliersware wat ek in hierdie studie bespreek kan toevoeg tot hierdie bespreking, deur die identifisering van herinneringe en nostalgie as die hoof toestelle. Van hier het ek gewerk aan 'n definisie van wat die huishoudelike behels. Deur ondersoek in te stel na die manier waarop die huishoudelike as 'n tradisioneel vroulike "ruimte" geïdentifiseer is, kyk ek na die materiële kultuur verteenwoordig binne hierdie "ruimte" en hoe dit verband hou met vroue. Ek verwys na Svetlana Boym en Susan Stewart se idees rakende nostalgie en die voorkoms daarvan in hedendaagse kultuur. Trauma en die maniere waarop dit in individuele identiteite manifesteer word vervolgens bespreek met die hulp van Michael S. Roth en sy bespreking van “Memory, Trauma, and History” (2012). Ek analiseer spesifieke kontemporêre juwelierswareprojekte deur Manon van Kouswijk (Lepidoptera Domestica, 2007), Gesine Hackenberg (Ceramic Jewellery, 2006-2011), Ester Knobel (My Grandmother is Knitting too, 2000-2002), en Iris Eichenberg (Heimat, 2004). In my laaste hoofstuk bespreek ek my eie werk, en verwys veral die maniere waarop ek huishoudelike voorwerpe en naaldwerk gebruik om tematies na geheue, nostalgie en trauma met betrekking tot my eie herinneringe van die huis te verwys.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2015-04-30T14:53:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Michele L. Uemura.pdf: 1173721 bytes, checksum: 7e9cfc9c787bea066f741638c8b76777 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-30T14:53:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Michele L. Uemura.pdf: 1173721 bytes, checksum: 7e9cfc9c787bea066f741638c8b76777 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-09 / Introduction: According to the Household Budget Survey (HBS) from 2008 to 2009, the percentage of expenditure on food outside the home among the population residing in urban areas was 33.1%. The activity held in commercial kitchens is characterized as a process that uses intensively its workforce, for prolonged periods and in inadequate conditions. The assessment of the levels of pollutants in the Buffet restaurants both in the kitchen and in the hall is relevant for surveying the risk to vulnerable individuals. Methods: Cross-sectional study was done, from May to July 2012, which ten commercial Buffet type restaurants were analyzed, evaluating the air pollutant concentrations within the kitchen and salon service in the city of Santos. Five kitchen staff and five ballroom, totaling 100, were selected in 10 restaurants. The European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) for adults was used to collect morbidity data. The data collection of particulate matter 2.5 ¿m was performed in duplicate, in the kitchens and lounge during food preparation. NO2 passive samplers were placed inside the kitchen and service room thirteen consecutive days in triplicate. Descriptive analyzes were performed for all variables. Quantitative variables were calculated by measures of central tendency and dispersion. Qualitative variables were described in terms of their absolute and relative numbers. The differences between the averages of the pollutants in the kitchen and salon service were done through the testing u t test, Mann-Whitney test. The differences in the concentrations of pollutants in the kitchen and salon service were done through analysis of variance for independent samples (ANOVA). In situations where there was a difference between the measurements was applied Tukey-HSD test to identify these differences. Results: The levels of PM2, 5 issued during cooking of food were 60-459 g/m3 for kitchens and 5-80 ¿g/m3 in the halls, and NO2 between 60 and 180 ¿g/m3 in kitchens and 40 and 60 ¿g/m3 in the halls, the differences being statistically significant. The prevalence of respiratory symptoms suggestive of asthma in total workers surveyed was 20%. But there was no association between the occurrence of respiratory morbidity and perform such labor activities in the kitchen. Conclusion: This study shows the high exposure to air pollutants emitted in kitchens, increasing the risk of harm to respiratory health of these workers. / Introdução: Segundo a Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar de 2008-2009, o percentual de despesas com alimentação fora do domicílio entre a população residente em áreas caracterizada como um processo que utiliza intensivamente sua mão de obra, por períodos prolongados e em condições inadequadas. A avaliação dos níveis de poluentes nos restaurantes tipo Buffet tanto na cozinha quanto no salão é relevante para o levantamento do risco para indivíduos vulneráveis. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, de maio a julho de 2012, em dez restaurantes comerciais tipo Buffet, avaliando as concentrações de poluentes atmosféricos no interior da cozinha e no serviço de salão, na cidade de Santos. Cinco funcionários da cozinha e cinco do salão, totalizando 100 foram selecionados em 10 restaurantes. O European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS) foi utilizado para a coleta de dados de morbidade. A coleta do material particulado 2,5 µm foi realizada em duplicata, no interior das cozinhas e no salão durante o preparo dos alimentos. Amostradores passivos de NO2 foram instalados no interior das cozinhas e no serviço de salão por treze dias consecutivos sendo a coleta realizada em triplicata. Foram feitas análises descritivas de todas as variáveis. Para as variáveis quantitativas foram calculadas medidas de tendência central e de dispersão. As variáveis qualitativas foram descritas em termos dos seus números absolutos e relativos. As diferenças entre as médias dos poluentes, na cozinha e no serviço de salão através do teste t e teste u de Mann-Whitney. As diferenças nas concentrações dos poluentes na cozinha e no serviço de salão através da análise de variância para amostras independentes (ANOVA). Nas situações em que havia diferença entre as medidas foi aplicado o teste HSD- Tukey para identificar essas diferenças. Resultados: Os níveis de PM2,5 emitidos durante a cocção dos alimentos foram de 60 a 459 ¿g/m3 para as cozinhas e de 5 a 80 ¿g/m3 nos salões e para NO2 entre 60 e 180 ¿g/m3 nas cozinhas e 40 e 60 ¿g/m3 nos salões, sendo as diferenças estatisticamente significativas. A prevalência de sintomas respiratórios sugestivos de asma no total dos trabalhadores investigados foi de 20%. Porém não foi observada associação entre a ocorrência de morbidade respiratória referida e exercer as atividades laborais na cozinha. Conclusão: Foi evidenciada a alta exposição aos poluentes atmosféricos emitidos em cozinhas aumentando o risco de agravos à saúde respiratória destes trabalhadores.

Microplastics are particles that are < 5 mm in size and come from a wide range of sources. The global distribution in terrestrial and aquatic environments indicates they are likely to cause harm to living organisms. They are used in a variety of personal care products and kitchen scourers. To advance further studies, different approaches have been developed in recent years. In this research, a comparison of methods and analytical techniques were applied to characterise microplastics in two toothpastes and two facial scrubs. The analysis of microplastics was determined using light microscopy, laser diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. This research reports for the first time, the application of Imaging flow cytometry to characterise microplastics, and was explored to characterise smaller sized particles in each product. The methods developed where validated by characterising particles abraded from kitchen scourers. Two market leading and three chain store brands of kitchen scourers were utilised for the characterisation of microplastics. The application of the different techniques indicated differences in the size, number and morphological characteristics of the particles analysed. The different approaches developed for particle extraction, and the analytical techniques had an apparent influence on the results produced. Currently, there are no universally accepted laboratory protocol and analytical techniques to characterise microplastics. However, this research can serve as a reference point to promote more studies on laboratory methods and analytical techniques to characterise microplastics, with the hope of understanding better these complex particles.