Aim: to develop and understand which are the elements that influence the conventional and reversed knowledge transfer, how they influence it and the benefits of transferring knowledge within a multinational corporation. Methods: qualitative research strategy, inductive approach, and single case study design. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face and though video-calls. Four interviewees belong to Italian headquarters, three to the Canadian subsidiary and three to the US subsidiary. Results and conclusions: the research identifies culture, relationship HQ-subsidiary, geographical distance, expatriates, relationship between employees, language difference, trust, transparency, motivation, and technology as the elements influencing conventional and reversed knowledge transfer; the influences these elements exercise on them, and the benefits of knowledge transfer flows. Suggestions for further research: to replicate the qualitative study with a multi-case study design; to develop a deeper understanding on the relationship between the elements; and to deeper understand how knowledge transfer benefits can influence the MNC’s overall performance and subsidiaries’ performance. Contribution of the thesis: it contributes with in-depth understanding of the elements influencing conventional and reversed knowledge transfer, their benefits and a theoretical framework; highlights the importance of knowledge transfer for social development; and it provides an understanding of the benefits of knowledge transfer to achieve competitive advantage.

As a powerful form of knowledge creation, mentoring can deliver new ideas to organisations. Theorists and practitioners alike advocate that engaging in effective mentoring relationships can be very useful to an individual’s personal and professional development. However, very little empirical work has been carried out on the impact of mentoring relationships on knowledge creation and sharing. Through the development of a conceptual model of mentoring from a knowledge-based perspective (Figure 2.1), which is based on Nonaka and Takeuchi's (1995) theoretical SECI (socialisation, externalisation, combination and integration) process, this research focuses in particular on the socialisation dimension – the face-to-face sharing of knowledge between mentors and mentees. Using a qualitative, mixed-methods approach involving a single case study, a focus group and 27 semi-structured, one-to- one interviews, my research is framed on the three elements of the knowledge-creation process:1.The context: the space where mentoring takes place2.The process: the matching and knowledge-conversion process within the mentoring relationship3.The outcomes: intrinsic and extrinsic outcomes experienced by those involved in mentoring partnershipsThe research findings present a new, knowledge-based perspective of formal staff mentoring in higher education and, in so doing, contribute to narrowing the identified gaps in the literature. The research concludes that formal mentoring provides a ‘safe socialisation space’ for the spiral of knowledge creation and transfer to flourish through sharing and transferring existing knowledge. In particular, the findings show that the transfer of tacit knowledge, specifically institutional tacit knowledge, from the more experienced mentor to the mentee results in the creation of new knowledge and key intrinsic and extrinsic outcomes for the mentee, mentor and institution.

After discussion of the relationship between KM and NPD, the study defines electronic new product development (E-NPD) as the convergence of customer relationship, business processes, enterprise IT applications, and knowledge management system necessary to perform continuous innovation and develop new quality products in efficient way. A circular E-NPD value chain is depicted to explore the mechanism how E-NPD takes advantage of KM. E-NPD value chain describes new ways of envisioning the NPD process, which states that NPD cannot be effectively managed without a deep understanding of the knowledge interdependencies between core activities along the value chain, The study undertakes detailed case studies of three industries, in which three patterns of E-NPD are examined. / Establishing on both industrial structure-based view and resource-based view on competitive advantage, knowledge-based view on competitive advantage is suggested for the theoretical basis of knowledge value chain. By analyzing knowledge value chain model, we can see clearly that the competitive advantage comes from core competence of organization---knowledge and KM. / Knowledge management (KM) is of growing interest in today's business and academic community. With the importance of KM being realized, companies are viewing KM as a critical success factor in today's dynamic borderless society. In addition to the growing literature on the subject, organizations are creating managerial positions, such as chief knowledge managers, and creating knowledge teams. Obviously, KM penetrates every business process within organization. As a core process, new product development (NPD) always makes great contribution to organizational performance. This study proposes a framework of KM and the link between KM and NPD performance aiming at identifying the key facilitators of NPD and enabling companies to launch their products into market more successful than their competitors. / The value of KM is difficult to pinpoint and has led senior management to manage it without actually measuring it. An essential aspect of KM is the acquisition and dissemination of knowledge and an attempt is made to measure KM in terms of knowledge acquisition and dissemination. Employing confirmatory factor and path analyses, this thesis examines the relationship between KM and the performance of NPD, and finds that some interactions between KM and moderators also have a significant effect on the performance of NPD. These findings imply that if organizations fail to understand the subtle ways by which different features of KM influence product development, they may fail to harvest the full value of KM. / Yang Jie. / Adviser: Lee Ching-Chyi. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 62-09, Section: A, page: 3111. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-130). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest dissertations and theses, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Luk Ching Kit. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 132-134). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Internalism and Externalism --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- An Internalist's Tale and the Theme of this Thesis --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Varieties of Internalism and Externalism --- p.2 / Chapter A. --- Varieties of internalism --- p.3 / Chapter B. --- Varieties of Externalism --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- The Nature of Internalism-Externalism Debate --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Looking Forward --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- The Rejection of Humean Internalism --- p.14 / Chapter 2.1 --- Humean Internalism and the Humean conception of Normative Reasons --- p.14 / Chapter 2.2 --- Hume's Theory on the Role of Reason and the Justification of Normative Reasons --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3 --- "Williams's Attack on Desire-independent Normative Reasons, Two Arguments for Williams and Their Weaknesses" --- p.22 / Chapter 2.4 --- Two Anti-Humean Arguments on the Justification of Normative Reasons --- p.30 / Chapter A. --- Nagel on Desires and the Justifications of Normative Reasons --- p.30 / Chapter B. --- Scanlon on the Role of Desires in the Justification of Normative Reasons and My Modifications --- p.34 / Chapter 2.5 --- The Strength of Desires and the Mechanism of Decision Making in the Humean and Anti-Humean models --- p.42 / Chapter 2.6 --- The Rejection of Humean Internalism and a Remark --- p.45 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- The Rejection of Pure Ascription Internalism --- p.48 / Chapter 3.1 --- PAI and the Nagelian Motivation Theory --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2 --- The Humean Motivation Theory and the Assessment of the Nagelian Motivation Theory --- p.52 / Chapter 3.3 --- Argument for the Humean Motivation Theory 一 The Direction of Fit --- p.59 / Chapter A. --- "Brief Analysis of Intentional Action, Willing, Goal, Intention and Motivating Reason" --- p.60 / Chapter B. --- Direction of Fit and the Humean Motivation Theory --- p.62 / Chapter 3.4 --- Four Arguments against the Humean Motivation Theory --- p.64 / Chapter A. --- Special Nature of Moral Beliefs --- p.65 / Chapter B. --- The Non-teleological Nature of Moral Actions --- p.70 / Chapter C. --- Argument of Intellectualized Motivation --- p.73 / Chapter D. --- Argument of Irrationality --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5 --- The Rejection of Pure Ascription Internalism --- p.84 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- The Rejection of Rational Internalism --- p.86 / Chapter 4.1 --- Rational Internalism --- p.86 / Chapter 4.2 --- Argument of Incoherence --- p.88 / Chapter A. --- Exposition --- p.88 / Chapter B. --- Criticism --- p.92 / Chapter 4.3 --- Proper-grasp Argument --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4 --- Virtuous Person Argument --- p.110 / Chapter 4.5 --- The Rejection of Rational Internalism --- p.117 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- After the Rejection of Rational Internalism --- p.119 / Chapter 5.1 --- Two Problems of Rational Internalism --- p.120 / Chapter 5.2 --- Rejection of Rational Internalism and Appropriateness of Blame --- p.124 / Chapter 5.3 --- Weak Externalism and Morality --- p.129 / Bibliography --- p.132

Guan, Jiayu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 61-79). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

Wang, Yang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-74). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese.

The aim of the research was to investigate the prevalence of KM practices in The Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) (focussing specifically on the Agricultural component of DAFF) to enable its delivery on its mandate by exploring DAFF’s position in relation to specific KM enablers. / Graduate School for Business Leadership / (M.B.A)

The concept of luck is important to a wide range of philosophical areas including ethics (moral luck), epistemology (epistemic luck), political philosophy (issues of distributive justice and just deserts), and metaphysics (causation and the notion of coincidence). However, until recently, many of these discussions appealed to the concept of luck (and intuitions surrounding the role of luck) only as an undefined primitive. This dissertation is directed at providing a theory of luck from a different vantage than contemporary philosophical accounts (such as those developed by Duncan Pritchard, Wayne Riggs, and Nicholas Rescher). My first two chapters explore the existing treatments of luck in contemporary philosophy and a selection of psychological research is order to distinguish the philosophically relevant notion of luck from the popular superstitious ideas of luck. I propose that luck can be roughly described as involving a sense of significance (instances of luck matter to the affected parties) and a sense of unreliability (we cannot count on luck). I also identify two important trends in contemporary treatments of luck; 1) contemporary accounts have a much more detailed focus on the unreliability criterion than on the significance criterion, and 2) many discussions of luck treat luck as an intrinsic feature of the world such that instances of luck can be identified as matters of luck apart from any consideration of their significance. In my third chapter, I argue that significance deserves as careful and detailed a treatment as unreliability, and I argue against the idea that the relevant notion of significance can be understood merely in terms of an affected subject's actual or potential beliefs about what is significant to her. In giving a more nuanced account of significance, I propose a distinction between impersonal luck (luck that involves an advantage for any subject in the same situation) and personal luck (luck that involves an advantage for the subject only because of that subject's particular characteristics). In my fourth chapter, I criticize accounts that treat luck as an intrinsic property that can be identified apart from a consideration of the significance for an affected subject (what I have called matter of luck accounts). I propose that luck is a property dependent on a practice of adopting modified attitudes (what I call luck attitudes) and that we can understand the unreliability of luck in terms of this practice; an advantage is ordinarily acquired if it is appropriate to adopt normal attitudes towards someone's possession of it, and an advantage is extraordinarily acquired, and therefore lucky, if it is appropriate to adopt the modified luck attitudes towards it. My final chapter contains my theory of luck. Following the discussions in my third and fourth chapters, I propose an account where significance plays a central role in distinguishing instances of luck. I propose a framework on which advantages are ordinarily or extraordinarily obtained according to their significance to the possessor, and I propose that a lucky state of affairs be understood as a state of affairs that involves an advantage for a subject who has obtained that advantage in an extraordinary way. The conditions under which an advantage is ordinarily obtained are sensitive to the nature and degree of the advantage. In line with the discussion in my fourth chapter, I conclude by proposing some conditions which lead us to adopt normal attitudes (that is, conditions under which having an advantage would be considered ordinary) but leave it open to modification in light of changing social practices of, and standards for, adopting luck attitudes.

This thesis makes an intervention in the recent proliferation of work on encyclopaedism in fiction. By taking James Joyce's Ulysses, Leslie Marmon Silko's Almanac of the Dead, and Roberto Bolaño's 2666 as its case studies, the project proposes that fictional encyclopaedism can be read through the responses authors make to the diverse forms that encyclopaedic thought and practice has taken throughout history. In this, I contend, ‘encyclopaedism' can be dissociated from its commonplace conflation with ‘great white male' theories of literature, and refigured as a literary category with the potential to restructure, or decolonise, both our sense of ‘greatness' and ‘mastery' in fiction and our idea of the world as a complete and coherent totality. The project is divided into five sections. The introduction establishes the relationship between encyclopaedism and totality through a reading of the Encyclopaedia Britannica's ‘Great American Indian Leaders' exhibition in the 1980s, drawing particularly on the theoretical work of Gerald Vizenor and Walter D. Mignolo and on historians of encyclopaedism. The first and second chapters look to the ways Joyce and Silko, respectively, critique and re-tool specific forms of encyclopaedism, with Ulysses focusing on the Britannica and Almanac of the Dead reaching back to the encyclopaedic practices that gave epistemic shape to the European ‘conquest,' or invasion, of the Americas (particularly those of Bartolomé de Las Casas). Both authors, I propose, imagine new, radical, decolonial encyclopaedisms that work by opening themselves up to their own productive failures. The third chapter explores how Bolaño uses 2666 to identify potential encyclopaedisms immanent to the contemporary, particularly through his dialogue with Julio Cortázar's Hopscotch. The conclusion synthesises the three authors' forms of fictional encyclopaedism into the beginnings of a theory of literary totality as ‘totality-without-totality,' along the lines of Jacques Derrida's ‘messianism-without-messianicity.'

高基存. / "2001年7月" / 論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2001. / 參考文獻 (leaves 120-123) / 附中英文摘要. / "2001 nian 7 yue" / Gao Jicun. / Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2001. / Can kao wen xian (leaves 120-123) / Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao. / 序言 --- p.iii / Chapter 第一章 --- 何謂基礎論？何謂融貫論？ --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 故事 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 基礎論與融貫論的主要分別 --- p.4 / Chapter 第三節 --- 避免混淆 --- p.6 / Chapter 第四節 --- 倒退論證 --- p.8 / Chapter 第五節 --- 融貫論者的回應 --- p.11 / Chapter 第六節 --- 不可錯性 --- p.12 / Chapter 第七節 --- 何謂「融貫」？ --- p.17 / Chapter 第八節 --- 各種類型的基礎論與融貫論 --- p.17 / Chapter 第二章 --- 戈德曼的可靠主義 --- p.21 / Chapter 第一節 --- 可靠主義者戈德曼 --- p.21 / Chapter 第二節 --- 知識論詞 --- p.23 / Chapter 第三節 --- 嘗試錯誤的進路 --- p.25 / Chapter 第四節 --- 原因要求 --- p.34 / Chapter 第五節 --- 提出可靠主義 --- p.35 / Chapter 第六節 --- 可靠主義的精確表達´ؤ´ؤ一種基礎論 --- p.38 / Chapter 第七節 --- 關於反事實情況的要求 --- p.41 / Chapter 第八節 --- 強與弱的證成 --- p.44 / Chapter 第九節 --- 對四種合理信念的要求 --- p.47 / Chapter 第十節 --- 笛卡兒的魔鬼世界 --- p.50 / Chapter 十一節 --- 訴諸客觀可靠性的錯謬 --- p.52 / Chapter 十二節 --- 基礎論中的融貫要求 --- p.55 / Chapter 十三節 --- 本章結論 --- p.64 / Chapter 第三章 --- 博朱爾的融貫論 --- p.66 / Chapter 第一節 --- 融貫論者博朱爾 --- p.66 / Chapter 第二節 --- 整體主義的證成結構 --- p.67 / Chapter 第三節 --- 融貫論四步曲 --- p.68 / Chapter 第四節 --- 「融貫」的意思 --- p.71 / Chapter 第五節 --- 三個質疑 --- p.76 / Chapter 第六節 --- 信念系統假定 --- p.78 / Chapter 第七節 --- 觀察信念的證成 --- p.81 / Chapter 第八節 --- 內省信念的證成 --- p.89 / Chapter 第九節 --- 輸入質疑 --- p.93 / Chapter 第十節 --- 可選擇的其他融貫系統 --- p.95 / Chapter 十一節 --- 真理問題的質疑 --- p.96 / Chapter 十二節 --- 信念系統假定的兩難困境 --- p.106 / Chapter 十三節 --- 倒戈相向的觀察要求 --- p.109 / Chapter 十四節 --- 融貫論中的基礎原則 --- p.112 / Chapter 十五節 --- 本章結論 --- p.114 / 結論 --- p.115 / 參考書目 --- p.120