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A comparative study of the plant ecology of three estuaries : Mgeni, Mhlanga and Mdloti.Raiman, Feisal. 21 October 2013 (has links)
The vegetation of the Mgeni Estuary, Mhlanga Estuary and Mdloti Estuary
was analysed according to the Braun-Blanquet phytosociological method
using quadrats of 4m2 and 25m2 in area placed subjectively and the
Point-Centred Quarter method with points chosen whilst traversing. A
classification of plant communities is given. These are described
floristically and related to habitat variables. Indicator species of
the climatic climax of coast forest occur within the study area. The
absence of coast forest is ascribed to low altitude, tidal inundation
and the consequent effect of salinity, basal inundation resulting in a
high water-table and the influence of man. The floodplain of the Mgeni
Estuary is dominated by mangrove vegetation comprising mainly Bruguiera
gymnorrhiza and Avicennia marina whereas vegetation established on
Athlone Island is dominated by mesophytic thicket comprising mainly
Schinus terebinthifolius, Lantana camara, Chromolaena odorata and
Cardiospermum grandiflorum. The floodplain of the Mhlanga Estuary is
dominated by Phragmites australis. The shores of the Mdloti Estuary are
dominated by Barringtonia racemosa, Phragmites australis and Echinochloa
pyramidalis. Major differences in vegetation patterns of the three
systems are related primarily to the differences in the open nature of
the river mouths. This is controlled mainly by river flow and longshore
drift. Differences in vegetation patterns within an estuary are
dependent on differences in tolerances to salinity, basal inundation and
shade, together with variations in altitude and edaphic factors and
competition between species. Generally soils of Mgeni Estuary had higher
contents of small sized fractions, bulk densities, reserve acidities, organic matter, salts and exchangeable bases and lower pH than soils at
Mhlanga Estuary and Mdloti Estuary. Differences exist between mangrove
and non-mangrove soils at Mgeni Estuary and differences between the non-
mangrove soils at the three study sites. Major differences in soil characteristics are as a result of differences in tidal inundation,
geogenetic parameters and biotic factors. Information on topography,
hydrology, geology, climatic factors, biotic factors and historical
background of the area is given. A check-list of vascular plants is included. The work is illustrated by 44 figures. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Durban-Westville, 1986.
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Optimization of the construction of VIP toilet sanitation at clinics in rural area.02 November 2010 (has links)
No abstract available. / Thesis (M.Sc.Eng.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
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An investigation of cultural influences on fertility behaviour among university students at Howard College, UKZN-Durban.Mbaya, Thokozile Jocylen. 02 December 2013 (has links)
Questions have been raised regarding factors influencing fertility in South Africa, particularly within the different population groups. Various studies have focused on fertility in South Africa and other developing countries, based on racial differences, socio-economic statuses and geographical or environmental factors. It is clear that the major omission in the existing studies is the much-needed investigation of cultural influences on fertility outcomes. Therefore, this study is an investigation of the role of culture in influencing fertility behaviour among young women at the University of Kwa-Zulu Natal, Durban. The central question of this paper is therefore: how does culture influence fertility behaviour among young university women? To respond to this question, the study used John Bongaarts' theory on proximate determinants of fertility as lenses for this investigation. A qualitative research design was used to collect data through 14 individual in-depth interviews with multiracial and multicultural women between the ages of 22 and 31. A thematic analysis revealed that culture still plays a significant role in determining fertility outcomes. Although the participants are aware of the conservative stand of their cultures and religions, the results indicate that their personal choices for fertility behaviour are influenced by education and desire for success in their careers. In addition, the findings showed that the extent to which culture influences fertility behaviour is different across the various racial groups in South Africa. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2012.
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Aspects of the biology of the red bishop Euplectes orix and other Euplectes species.Craig, Adrian John Fergus Knott. 22 September 2014 (has links)
The breeding biology and the annual cycle of the Red
Bishop Euplectes orix was studied over a two year period
in Natal. Some comparative data were also gathered for
the related species the Red-shouldered Widow E. axillaris
and the Red-collared Widow E. ardens, and additional data
from a ringer in Rhodesia have been analysed. The breeding
season of these polygynous ploceids coincides with the
summer rainy season, and the amount of breeding activity
in the Red Bishop appeared to be correlated with the
amount of rain during the previous year. Breeding success
at the colony studied was low; predation was the major
cause of nest failure. In all three species the entire
population, including the juveniles, undergoes a complete
moult at the end of the breeding season. There is some
evidence that the birds may make local movements during
the winter dry season.
These species are sexually dimorphic, the males being
larger than the females. The population sex ratio was
Significantly biased in favour of males in the Red Bishop
and the Red-shouldered Widow but not in the Red-collared
Widow. However, about half the male birds are subadults
which do not breed, so that there is an excess of females
in the breeding population. Adult males undergo a partial
moult at the start of the breeding season and acquire a
distinctive nuptial plumage. This is shed again at the
post-nuptial moult, and in eclipse plumage they resemble
the females. There is a similar pattern of weight change
in all three species, with peaks early in the breeding
season and again during the moult. The lowest annual
weights are recorded during the dry season. The mortality
rate of the Red Bishop is not high for a small passerine.
The findings of this study are compared with the
available information on other members of the genus, and
discussed in relation to the evolution of polygyny in the
Euplectes species. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 1977.
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Mental capacity and executive strategies among Zulu-speaking children.Juckes, Timothy John. January 1987 (has links)
The poor school performance among black children in South Africa is best understood by focussing on the generative mechanisms which underlie
performance. This research was undertaken within Pascual-Leone's
neo-Piagetian Theory of Constructive Operators, which models cognitive
functioning as a bilevel system of content-specific schemes and
situation-free silent operators. Of the seven silent operators posited,
Pascual-Leone is able to distinguish cognitive competence, or mental
capacity (structural M, or Ms), from learning (L structuring) which is
dependent upon environment. The M-construct is a reserve of mental
attentional energy which can be applied to task-relevant schemes to boost
their activation weights. The Compound Stimulus Visual Information
(CSVI) task was used to distinguish the amount of M-power subjects
employed in a given task (functional M, or Mf ), as well as the efficiency
with which they used this Mf. Children from the black township of
lndaleni, outside Richmond, Natal, South Africa, were selected. Thirty
subjects in each of four age groups, seven-, nine-, eleven-, and
thirteen-year-olds, were tested. The Children's Embedded Figures Test
(CEFT) and the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) test were
administered in groups. Two versions of the CSVI were given: the Free
Response (CSVI-FR) and the Tachistoscopic version. The latter was
analysed in terms of first look (CSVI-1STL), which gives an estimate of
Mf, and repeated looks (CSVI-TACH) which estimates the number of
attending acts made over the task. The CEFT was found not to distinguish
cognitive style in the sample. As the sample was of low socioeconomic
status and rural, it was argued that the subjects were predominantly field
dependent.Results were analysed for the total sample as one FD group.
Results showed eleven- and thirteen-year-old children's arousal
executives were increasingly poor (i.e., the eleven-year-olds brought one
unit less than their available M to the task.). Performance on the RSPM
showed a dramatic decline in percentile rank with age, which confirmed
these increasingly poor arousal executives. This concurs with a regular
cross-cultural Piagetian finding which shows no formal operational
thinking in certain cultures. All subjects evidenced poor temporal
executives (i.e., made fewer attending acts than predicted in task
analyses). In the CSVI-FR analysis It was shown that children employed
more efficient temporal executives as the stimulus became more complex,
but their maximum performance still did not reach the predicted level. The
results confirm patterns found among children from other disadvantaged
environments. Proposals are made for further research to isolate the
factors involved in the poor arousal executive strength of the present
sample, which conflicts with a previous finding that Zulu-speaking
children employ their full Ms.The findings are related to the poor
educational environment of the children and suggestions are made for
improving school performance by encouraging active problem solving. This
would focus first on maximising M arousal, afterwhich temporal
executives may be improved. Further, a warning is made to those who see
training as a useful method to improve performance, for this does not
maximise arousal and temporal executives within the child, but rather
reduces the demand of the task. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1987.
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Inpatient catchment populations of public sector hospitals in Natal/KwaZulu.Emerson, P. January 1988 (has links)
The Natal/KwaZulu Health Services Liaison Committee (HSLC) has been established to co-ordinate health care delivery in Natal and KwaZulu. This body has defined eight geographical Health Planning SubRegions (HPSRs) (Annexure E) of which each is a unit for planning and prioritising health service delivery in respect of its resident population. The HSLC considered that a study of inpatient catchment populations of hospitals under the control of the statutory Health Authorities would provide information which was essential to the planning processes of those authorities. The Department of Community Health was requested by the HSLC to undertake this study. A previous study, co-ordinated by the Department of Community Health (September 1987), dealt with "Outpatient Catchment Populations of Hospitals and Clinics in Natal and KwaZulu" (E DADA). No previous similar study on inpatients has been undertaken in South Africa. The expansion and improvement of basic services - particularly health care, water supply and basic education - should be perceived as essential elements in a strategy designed to enable all residents of a region to meet basic human needs and enjoy a minimum standard of living. Thus increased efforts have to be made to utilise health care resources effectively and efficiently and to plan future facilities carefully with regard to accessibility and appropriateness . This will require careful and objective management by all Authorities responsible for delivering health care to the people of Natal and KwaZulu. Accurately predicting the utilisation of hospital inpatient facilities is critical to efficient resource allocation in Health Services management. Catchment population studies and cross boundary flow characteristics provide valuable information on the utilisation of available facilities. This information is of value in the development of existing health services and the planning of additional health facilities with regard to size, situation and service type. Studies in other areas on utilisation of health service facilities, suggest that distance strongly influences hospital choice in both rural and metropolitan areas (Inquiry 1984 21(1) : 84-95) and this could explain some of the findings of this study with regard to cross boundary flow between Magisterial districts and HPSRs. For the efficient planning of resources, particularly with regard to situation and size, knowledge of the population size and demographic composition are important, as is a knowledge of the profile of disease in a community. The objectives of this study are directed to making available this information to each of the health authorities responsible for health care delivery and thus, to facilitate the management process. / Thesis (M.Med.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1988.
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The social and economic impact of eco-tourism : reviewing of tourism policy in Zwelisha in Drakensberg and Khula Village in St. Lucia KZN.Makhoba, Xolani Jeremia. January 2006 (has links)
The study scientifically and empirically evaluates the social and economic impact of ecotourism, as well as its relationship with the tourism policy. The primary focus is on the displacement of communities, the effect it brought to cultural needs of the communities as well as an escalating poverty rate. The South African tourism policy is the primary document underlying the development and promotion of tourism in the country for sustainable economic development. Supporting this is the South African constitution where it promotes the protection of the environment for the benefit of present and future generations through reasonable legislative and other measures that: prevent pollution and ecological degradation; promote conservation; and secure ecologically sustainable development and use of natural resources while promoting justifiable economic and social development. The research then looks at how the lives of the affected communities are incorporated into these objectives without affecting social and cultural lives of the people. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.
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Impacts of accommodation and craft-based tourism on local economic development : the case of the Midlands Meander.Mathfield, Damon. January 2000 (has links)
No abstract available. / Thesis (M.T.R.P.)-University of Natal, 2000.
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Perspectives and experiences of fatherhood among young people : a case study of 'black' students at University of KwaZulu-Natal in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal.Chili, Siphamandla. January 2013 (has links)
Not much is known about young fathers in South Africa; as a result, there is a lack of literature that
focuses on young fathers and fatherhood in South Africa. However, there is a growing body of
international literature about young fathers and their perceptions of fatherhood, even though this is mostly
concentrated in the global north, especially the United States.
The overall aim of the study was to explore the perspectives and experiences of early fatherhood among
'Black' university students in Durban. This was done by engaging young black men that are fathers. A
qualitative approach was adopted in order to give the respondents freedom to discuss their experiences at
length. The sample consisted of seven respondents that are Black, fulltime students and aged 18-25.
Young fathers who are 'Black' were chosen purposefully because the statistics show that the fet1ility rate
of young Black people is significantly high when compared to young people of other race groups in South
Africa.
This study found that all the young fathers that participated in this study had not intended to have
children, and were therefore not ready to become fathers when their partners told them that they were
pregnant. Furthermore, it was found that all the young fathers that pa11icipated in this study did not live
with their children. Instead, the children lived with their mothers. There were various reasons given for
this arrangement, but the most dominant one was that it was because the young fathers had not paid
damages to their partners' families, as cultural practices dictate, for having impregnated them.
Most young fathers that participated in this study are no longer intimately involved with the mothers of
their children. However, they are on good terms with them and they have managed to maintain civil
relationships with them in order to have access to their children. This study found that modem
contraceptive knowledge is high amongst young fathers, although the usage is inconsistent. Finally, this
study found that young fathers equate fatherhood to responsibility, providing financially, giving
emotional support, and spending quality time with their children. However, there was a feeling of
inadequacy and dissatisfaction amongst young fathers because of hindrances that prevent them from
executing their roles of fatherhood effectively. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2013.
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Perceptions of students at the University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, regarding factors influencing high fertility rates among young people.Yunos, Hajira. January 2010 (has links)
Fertility among young people has increased globally and is a major concern, particularly in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa is a region that is greatly affected by poverty; HIV/AIDS and an increasing population. Young people are engaging in unprotected sex and this not only increases their risk of having an unplanned pregnancy, but also increases the risk of them contracting HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. In Southern Africa, pregnancy rates among young people are high even though total fertility rates have declined. Many interventions have been implemented to directly address this issue; however, it is perplexing as to why pregnancy rates among young people are so high.
Studies have indicated that there are many factors that influence unplanned pregnancy rates among young people. The aim of this dissertation is to understand the reasons for high fertility rates among young people in South Africa. This study draws on qualitative methodology using in-depth interviews with 20 female students at a tertiary institution in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa.
Students interviewed presented a number of reasons for the high levels of pregnancy among young people. The study findings highlighted that young women have knowledge of contraception and are aware of the importance of contraception in preventing an unplanned pregnancy; however, contraception is being practiced inconsistently and incorrectly. Students are more afraid of the risk of an unplanned pregnancy than HIV/AIDS. Poor interpersonal relations with health service providers were perceived as a common barrier preventing young women from accessing contraception at the local clinics. Furthermore, the interviews suggest that peers exert an enormous influence over young people. / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2010.
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