Aquaculture facilities have been demonstrated to emit massive quantities of waste that incorporates in to the surrounding water column, effectively altering patterns and processes of nearby marine communities. Given that products from aquaculture is heavily relied upon to meet global fisheries demands, understanding its effects is essential to inventing less harmful practices. This research examines one such facility located in Kyuquot, British Columbia. The purpose of this thesis is to spatially and temporally measure the degree and magnitude of integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA)-derived organic waste as a potential subsidy to adjacent marine communities. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes analysis was applied to intended extractive organisms (sablefish Anoplopoma fimbria, Pacific scallops Patinopectin caurinus, blue mussels Mytilus edulis, sea urchin Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, sea cucumber Parastichopus californicus, kelp Saccharina latissima), epibiont biofouling species (brooding transparent tunicates Corella inflata, hairy tunicate Boltenia villosa, broadbase tunicates Cnemidocarpa finmarkiensis) as well as fish feed and sablefish faeces. Stable isotopes of blue mussels and brooding transparent tunicates sampled from both the IMTA and a reference site were compared in order to examine spatial influence of IMTA-derived waste. IMTA site sampled mussels exhibited the most enriched and least variable values among all four sample groups. Brooding transparent tunicates exhibited the most isotopic variability which demonstrates that IMTA-derived waste is not among the most important food source available. This is corroborated by the three-source mixing model results. Only sablefish isotopic signatures were measured to be more enriched than those of fish feed and fish faeces. Isotopic mixing models were employed to all IMTA samples and found that IMTA effluent signatures were proportionately higher in their diets than averaged marine particulate organic matter (POM) signatures taken from the literature. Mixing model results also showed IMTA effluent to be proportionately less than marine POM. Circular statistical results did not demonstrate particular directional change for all IMTA sampled isotopic signatures which could be due to the consistent nature of available fish feed throughout the year and/or perhaps feeding choice changes constantly. Further examination into the monthly physical properties of this region (eg. rainfall, irradiance) as well as measurements of marine POM signatures would greatly compliment these results and are recommended for future study. / Graduate

This is the first study of the Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous dinoflagellate cysts of the Kyuquot Group on Grassy Island, British Columbia. Thirty nine dinoflagellate cyst taxa were identified in 85 samples collected from the Upper Tithonian Kapoose and Berriasian to Middle Valanginian One Tree formations. Cyst recovery, concentrations and diversity are relatively high in the samples from of the Kapoose Formation, whereas samples from One Tree Formation had poor dinoflagellate cyst recovery. Four dinoflagellate cyst zones were identified. Three cyst zones (Cometodinium habibii-Endoscrinium campanula-Oligosphaeridium sp.-Pareodinia spp.- Gonyaulacysta jurassica zone; Cyst Type P zone; and Circulodinium spp.-Cyst Type P zone) correspond to the Buchia columbiana zone from of the Kapoose Formation and the fourth cyst zone (Cyst Type D-Cyst Type Q-Circulodinium spp.-Gonyaulacysta spp. zone) is identified from the One Tree Formation, where four Buchia zones are recognised. The change in the ratio of marine to terrestrial palynomorphs indicates that the basin went through progressive shallowing and/or the shore came closer to the site of deposition beginning in the Upper Tithonian and continuous through to the Valanginian. The zones resemble established Siberian dinoflagellate cyst zones of the same age. This correlation suggests that the two regions were a part of the Boreal Realm during the interval. / Graduate

This thesis examines the barotropic M2 tidal circulation and associated oceanographic properties in the Kyuquot Sound. The main contribution of this thesis is the development of a simple analytical model based on results from a Finite-Volume Coastal Ocean Model (FVCOM), describing a two-channel system. The simple analytical model allows us to estimate the energy dissipation rate in Crowther Channel and recognizes that friction is responsible for phase difference (between currents and elevation) variations as we move along the channel. This is done without running complex numerical models or collecting extensive observation data. We found a difference in velocity phases between a dominant channel (Kyuquot Channel) and a secondary channel (Crowther Channel) in Kyuquot Sound. The velocity phase response in the secondary channel is out of phase with the dominant channel, and varies when we move along the channel, while the elevation phases are consistent between the two channels. This result has a potentially significant impact on future biological and navigation decisions. Our research is also focused on getting a general understanding of the circulation in Kyuquot Sound, and offers an energy budget comparison between the analytical and numerical model results. These results allow the contrast between the simple analytical and the numerical model to be clarified, as the advantages and limitations of both are discussed in detail. / Graduate / 0415 / 0759 / 0547 / diwan@uvic.ca

ABSTRACT The Nitinaht language and traditional knowledge that was usually transmitted from the older to the younger family members is on the verge of being lost forever. As a member of a Nitinaht family, I have concentrated on finding the Elders in our family, who are spread all over Vancouver Island, in an attempt to try to find a way to preserve this invaluable knowledge and to pass it on to future generations. This information was recorded and will be presented through interactive multimedia, which allows for the transmission of oral information such as stories, photographs, interviews, family trees, history, language and anecdotes. Since modern technology and traditional knowledge seem at the opposite ends of the spectrum, the research also looked into the acceptability of this method of transmission. Much traditional knowledge is confidential, and thus is not part of the written dissertation; however, much information is included without disrespect for our beliefs as ideas for future research. The written documentation includes a history of our family, discussion of the beauty and uniqueness of the Diitidaht (Nitinaht) language, a narration of our last Puku’u basket weaver, and a description of the “Family First” interactive multimedia program.