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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

A l?gica na forma??o de sujeitos : um estudo sobre a presen?a da l?gica nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de matem?tica

Ribeiro, Alessandro Pinto 27 March 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-07-20T11:50:24Z No. of bitstreams: 1 472408 - Texto Completo.pdf: 512200 bytes, checksum: 5f63e80e4169224eed290a1843d451b0 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-20T11:50:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 472408 - Texto Completo.pdf: 512200 bytes, checksum: 5f63e80e4169224eed290a1843d451b0 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-27 / This is a qualitative research, a study case. As a question of research it poses the following problem: How are the different conceptions of logic inserted in the teaching practice of a mathematics teachers? group in High School? Its main objective is to understand the insertion of the different logic conceptions in the teaching practice of a group of mathematics teachers in High School. In order to achieve this goal, the following specific objectives are considered: (1) Identify the different logic conceptions of a group of mathematics teachers in High School; (2) Understand how these teachers realize the presence of logic in their pedagogical practice; and (3) Identify the different logic conceptions present in pedagogical support materials used by these teachers. In the theoretical background the following themes are approached: Philosophy and Logic; The several conceptions of logic (Aristotle, Russell, Bacon, Decarte); The teaching and learning of logic. Six teachers who hold a degree in mathematics, teachers in the three grades of High School and the analysis of pedagogical support materials was made by the teachers. The data were submitted to the Discursive Textual Analysis. From the analysis the following categories emerged: Conceptions of the teachers about logic, The presence of the Logic in the teaching practice and The several conceptions of logic and the teaching material. In the first category showed that this group of teachers there is certain difficulty of defining what logic is. The group presented three definitions of logic which are: (1) all and any way of thinking; (2) all that can be explained through reason; and (3) sets of arguments that we use to validate or invalidate knowledge. Therefore, to the teachers, logic is the built of a solid argumentation, with coherent thinking, well structured, in order to be able to infer on premises, concepts, problem-situations and the reality, being able to modify them in a conscious way, based on reason, determining its validity and its falsity. In the second category, it became evident that all the teachers, somehow, approach logic in their teaching practices. They affirm that there is little time to teach logic as a topic or content of the subject. What refers to the approach of logic in its pedagogical practices, I evinced that this teachers? group use logic in their classes when they work with demonstrations, either in Mathematics or Physics subjects, when they work the connectives, with combinatorial and probability analysis, in problem solving, set theory, validation of arguments, true and false, and in all and any situation in which the teachers and students need to argument, solve a problem solving situation and interfere in the world and its reality. And in the third category, we evince that the logical conceptions that appear are the Cartesian ones, being this the most present, the conception of Wittgenstein, the Aristotelian conception and the Russell conception. Although these logical conceptions are present in their materials, none of the teachers identified them in an explicit way. This is, they affirm the presence of logic in their materials, but they do not identify which of the conceptions is present in their books, notebooks or booklets. / A pesquisa ? de natureza qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso. Tem como quest?o de pesquisa o seguinte problema: De que modo as diferentes concep??es de L?gica est?o inseridas na pr?tica docente de um grupo de professores de Matem?tica de Ensino M?dio? Tem por objeto geral compreender a inser??o das diferentes concep??es de L?gica na pr?tica docente de um grupo de professores de Matem?tica de Ensino M?dio. Para atingir esse objetivo, s?o considerados os seguintes objetivos espec?ficos: (1) identificar as diferentes concep??es de l?gica de um grupo de professores de matem?tica do Ensino M?dio; (2) compreender como esses professores percebem a presen?a da L?gica na sua pr?tica pedag?gica; e (3) Identificar as diferentes concep??es de L?gica presentes em materiais de apoio pedag?gico utilizado por esses professores. Na fundamenta??o te?rica s?o abordados os seguintes temas: Filosofia e L?gica; As diversas concep??es de L?gica (Arist?teles Russell, Bacon, Descartes e Wittgenstein); A import?ncia da L?gica nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem de Matem?tica. Foram entrevistados seis professores licenciados em Matem?tica, docentes nas tr?s s?ries do Ensino M?dio e realizada a an?lise de materiais de apoio pedag?gico utilizados pelos professores. Os dados foram submetidos ? An?lise Textual Discursiva. Da an?lise emergiram as seguintes categorias: Concep??es dos professores sobre L?gica, A presen?a da L?gica na pr?tica docente e As diversas concep??es de L?gica presentes no material did?tico. Na primeira categoria evidenciou-se que neste grupo de professores h? uma certa dificuldade em definir o que ? l?gica. O grupo apresentou tr?s defini??es de l?gica que s?o: (1) toda e qualquer forma de pensar; (2) tudo que pode ser explicado por meio da raz?o; e (3) conjuntos de argumentos que utilizamos para validar ou invalidar um conhecimento. Portanto, para os professores, L?gica ? a constru??o de uma argumenta??o s?lida, com pensamentos coerentes, bem estruturados, de modo que possamos inferir sobre premissas, conceitos, situa??es-problema e a realidade, podendo modific?-las de modo consciente, baseado na raz?o, determinando a sua validade e falsidade. Na segunda categoria, evidenciou-se que todos os professores, de alguma forma, abordam a L?gica em suas pr?ticas docentes. Afirmam que h? pouco tempo para se ensinar a L?gica como um t?pico ou conte?do da mat?ria. No que se refere ? abordagem da L?gica em suas pr?ticas pedag?gicas evidenciou-se que este grupo de professores utiliza a L?gica em suas aulas ao trabalhar com demonstra??es, seja nas disciplinas de Matem?tica ou F?sica, ao trabalhar com conectivos, com An?lise Combinat?ria e Probabilidade, na resolu??o de problemas, na teoria de conjuntos, na valida??o de argumentos, e em toda e qualquer situa??o em que professores e alunos necessitem argumentar, resolver uma situa??o-problema e interferir no mundo e em sua realidade. E na terceira categoria evidenciou-se que as concep??es de L?gica presentes no material did?tico s?o as concep??es Cartesiana, sendo esta a mais presente, a concep??o de Wittgenstein, a concep??o Aristot?lica e a concep??o de Russell. Embora essas concep??es l?gicas estejam presentes em seus materiais, nenhum dos professores as identificou de forma expl?cita. Isto ?, afirmam a presen?a da l?gica em seus materiais, mas n?o identificam qual das concep??es est? presente em seus livros, cadernos ou apostilas.

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