Major disasters are taking an ever-increasing toll on American communities. To cope with this growing problem, Benton County is seeking to adopt an alternative approach known as Community- Based Emergency Preparedness. Its goal is to improve collaboration among governmental agencies and the public to gain greater flexibility in decision-making and implementation. Increased community participation is intended to produce not only improved emergency readiness, but also preparations in the home, school, and workplace to reduce the effects of disaster when it strikes. This case study describes strategies Benton County officials have used to involve citizens in planning and preparing for disasters during a twelve-month period from April, 1994 to April, 1995. A recently formed citizen-initiated community coalition meets regularly to organize public education forums and emergency exercises. This is different from the past, when disaster planning was undertaken only by professionals and specialists who tended to leave the public out of the process. Public, private, and volunteer groups at the community level are now seeking to create a dynamic disaster planning process that reflects community values and accountability. Included in this case study is the development of digital maps of multiple hazards to aid experts in communicating risks to the public. Disaster planning is complicated because the community and the experts perceive risks differently. To facilitate the program in a systematic fashion, six process characteristics have been identified. Because this approach is new, the process of disaster planning is still under development. / Graduation date: 1996

Site 35J04 is located on the south bank of the Rogue River, four miles west of Grants Pass, Oregon. Excavation of the site was conducted in 1976 by Oregon State University under contract to the Corvallis branch of CH2M/Hill. Eight artifact assemblages were distinguished during the analysis of the site. From these assemblages two distinct components were defined. Component I was dated to 460±90 BP. A close affiliation with the coast is evident for this time period from the concaved-base projectile points which are unique to this component. On the coast these concaved-base points are a late development and are usually associated with shell middens. Component II consisted to two circular house pits and the contemporary living surface around them. Carbon 14 dates this component at approximately 1400 BP. The dominant projectile point for this component was small, 9 mm to 18 mm in length, triangular-blade, corner-to-base notched point. An interior adaptation is evident for this component. Light, periodic use of the site was evident between component I and component II. The site had also been used prior to the component II occupation. Cultural debris was present in low frequency to a depth of 1.9 meters below the surface. / Graduation date: 1979

Cretaceous limestone, marl, and dolomite of Late Aptian to Middle Albian age crop out in the Wimberley area, a 5-minute by 10-minute quadrangle in central Texas situated in the dissected eastern margin of the Edwards Plateau. Formations exposed are the upper part of the Glen Rose, the Walnut, and the lower part of the Edwards. The Glen Rose, which crops out over 90% of the area, is subdivided into 7 informal members defined on mappability on aerial photographs. Six major step faults of the Balcones fault zone transect the area, displacing the strata downward to the southeast about 700 feet. The outstanding geomorphic features are the high relief hills and ridges south of the Blanco River, which are caused by dissection along the Edwards Plateau margin, and the deflections of Cypress Creek and Blanco River where they cross faults. / text

The Signal Hill Quadrangle is located astride the Balcones Escarpment southwest of Austin. Cretaceous rocks (Albian and Cenomanian) cropping out in the area include the upper two members of the Glen Rose Formation, the Bull Creek and Bee Cave Members of the Walnut Formation, the Kainer and Person Formations of the Edwards Group, and the Georgetown, Del Rio, and Buda Formations. Deposition represented by these formations ranges from supertidal to tidal-flat to open-shelf marine environments. At one location there is a basalt plug, probably of Senonian age. The youngest deposits in the quadrangle are those associated with Quaternary terraces and alluvial sands and gravels. The faults mapped are part of the Balcones Fault Zone, a system of en echelon, northeast-trending, predominantly normal, dip-slip faults. This system was probably active in the middle Tertiary. The Mt. Bonnell Fault is the most important fault in the quadrangle. It is one of the major faults of the Balcones Fault System, having been downthrown 170-350 feet to the southeast. The total displacement of all faulting in the map area is about 800 feet. / text

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Bat Cave quadrangle lies on the maturely dissected eastern margin of the Edwards Plateau. Sinkholes, caves, and other karst features are common throughout the uplands. Approximately 1,050 feet of dominantly carbonate rock comprises the ten Cretaceous formations cropping out in the quadrangle. The upper part of the Glen Rose Formation, the Walnut, Kainer, and Person Formations, the Georgetown Limestone, Del Rio Clay, Buda Limestone, Eagle Ford Shale, Austin Limestone, and Taylor Clay are exposed. The oldest and youngest rocks crop out in the northwestern and southeastern corners, respectively. Five major, downthrown to the coast, high angle, normal faults of the Balcones fault system pass through the quadrangle. Together with 86 minor antithetic, synthetic, and cross faults, they produce 1,200 feet of stratigraphic displacement from northwest to southeast. Major faults trend between N. 40° E. and N. 60° E. Minor faults have more variable orientations, but tend to strike either east-west or N. 40° E. to N. 60° E. The Upper Member of the Glen Rose Formation supplies small amounts of fair to poor quality water to wells in the northern half of the quadrangle. The Kainer and Person Formations, which yield large amounts of good quality calcium bicarbonate water, are the principal aquifers in the southern half. / text

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