This thesis aimed to identify the energy use within the Nova Scotia Layer Industry, through auditing and evaluating layer farms. Using the data collected, energy benchmarks were determined; providing a guide for achieving a measure of energy efficiency on farm. Focusing on lighting use within layer barns, this research aimed to identify how lighting is used and offer an innovative method of achieving reduced energy use without impacting hen performance or production levels.

Reducing the consumption of electricity is one of the principal areas of current research into energy saving technologies. Within this area is the effort to reduce the demand for electricity for lighting purposes. To consider just the domestic requirements, during 2011 domestic electricity consumption in the UK was 30% of a total electricity demand of 374TWh. Of this figure of 112TWh some 13TWh were used for lighting alone. This thesis describes research made in this area, in particular the manufacture of lighting luminaires making use of High Brightness Light Emitting Diodes (HBLEDs). The thesis outlines and demonstrates a methodology for the design, testing and subsequent manufacture of complete luminaires which make suitable, low energy consumption alternatives to conventional lighting using filament lamps and fluorescent fittings. Work has been done in the areas of:Thermal management, Power supply design, Luminaire design, Performance simulation in software, 'Remote phosphor’ luminaires in which LEDs with blue light outputs are used to provide blue light which is converted to usable white light by phosphor laden acrylic plates employed in luminaires for both wavelength conversion and light diffusion, Luminaire performance measurementIt is shown that substantial savings in energy (over 50%) can be made by using HBLEDs in lighting luminaires whilst producing satisfactory lighting for a variety of purposes.

This paper discuss the design and realisation of intelligent lighting system for home automation. Identifying the most adequate solution of system implementation is followed by choosing suitable components, design of electrical circuits and printed circuit boards. The project then deals with development of software for each particular device in the system and development of computer application for managing the system. The paper also treats with mechanical design and construction of devices in the system.

As a growth industry, tremendous cost pressures are pushing the LED lighting market away from traditional power electronics converters and towards solutions that are more unconventional. Lower quality LED lights use simple low-cost converters, whereas high end product may add complexity in order to achieve a more dramatic energy savings. SIMO technology represents an opportunity in LED lighting to combine the low cost of single-stage converters with the energy saving capability of a two-stage, multiple string solution. This paper describes the modeling, analysis, design, and testing of a Multiple Independently Regulated Output Flyback (MIROF) converter, used in LED lighting for the purpose of multiple string control. This converter is based upon SIMO technology applied to a PFC Flyback converter. The result was the development of a novel control method and an operational demonstration unit. A cost comparison of the MIROF and a conventional two-stage driver shows a promising cost reduction benefit for the former, and comparative testing shows favorable performance of the MIROF converter compared to the two-stage approach. / Master of Science

The Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are rapidly emerging as the dominant light source given their high luminous efficacy, long lift span, and thanks to the newly enacted efficiency standards in favor of the more environmentally-friendly LED technology. The LED lighting market is expected to reach USD 105.66 billion by 2025. As such, the lighting industry requires LED drivers, which essentially are power converters, with high efficiency, wide input/output range, low cost, small form factor, and great performance in power factor, and luminance flicker. These requirements raise new challenges beyond the traditional power converter topologies. On the other hand, the development and improvement of new device technologies such as printed thin-film capacitors and integrated high voltage/power devices opens up many new opportunities for mitigating such challenges using innovative circuit design techniques and solutions. Almost all electric products needs certain power delivery, regulation or conversion circuits to meet the optimized operation conditions. Designing a high performance power converter is a real challenge given the market’s increasing requirements on energy efficiency, size, cost, form factor, EMI performance, human health impact, and so on. The design of a LED driver system covers from high voltage AC/DC and DC/DC power converters, to high frequency low voltage digital controllers, to power factor correction (PFC) and EMI filtering techniques, and to safety solutions such as galvanic isolation. In this thesis, we study design challenges and present corresponding solutions to realize highly integrated and high performance LED drivers combining switched-capacitor and resonant converters, applying re-configurable multi-level circuit topology, utilizing sigma delta modulation, and exploring capacitive galvanic isolation. A hybrid switched-capacitor-resonant (HSCR) LED driver based on a stackable switched-capacitor (SC) converter IC rated for 15 to 20 W applications. Bulky transformers have been replaced with a SC ladder to perform high-efficiency voltage step-down conversion; an L-C resonant output network provides almost lossless current regulation and demonstrates the potential of capacitive galvanic isolation. The integrated SC modules can be stacked in the voltage domain to handle a large range of input voltage ranges that largely exceed the voltage limitation of the medium-voltage-rated 120 V silicon technology. The LED driver demonstrates > 91% efficiency over a rectified input DC voltage range from 160 VDC to 180 VDC with two stacked ICs; using a stack of four ICs > 89.6% efficiency is demonstrated over an input range from 320 VDC to 360 VDC . The LED driver can dim its output power to around 10% of the rated power while maintaining >70% efficiency with a PWM controlled clock gating circuit. Next, the design of AC main rectifier and inverter front end with sigma delta modulation is described. The proposed circuits features a pair of sigma delta controlled multilevel converters. The first is a multilevel rectifier responsible for PFC and dimming. The second is a bidirectional multilevel inverter used to cancel AC power ripple from the DC bus. The system also contains an output stage that powers the LEDs with DC and provides for galvanic isolation. Its functional performance indicates that integrated multilevel converters are a viable topology for lighting and other similar applications.

L'agriculture en milieu contrôlé, et notamment la culture sous serre, est une des réponses possibles aux besoins alimentaires d'une population mondiale en constante croissance. Elle permet aussi d'optimiser les terres cultivables et d'éviter les pesticides néfastes à l'Homme. Afin de s'affranchir des cycles des saisons et d'avoir une production annuelle continue, l'éclairage artificiel a été introduit dans les serres. L'éclairage horticole a suivi l'évolution des technologies d'éclairage pour arriver aujourd'hui jusqu'à la LED. Cet éclairage donne certes des résultats corrects mais il peut être amélioré tant au niveau de la quantité que de la qualité spectrale de lumière. De ce point de vue, les LEDs présentent deux grands avantages : la possibilité de recomposer un spectre idéal à partir de différentes longueurs d'ondes et de moduler l'intensité de la lumière. Ainsi, elles permettent de fournir un éclairage adapté aux besoins de la plante et ce, en fonction du stade de sa croissance. L'objectif de ce travail de thèse est de proposer un système d'éclairage optimal pour la croissance des plantes en milieu contrôlé. A partir du rendement photosynthétique moyen des plantes, nous avons donc établi des modèles de systèmes d'éclairage à LEDs optimisés pour les plantes. Ces modèles sont basés sur la combinaison de plusieurs LEDs monochromes obtenues à partir de la décomposition de la courbe RQE par des fonctions de Pearson VII. Nous avons appliqué ces résultats théoriques à la culture d'une algue bleue-verte : la Spiruline Platensis. Le choix de cette plante-bactérie repose sur plusieurs critères : cycle de culture court, applications en cosmétique, en médecine et forte valeur nutritionnelle. Ainsi, nous avons pu étudier l'influence de paramètres de culture tels que l'intensité lumineuse, la photopériode, la température sur sa croissance. Par ailleurs, nous avons mis en œuvre deux méthodes basées sur la réflectance optique pour quantifier la biomasse produite par la spiruline. / Agriculture in a controlled environment, and in particular greenhouse cultivation, is one of the responses to the food needs of a growing population. It also makes it possible to optimize the surface of arable land and avoid pesticide and fertilizer releases harmful to man. In order to free of the cycles of the seasons and annual production, artificial lighting was introduced greenhouses since decades. Horticultural lighting followed the evolution of lighting technologies to arrive today up to LED. This lighting gives correct results, but it can be improved both in terms of quantity and spectral quality of light. From this point of view, LEDs have two main advantages : the possibility of recompose an ideal spectrum from different wavelengths and modulate the intensity of the light. Thus, they provide adapted lighting to the needs of the plant and this, in depending on the stage of its growth. The objective of this thesis is to propose an optimal lighting system for the growth of plants in a controlled environment. From the yield photosynthesis of plants, we established models of LED lighting systems optimized. These models are based on the combination of several monochrome LEDs obtained from the decomposition of the curve RQE by Pearson VII functions. We applied these theoretical results to the cultivation of a blue-green algae, the Spirulina Platensis. The choice of this plant-bacterium is based on several criteria : short crop cycle, applications in cosmetics, medicine and high nutritional value. Thus, we were able to study the influence of culture parameters such as light intensity, photoperiod, temperature on its growth. In addition, we have implemented two methods based on optical reflectance to quantify the biomass produced by spirulina.

Taiwan lack natural and energy resource, need to import 99.3% energy. Due to the traditional high-carbon energy also supply from abroad, its supply will be impacted by international demand and production, price fluctuations, and the international politics. In recent years the international oil price surged upward, business costs were constantly raise. In this study, some small and medium businesses are taken as objects in Kaohsiung, Taiwan. In this investigation, understand the application of energy resource in those businesses, different industries have their attention to other items and differences, it can be seen on those small and medium enterprises in the concept and practice by measuring and computing power consumption. Research Methods: First, to explore the international and domestic energy and policy and the related energy research literature, interview the small and medium enterprises and observe the way of energy usage, and provide the improving solution, questionnaires and field measurements made on those enterprises, to record the response, investment willingness and problem for energy improving, statistical analysis and get the conclusion. The results showed that the prevalence among the small businesses¡¦ waste of energy, there is many invalid lighting, it is the room to improve the installation of reflective shade to effect the lighting, even replace the lamps (T8) to lamps (T5) with reflective shade, then reduce the use of lamps and power, indirectly to reduce the power consumption of air condition. This research also found there is considerable room to improve the light in the refrigerated cabinet. The traditional fluorescent lamps(T8) be used in the refrigerated cabinet. The performance is low and produce high temperature, then the refrigerated cabinet shall expand more power to reach the set temperature, if change those lamps to LED lamps could immediately reduce the loss of electricity bills. Extension of this study, there is a great improvement in the domestic building and enterprises on lighting application, it could reduce a lot of power consumption by detailed observing, detected, and improving engineer to remove lighting waste, and thus achieve carbon reduction targets by 20% of the electricity.

This diploma thesis deals with the design and testing of a system for powerline communication, enabling control of LED lights. The work first describes the basic principles of powerline communication, specifies the communication bands and summarizes the basic functional requirements for communication within the system for LED lighting control. It also describes the method of selecting a modem for powerline communication, the design of a test module with this modem and also the method of testing real communication between two test modules, including test results. The most comprehensive part of the work describes the design of hardware and software of the universal PLC module and how to use it. In addition, it referes to the development tools used as an example of implementation in LED lighting. At the end of the work are summarized the results of testing the proposed system.

Theoretical part of this thesis describes LEDs and other circuitry used for LED light design. LED light is designed, manufactured and put into operation. This thesis examines possibilities of measuring exterior light and its key parameters. The device uses two sets of LEDs – warm white and cold white to create light with parameters dependent on exterior light. LEDs are driven by constant current sources that are designed, manufactured and examined in this thesis. The device is microprocessor-controlled, which allows to switch between multiple modes of operation. Flyback SMPS is used to power the microcontroller.

My thesis is about intersection which is very dangerous, because there is´t lighting so intersection is unclear and drivers don´t to abide speed limit. There are serious accidents so I had to modify it. I designed three versions: First with concrete barriers, second is in trims and last one is spiral roundabout. Last version is more refined. Every version is with LED lighting in all area.