Six different lots of soya beans (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were examined. Seed hydroperoxide levels were highly correlated with viability, but not with moisture contents. It was proposed that moisture contents may exert a similar antioxidant effect at intermediate levels as has been observed in dry foods. Seeds treated with ferrous sulphate were significantly (S% level) invigorated. Furthermore, this treatment was observed to give rise to a reduction in the peroxide value of soya bean axes over the first hour of imbibition, an increase in 2,3,S-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride reduction and protein synthesis, and a decline in electrolyte leakage. It was proposed that this was due to the antioxidant activity of the ferrous iron, leading to an attenuation of free-radical induced autoxidation. Ferrous sulphate treated seeds produced more aldehydes than untreated seeds. This result suggested that aldehydes may not be responsible for declining seed vigour. Hexanal, pentanal and butanal production from heated dry seeds was significantly correlated with seed germination, CVG and hydroperoxide levels. The thermal breakdown of the hydroperoxides was postulated to be the source of these compounds. A GC technique was developed using model systems of oxidized methyl oleate, linoleate, linolenate and soya bean bulk oil. The analysis of seed lipid oxidation products revealed marked differences in the proportions of the products compared to bulk and monolayer oxidation. The selective production of the 13-hydroperoxide implicated enzymatic or metalloprotein involvement. The implications of the results of this study with regard to the present theories of seed ageing were discussed. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1990.

It has been suggested that lipid peroxidation is involved in the loss of seed vigour, although many attempts to examine the relationships between lipid peroxidation and seed vigour have proved equivocal. Studies were undertaken on seed lots of cabbage and soya bean to find evidence for peroxidation by the analysis of i) total and polar fatty acid levels; ii) lipid hydroperoxides; iii) volatile products produced on heating dry seeds; and iv) volatile products produced on imbibition. The loss of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) detected in the dry seeds was clearly related to germinability in both soya bean and cabbage seeds. Furthermore, an increase in hydroperoxides was observed in both seed types. Although the relationship of the level of hydroperoxides to germinability was less clear than for the decline in the level of PUFAs, these results suggested that the loss of PUFAs was possibly due to evidence the peroxidation of the seed obtained from the heating lipid, indirect of the seeds suggesting that hydroperoxide breakdown may be necessary in order that the changes in PUFAs become apparent. In contrast to the poor relationship observed between germinability and hydroperoxide level, a marked relationship between hydroperoxide level and seed moisture content was observed in the cabbage seeds. This may be significant with regard to the observed relationship between storability and seed moisture content, although no such relationship was seen in the soya beans. Certain volatile compounds derived from dry heated seeds were related to seed vigour in both seed types and evidence suggests that the lipid hydroperoxides were the source of these compounds. Although the total volatiles counts evolved from imbibing cabbage seeds showed no quantitative relationship to seed vigour, one peak was noted which was clearly associated with the vigour of these seeds. The variability in the volatiles evolved from soya beans on imbibition, however, precluded the detection of any possible relationship between these and seed vigour. In both seed types, results suggest that the volatiles derived on imbibition were of a different source to those derived on heating. A marked increase in the level of hydroperoxides was observed in whole cabbage seeds and soya bean axes of low vigour over the first hour of imbibition. This may suggest that an exacerbation of damage on imbibition was associated with low vigour seeds. In contrast to this, in the seeds of high vigour, the increase in hydroperoxide levels was markedly less or rapidly reduced, suggesting the possible activity of repair mechanisms. Ferrous ions were shown to invigorate both seed types, particularly cabbage seeds. It is suggested that the invigorating effect of these compounds was due to the facilitation of repair, including hydroperoxide breakdown and the quenching of any free radicals. / Thesis (M.Sc.)-University of Natal, Durban, 1986.

No description available.

In a cross-sectional study we examined lipoprotein composition and CETP mass in 15 sedentary and 12 exercising, healthy male volunteers, aged between 17-35 years. The exercising group were defined as individuals participating in at least five weekly 45 minute exercise sessions of an aerobic nature (60-85% estimated maximal oxygen uptake). The sedentary subjects were only irregularly engaged in bouts of physical activity, not more than 45 minutes per week. Seasonal data were collected: one data collection in the fall and one in the spring. A 20 day food and exercise journal was maintained during each season's data collection period. Blood lipids were measured on two and anthropometric and aerobic capacity testing were performed on 1 occasion during each season. Statistical analyses consisted of a two way ANOVA (exercise and season) to control for seasonal effects on blood lipids and lipoprotein levels. Pearson product moment correlations were calculated between those variables that showed significant seasonal or level of activity changes. Exercising males consumed significantly greater amounts of energy (p $<$ 0.001), carbohydrates (p $<$ 0.0001), protein (p $<$ 0.0001), and dietary fibre (p $<$ 0.0001) than sedentary males; sedentary males however, consumed significantly greater amounts of alcohol than exercising males. Exercising males had significantly higher aerobic capacities and degrees of mesomorphy than sedentary subjects and exhibited significantly lower apo AI values. No differences were noted between the 2 groups in BMI, % body fat, other plasma lipids or CETP mass. In summary, regular physical activity in young, healthy male subjects was associated with increased energy and carbohydrate intake and improved aerobic capacity as compared to sedentary subjects. Moderate differences in physical activity were not however associated with alterations in plasma lipoprotein composition or CETP concentration.

No description available.

No description available.

The purpose of this research was to determine the fatty acid composition of lipids as compared to those of normal tissue. The altered molecular structure of these lipids could cause changes in the plasma membrane fluidity and membrane integrity producing the membrane characteristics associated with carcinomas.Plasma membranes-were isolated by differential centrifugation from both tumor and normal tissue from Strong A female mice. The lipids were extracted, separated by thin-layer chromatography, saponified and the fatty acid methyl esters identified and quantified by gas chromatography. The lipids were separated into four classes, cholesterol esters, triglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipids. The carcinoma samples exhibited a reduction in the fatty acids of 10 to 14, carbons in chain length by as much as 32 percent. The level of palmitic acid increased in the tumor fractions as much as double the normal amount. The level of palmitoleic acid also increased in the tumor fractions nearly proportional to the palmitic acid. The stearic acid content in the tumor fractions increased as did the oleic acid in three of the four lipid classes, again nearly proportional to the stearic acid. Levels as high as 29 percent of henicosanoic acid in some normal tissue samples were found, but the carcinoma samples exhibited no higher than 10 percent. The increased production of heptadecadienoic acid in the carcinoma fractions along with the appearance of eicosatrienoic acid when only low scattered amounts were found in the normal fractions indicated that a shift in fatty acid biosynthesis has occurred, it would appear that in the carcinoma, the biosynthetic pathway for synthesis of fatty acids in the plasma membranes shifted from a de novo to a chain elongation pathway as the principal route.

Egg phosphatidylcholine was oxidized by atmospheric oxygen under UV light for 16 hours, and the oxidized products formed were fractionated with high-pressure liquid chromatography in reverse phase. Three fractions that appeared at retention times of 19 minutes, 21 minutes and 24 minutes respectively (fraction 19, fraction 21 and fraction 24) were isolated and stabilized by reduction with triphenylphosphine. Zinc diffusion across 1-palmitoyl-2 oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC) liposome bilayers mixed with the isolated oxidized fractions was measured. The rate constant for zinc diffusion through the POPC liposome was highest in fraction 19 followed by fraction 21 and fraction 24.NMR data suggests that all oxidized fractions were derived from the major egg polyunsaturated PC, 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine. The primary oxidized product, fraction 24 contains a mixture of isomers in which the linoleoyl group has formed the 9-hydroxy-10,12-trans-cis diene and trans-trans diene or the 13-hydroxy12,10-trans-cis diene and trans-trans diene. The primary oxidized products on further oxidation, result in secondary oxidized products, contained in fraction 21 and fraction 19.Experimental data indicates that the major components of fraction 21 are the 9-hydroxy12,13-epoxy-l0-trans-monoene (and 13-hydroxy-9,10-epoxy-11-trans-monoene) and the major components of fraction 19 are the 9,12,13-trihydroxy-l0-trans-monoene (and 9,10,13-trihydroxy-1 l-trans-monoene). / Department of Chemistry

There is no abstract available for this thesis. / School of Physical Education

Riebalų rūgščių (RR) gebėjimas sudaryti savitvarkius sluoksnius ant neorganinių medžiagų yra tinkams būdas kontroliuoti paviršių vilgumo savybes. Adsorbcijos mechanimai ant lygių paviršių yra plačiai išnagrinėti, tačiau tarppaviršiniai procesai ant nanostruktūrizuotų paviršių išlieka neaiškūs. Šiame darbe buvo nagrinėjamas RR bei metilo oleato savitvarkių sluoksnių ant Al oksi-hidroksido formavimosi mechanizmas. PM-RAIRS spektrai parodė, kad RR stipriai sąveikauja su hidroksilinto aliuminio paviršiumi per deprotonizuotas karboksilines grupes. Metilo oleato atveju dėl sąveikos metu vykstančios cheminės transformacijos (muilinimo-hidrolizės) esterio grupė persiformuoja į karboksilatų grupes. Atominės jėgos mikroskopijos pagalba buvo nustatytas paviršiaus morfologijos pokytis - ryškiai matomi reguliarūs linijiniai nanosegmentai, turintys panašius išmatavimus ir tarpusavio atstumus, kurie atsiranda išimtinai dėl riebalų rūgščių savitvarkos. Savitvarkių sluoksnių stabilumas ir vilgumo ypatybės buvo nagrinėjamos po UV/O3 poveikio, sendinimo ore bei kondicionavimo įvariose vandeninėse terpėse, atsižvelgiant į paviršiaus šiurkštį ir cheminę sudėtį. Darbe pateikti rezultatai rodo, kad aiškios koreliacijos tarp vandens drėkinimo kampo (θw) bei paviršiaus Wenzel šiurkščio nėra. θw smarkiai išauga didėjant adsorbuotų RR -CHx- grupių skaičiui. Tai leidžia teigti, kad paviršiaus hidrofobiškumą didžia dalimi lemia savitvarkiai RR sluoksniai, o šiurkštis turi tik nedidelę įtaką vilgumui... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The self-assembly of fatty acids (FA) on the surfaces of inorganic materials is a relevant way to control their wetting properties. While the mechanism of adsorption on model flat substrate is well described in the literature, interfacial processes remain poorly documented on nanostructured surfaces. Investigation of the mechanism of self-assembly of fatty acids (FA) and methyl oleate on an Al oxy-hydroxide surface was done. After the FA adsorption, the presence of coordinative bonded carboxylate species on the Al oxy-hydroxide surface is demonstrated by means of PM-IRRAS analysis. The contact of methyl oleate with the surface leads to its chemical transformation through a saponification-hydrolysis reaction. As a consequence, it binds to the surface in a manner similar to that for fatty acids. AFM demonstrated the change of morphology - the existence of highly ordered nanostructures, the formation of aligned nano-patterns, guided only by the FA self-assembly. The stability and the origin of wetting properties of the self-assembled layers was examined under UV/O3 treatment, in air and in aqueous media taking into account key parameters, namely the surface roughness and its composition. Results revealed that no correlation can be made between water contact angles and the Wenzel roughness. By contrast, water contact angle strongly increased with the amount of -CHx- groups exhibited by adsorbed FA. These findings suggest that the main origin of hydrophobisation is the presence... [to full text]