SANTOS, Paulo Ricardo Alves dos. Consórcio de milho com forrageiras: atributos físicos do solo e produtividade. 2016. 84 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Agrícola, Fortaleza, CE, 2016. / Submitted by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T13:27:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_prasantos.pdf: 1948037 bytes, checksum: e1770d22fe7e64bae84ffa607d041a49 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by demia Maia (demiamlm@gmail.com) on 2016-08-01T13:28:25Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_prasantos.pdf: 1948037 bytes, checksum: e1770d22fe7e64bae84ffa607d041a49 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-01T13:28:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2016_dis_prasantos.pdf: 1948037 bytes, checksum: e1770d22fe7e64bae84ffa607d041a49 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016 / The intensification of agricultural production systems is increasing in the current agriculture. In this sense, the simultaneous planting forage to grain crops, constitutes an alternative in the intensification of the production system, which can increase or not the productivity of the main crop, and produce straw for mulching. In order to check the occurrence of changes in the physical properties of the soil and in corn yield and dry matter production due to the corn consortium / forage in two sowing dates, this study was conducted in the experimental area of the Department of Agricultural Engineering of the Federal University of Ceará. The design was used in a randomized block design in a factorial scheme (3x2) + 1 with four replications, totaling 28 experimental units. The treatments consisted of three forages: Brachiaria, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça and Crotalaria spectabilis intercropped with maize in two of fodder sowing dates, between the lines of simultaneous sowing maize (season 1 - E1) and corn leading the V4 stage of corn (season 2 - E2), and the control. The results showed that intercropping maize / forage did not interfere in phytotechnical characteristics of corn, nor in productivity, however produced changes in soil physical properties when the day of sowing in season 1. Despite the changes that have occurred in the soil, they were not sufficient to enhance the productivity of maize, which could possibly be related assessments on only one crop cycle. But when the goal was the production of dry straw, it is concluded that fodder Brachiaria brizantha and Mombasa at the time 1 (E1) are recommended / A intensificação dos sistemas de produção agrícola é cada vez maior na atual agricultura. Nesse sentido, o plantio simultâneo de forrageiras com culturas produtoras de grãos, constitui em uma alternativa na intensificação do sistema de produção, que poderá incrementar ou não a produtividade da cultura principal, além de produzir palha para cobertura do solo. Com o objetivo de verificar a ocorrência de mudanças nas propriedades físicas do solo, bem como na produtividade do milho e produção de matéria seca em função do consórcio milho/forrageiras em duas épocas de semeadura, o presente trabalho foi conduzido na área experimental do Departamento de Engenharia Agrícola da Universidade Federal do Ceará. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos ao acaso, no esquema fatorial (3x2) + 1 com quatro repetições, totalizando 28 unidades experimentais. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três forrageiras: Brachiaria brizantha, Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça e Crotalária spectabilis consorciadas com o milho em duas épocas de semeadura das forrageiras, na entrelinha do milho simultâneo a semeadura (época 1 – E1) e na entrelinha do milho no estádio V4 do milho (época 2 – E2), além da testemunha. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a consorciação milho/forrageiras não interferiram nas características fitotécnicas do milho, nem tampouco, na produtividade, porém proporcionaram modificações nas propriedades físicas do solo quando da realização da semeadura na época 1. Apesar das modificações ocorridas no solo, as mesmas não foram suficientes em incrementar a produtividade do milho, o que possivelmente pode estar relacionado as avaliações em apenas um ciclo da cultura. Já quando o objetivo foi a produção de matéria seca de palha, conclui-se que as forrageiras Brachiaria Brizantha e Mombaça na época 1 (E1) são recomendadas

This dissertation outlines the creation and history of the Fort Worth Stockyards Company from its conception to the time of this dissertation's publication. The Fort Worth Stockyards Company was created by Greenleif W. Simpson and Louville V. Niles. This company would soon cement Fort Worth as the premier livestock producer in America, soon surpassing Chicago.

This study was motivated by the realisation that the Eastern Cape Province is a leading producer of cattle, but few to none of those cattle makes it to auction markets. The study was conducted in the Elliot area, selected as an area with a high number of Land Redistribution for Agricultural Development farms, as well as private farms and communal farmers. Most of these farmers battled to sell their cattle to the auctions or abattoirs. The objective of the study was therefore to investigate challenges facing smallholder beef cattle famers and those factors which prevented them to access auction markets to sell their cattle in the Elliot area. The second was to assess the effectiveness of the Livestock Improvement Scheme in support of smallholder beef cattle farmers in terms of the outcome and achievements of training these individuals to become successful farmers. The last was to find out how beef cattle farmers benefited from the scheme. Both semi-structured interviews and an open-ended questionnaire were used to collect data. A sample size of 10 farmers (eight farmers from LRAD/private and two from communal farmers) was selected, and observation was done on the auctions and abattoirs available in Elliot. The study found that smallholder cattle farmers struggle to sell their stock through formal and informal markets, as they are faced with marketing constraints.Such marketing constrainst are lack of marketing information, drought, poor condition of cattle, lack of infrastructure, shortage of land for grazing, price takers, stock theft, transaction costs, problems with cattle identification, and lack of physical access to markets. The study has also made recommendations on how smallholder cattle farmers of Elliot can be developed to procure markets to sell their stock.

Thesis ( M. Sc.((Agricultural Economics)) -- University of Limpopo, 2017. / Wildlife farming has become an important land use alternative, especially in most developing countries where there is an abundance of wildlife resources. In South Africa, integrated wildlife/livestock was mostly practiced by commercial farmers on a privately owned land but in recent years, potential for income generation in the industry has grown. Smallholder farmers are increasingly being assisted to explore practicing integrated wildlife/livestock on communal land after receiving land through restitution programme. The aim of the study was to examine costs and benefits associated with integrating livestock with wildlife in a smallholder agricultural context. Structured questionnaires were used to collect data from 71 respondents situated in Ba-Phalaborwa Municipality selected using multistage random sampling technique. Cost-benefit approach and weighted decision matrix were used for economic analysis and also to identify potential trade-offs. Furthermore, the study used descriptive statistical analysis to identify opportunities and challenges faced by farmers. Some of the livestock costs identified include feeds, vaccines and labour costs. Benefits of wildlife include income from trophy hunting and selling meat from wild animals. Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR) as a tool of cost benefit analysis techniques, was used in order get 0.67 in livestock farming, this shows that the project may not be sustainable whereas that of wildlife farming was 1.13 which indicate that the project will yield positive outcome for community involved. There are trade-offs that farmers will have to consider when shifting towards integrated wildlife/livestock such as reduced livestock benefits and increased wildlife benefits. Livestock diseases, stock theft and others are the identified challenges associated with integrated wildlife/livestock. Descriptive results indicated that 40% of livestock farmers mentioned that they are strongly affected by stock theft and disease transmission. The identified opportunities of integrated wildlife/livestock were business and job creation for rural households. Given the findings, the study therefore, recommends that government and private sector should assist farmers with training in wildlife farming so that they can be competitive in commercial wildlife farming. Funds should be made available for setting up infrastructure suited for wildlife land uses. / Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF)

Um ein in mikrobiologischer Hinsicht sicheres und gesundes Lebensmittel zu erhalten, sind während der Fleischgewinnung, von der landwirtschaftlichen Primärproduktion bis zur Schlachtstätte, hygienische Herstellungspraktiken erforderlich. Nachweislich wirken sich schmutzige Schlachtrinder entscheidend auf die Schlachthygiene aus. Die damit verbundene mikrobiologische Belastung des Schlachttierkörpers und die potenzielle Gefährdung für die Gesundheit der Verbraucher sind inakzeptabel. Verschmutzungen von Schlachtrindern entstehen in der Primärerzeugung, beim Transport sowie bei Anlieferung und Unterbringung der Tiere in der Schlachtstätte. Im Schlachtprozess bestehen Kontaminationsmöglichkeiten beim Betäuben, Entbluten, Vorenthäuten und beim Enthäuten. Dabei ist das Risiko der Verunreinigung im Schlachtprozess umso größer, je ausgeprägter die Verschmutzungen der lebenden Rinder bei der Anlieferung sind. Aufgabe der Schlachthygiene ist, diese Kontaminationen auf allen Stufen zu verhindern oder auf ein Mindestmaß zu beschränken. Mögliche Maßnahmen beginnen mit der Anlieferung der lebenden Tiere, die durch eine entsprechende Haltung und Fütterung oder durch vorheriges Reinigen oder Scheren, eine akzeptable Sauberkeit aufweisen. Verschmutzt angelieferte Tiere können in der Schlachtstätte gereinigt oder zurückgewiesen werden. Während des Schlachtprozesses können verschiedene verfahrenstechnische Maßnahmen, wie Zwischenreinigung der Anlage, separates Schlachten von verschmutzten Tieren, reduzierter Schlachtgeschwindigkeit oder Zurückheften des Fells beim maschinellen Enthäuten, die Schmutzübertragung verhindern. Kontaminationen, die durch diese Verfahren nicht verhindert werden, können nur noch im Nachhinein beseitigt werden mittels Wegschneiden von Verunreinigungen oder speziellen physikalischen, chemischen oder biologischen Dekontaminationsverfahren; diese haben aber entweder keine gesetzliche Zulassung oder werden aufgrund mangelnder Verbraucherakzeptanz nicht angewendet. Ziele Im Rahmen einer Literaturstudie wurden der Ursprung und die Auswirkungen von verschmutzten Schlachtrindern auf den Schlachtprozess untersucht. Anhand der Vorgaben des EU-Lebensmittelhygienerechts zur Fleischgewinnung wurden die Verantwortlichkeiten entlang der Produktionskette vom Primärerzeuger über den Schlachtstättenbetreiber und den amtlichen Tierarzt in der Schlachttier- und Fleischuntersuchung dargelegt. Maßnahmen müssen hier ansetzen, um den Eintrag von Kontaminationen auf einer frühen Stufe zu verhindern. Der amtliche Tierarzt nimmt hier eine zentrale Stellung ein. Auf der gesetzlichen Grundlage der VO (EG) Nr. 854/2004, in der als Kriterium zur Erteilung der Schlachterlaubnis gefordert wird, dass die Tiere sauber sein müssen, entscheidet er über die Zulassung der Tiere zur Schlachtung. Klare Ausführungen zur Verschmutzungseinschätzung fehlen hingegen. Die britische Clean-Livestock Policy (CLP) ist ein System zur Beurteilung der Tiersauberkeit. Sie beschreibt fünf eindeutige Verschmutzungsgrade in Wort und Bild und legt entsprechende Maßnahmen für die einzelnen Kategorien fest, die durch den Lebensmittelunternehmer an Schlachtstätten einzuleiten sind. Die CLP ist seit 1997 im englischen Fleischhygienerecht etabliert. Auch in anderen Mitgliedstaaten, wie Norwegen, Belgien, Niederlande oder Finnland, findet die Forderung nach sauberen Schlachttieren Berücksichtigung in nationalen Regelungen oder Leitlinien, die sich an Lebensmittelunternehmer oder Überwachungspersonal wenden. In Deutschland wurde die EU-rechtliche Forderung nach sauberen Schlachttieren bislang nicht durch nationale Regelungen ergänzt oder präzisiert. Material/Methode In eigenen Untersuchungen an 22.441 Schlachtrindern wurde das britische System der CLP auf Eignung im Rahmen der amtlichen Schlachttieruntersuchung getestet. Hierzu wurden Arbeitsanweisungen in Wort und Bild erstellt und die amtlichen Untersucher theoretisch und praktisch geschult. Die Befunde der Schlachttiere, die in die Verschmutzungskategorien 1-5 eingeteilt wurden, wurden statistisch ausgewertet und untersucht, welche Einflüsse auf die Tiersauberkeit im jahreszeitlichen Verlauf, im Vergleich der Untersuchungsjahre und Monate, sowie im Vergleich mit den englischen Untersuchungsbefunden zu erkennen waren. Ergebnisse Die eigenen Untersuchungen belegen, dass die Kategorisierung von Schlachttieren nach Verschmutzungsgraden einfach umzusetzen ist und einen geringen finanziellen und zeitlichen Aufwand bei größtmöglichem Nutzen mit sich bringt. Grenzfälle oder Schwierigkeiten bei der Beurteilung wurden erkannt. Die Umsetzung von Maßnahmen für Tiere mit starken Verschmutzungen hingegen ist noch nicht eindeutig gelöst. Die Ergebnisse der Verschmutzungsgrade zeigen, dass rund 50% der angelieferten Schlachttiere als „schmutzig“ eingeteilt wurden. Schlussfolgerung In der amtlichen Schlachttieruntersuchung könnte die Etablierung des CLP-Systems, mit einer eindeutigen Festlegung von Verschmutzungsgraden und den damit verbundenen Reglementierungen, eine signifikante Reduktion der Belastung der Schlachthygiene durch mittel- bis hochgradig verschmutzte Rinder ermöglichen.

No description available.

In Graaff-Reinet, domestic livestock farming and springbuck ranching are similar in that they both rely on the rangeland for their sustainability. However, as a consequence of repeated monotonous domestic livestock farming, resulting in compromised biological productivity and diversity, the rangelands have disintegrated. This, unfortunately, has placed the future sustainability of these rangelands and the livelihoods of the local people in an indeterminate state. In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in springbuck ranching for meat production as an alternative to domestic livestock farming in the area following (a) fears of worsening environmental challenges; (b) declining profitability in commercial domestic livestock farming and; (c) growing calls for the sustainable use of these rangelands for the benefit of future generations. The springbuck has emerged as a credible alternative to utilising the rangelands - as opposed to sheep - because of its promise to addressing the above challenges. This is in an attempt to tap into the multitude of benefits that the springbuck possesses (by virtue of being part of the natural capital of the area) that have a potential towards restoring ecological integrity by extenuating some of the detrimental effects of sheep farming on the rangelands and presenting opportunities for diversifying incomes. Yet, despite the general increase in interest, a resistance towards the uptake of springbuck ranching for meat production exists. The main contention is that springbuck meat production cannot out-perform the economic returns of wool sheep farming. This study attempts to address these concerns by investigating the profitability and economic sustainability of converting a sheep farm into a springbuck ranch in Graaff-Reinet. The study uses stochastic simulation to estimate the probability distribution of some key output variables, namely: net cash income, ending cash balance, real net worth and the net present value (NPV) in evaluating the profitability of converting a 5 000ha sheep-dominated farm into a springbuck-dominated ranch under three alternative scenarios. The use of stochastic simulation allows for the incorporation of downside risk associated with the production and marketing of wool, mutton and springbuck meat. The study uses stochastic prices and yields to calculate net returns variability. Incorporating scenario analysis helped to evaluate how alternative wool sheep-dominated and springbuck-dominated combinations would perform based on the probable outcomes of different assumptions in the various scenarios. By applying stochastic efficiency with respect to a function (SERF) criterion to the simulated NPVs, this study compares the profitability of alternative scenarios based on various risk aversion coefficients. The study finds that converting a 5 000ha wool sheep dominated farm into a springbuck dominated ranch could potentially be a more profitable investment than wool sheep farming over a 15 year planning horizon, in Graaff-Reinet. The SERF results indicate that for all scenarios tested, the best strategy of converting a wool sheep dominated farm into a springbuck ranch would be one which comprise a combination of 70% springbuck, 20% mutton and 10% wool production as the likely profitable enterprise mix. Using economic sustainability analysis, the study reveals that because of low costs in springbuck ranching, springbuck meat production enterprises are most likely to be more financially sustainable than wool sheep-dominated enterprises. This suggests that rangeland owners may be better off converting their wool sheep-dominated farms into springbuck-dominated ranches. Thus, as the call for more environmentally benign rangeland utilising economic-ecological systems intensifies, rangeland owners in the Eastern Cape Karoo have a practicable option. At the very least, there exists an option to broaden their incomes whilst promoting ecological restoration with springbuck meat production.

No description available.

8 pp. / Information to help reduce the occurrence of show ring fiascos. Focus is on proper preparation, selection, and the necessary time commitment that youth participants can expect.

Submitted by Jos? Henrique Henrique (jose.neves@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-05T17:30:59Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dailiene_costa_martins.pdf: 912491 bytes, checksum: 33139be95a4396938cbad99798e74ac2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2018-10-05T19:51:28Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dailiene_costa_martins.pdf: 912491 bytes, checksum: 33139be95a4396938cbad99798e74ac2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-05T19:51:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) dailiene_costa_martins.pdf: 912491 bytes, checksum: 33139be95a4396938cbad99798e74ac2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) / Os sistemas de integra??o s?o modelos de produ??o sustent?veis que visam melhor uso dos recursos naturais e insumos, gerando maior diversidade de produtos para o produtor rural aumentar sua renda. Estes sistemas s?o mais complexos, pois agregam o componente agr?cola, pecu?rio, e, tamb?m, o florestal em uma mesma ?rea, exigem maior controle do manejo das forrageiras e intera??es com o ambiente, que t?m efeito na produ??o de produtos de origem animal. Objetivou-se avaliar as caracter?sticas da pastagem e o desempenho produtivo de bovinos da ra?a Nelore, em dois sistemas de integra??o, ILP e ILPF, nas esta??es de ver?o e inverno. O experimento foi conduzido na Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande-MS, em ?rea experimental com dois sistemas, um de integra??o lavoura-pecu?ria-floresta (ILPF) com 227 ?rvores/ha de Eucalyptus urograndis e outro de integra??o lavoura-pecu?ria (ILP) com ?rvores nativas remanescentes, ambos com pastagens de Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piat?. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos ao acaso em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, em que as parcelas consistiram em dois sistemas de integra??o (ILP e ILPF) e, as subparcelas, nas esta??es do ano (inverno e ver?o). A produ??o de massa seca (PMS) de forragem foi maior no ILP (3.412 kg/ha) que no ILPF (2.308 kg/ha). Para o ganho de peso vivo (GPV) e o ganho m?dio di?rio, n?o foram encontradas diferen?as significativas (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos ILP 238,6 kg/ha; 475,4 g/cab. dia) e ILPF (268,7 kg/ha; 581,4 g/cab. dia). O desempenho animal n?o foi prejudicado pela menor massa seca de forragem no ILPF, na esta??o de ver?o. Os valores de prote?na e DIVMO da folha foram maiores no ILPF. / Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-Gradua??o em Zootecnia, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. / Integrated systems are sustainable production models that aim at better use of natural resources, generating greater diversity of products for the rural producer to increase their income. These systems are more complex, since they add the agricultural component, livestock, and also the forest in the same area, require greater control of forage management and interactions with the environment, which have an effect on the production of animal products. The objective of this study was to evaluate the forage production and animal performance of Nellore cattle in two integrated systems, ICL (integrated crop-livestock) and ICLF (integrated crop-livestock-forestry) in summer and winter season. The experiment was perfomed at Embrapa Gado de Corte, Campo Grande - MS, in an experimental area with two integrated systems, crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) with 227 trees/ ha of eucalyptus urograndis and crop-livestock (ICL) with 5 remnant native trees, both with pasture of Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Piat?. The experimental design consisted of two complete integration systems (ILP and ILPF), and the subplots, in the seasons (winter and summer). Forage dry matter production (PMS) was higher in ILP (3,412 kg / ha) than in ILPF (2,308 kg/ ha). For the live weight gain (GPV) and average daily gain, no significant differences (P> 0.05) were found between ILP treatments 238.6 kg/ ha; 475.4 g/ cab. day) and ILPF (268.7 kg/ ha, 581.4 g/ day). Animal performance was not affected by the lower dry mass of forage in the ILPF, in the summer season. The protein and IVDOM of leaf were higher in ILCF.