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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:26:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:10:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / O aumento da demanda no Brasil pelo radiofármaco [18F]FDG para exames de tomografia por emissão de pósitron (PET-CT) e sua meia-vida de 109,7 minutos exigem uma atenção especial para a cadeia produtiva deste radiofármaco. Desde a irradiação da água enriquecida em 18O até a passagem do paciente pelo tomógrafo, numa seqüência de procedimentos que pode durar até cerca de seis horas, todas as etapas da cadeia produtiva devem ter a maior confiabilidade possível, pois qualquer falha em uma das etapas será sentida na extremidade da cadeia produtiva. A falta de indicação de posição da válvula do Sistema de Carga e Descarga do Porta-alvo de 18F- no Centro de Aceleradores Cíclotron levou a perda de produção de 18F-, contaminação da Sala de Irradiação e aumento da dose dos trabalhadores envolvidos na operação e manutenção dos sistemas de irradiação. Este trabalho testou o comportamento de três tipos de sensores de posição (microswitch, reedswitch e sensor de proximidade indutivo) no ambiente da Sala de Irradiação 1.2 do Centro de Aceleradores Cíclotron, que está sujeito a altas taxas de radiação gama e nêutrons devido à produção rotineira de 18F- e 123I, através deste teste foi possível encontrar o sensor de posição mais adequado para trabalhar no porta-alvo de 18F-, e através da reprogramação do controlador lógico programável, foi possível evitar este tipo de falha durante a produção de 18F- no Centro de Aceleradores Cíclotron, e aumentar a confiabilidade na cadeia produtiva do [18F]FDG. / Dissertacao (Mestrado) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energeticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

A computer program for the analysis of loads on buildings is developed. The program determines wind loads, earthquake loads, and snow loads according to the ASCE 7-93 Standard Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7-93). The program is developed using the object-oriented programming methodology and runs on the Microsoft Windows 95 graphical environment. It is a valuable and useful tool for determining loads on buildings. / Master of Engineering

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Curtain walls provide exterior façade to modern buildings. When subjected to blast shock waves, curtain walls may suffer significant damage, potentially causing serious injuries and casualties to building occupants. Protective films, laminated glass and strengthening of mullions and transoms are used to protect curtain wall components against blast loads. Limited research is available on blast protection of curtain wall components. On the other hand, connections of curtain wall mullions with the supporting substrate, as well as mullion-transom connections form potentially vulnerable locations under blast loads. Research on these connections is lacking in the literature. Therefore, a comprehensive research project has been undertaken in this thesis to address the behavior, analysis, and design of curtain wall connections, both between the mullions and supporting concrete slabs/beams and the mullions and transoms. The research project consists of three phases: i) Experimental research using the University of Ottawa Shock Tube as blast simulator, ii) Numerical investigation based on three-dimensional finite element method (FEM) using LS-DYNA, and iii) Non-linear dynamic analysis of curtain wall systems based on a single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) to develop a connection design procedure. The experimental phase consisted of tests of three full-size curtain walls mounted on steel HSS sections of the Shock Tube to investigate mullion-to-transom connections and nine single mullions connected to concrete beams to investigate mullion-to-concrete substrate connection. The single mullions either represented floor-to-floor mullions or continuous mullions over the supporting slab. They were connected to concrete beams (representing floor slabs) by means of brackets, which provided high degree of rotational restraints and full translational restraints or connected through damping materials (springs or HRD rubber pads), which allowed translational movements as they dampened the effects of the shock wave. The numerical investigation involved FEM analysis and modeling of all the test specimens. The first step involved the validation of numerical models against test data. The analysis was then extended to conduct a parametric investigation to cover cases that have not been covered in the experiments. This resulted in the investigation of six different design parameters used in connection design. The numerical outcomes illustrated the importance of blast effects on connection design parameters, support reactions, curtain wall response, force and stress distributions on curtain wall components. The information gathered through experimental and numerical research on connection performance led to the formulation of a connection design procedure. Single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) dynamic analysis technique was adopted to curtain wall analysis as a tool to compute connection design forces. Both the Uniform Facilities Criteria (UFC) charted solution (manual calculations) and two computer software developed at the University of Ottawa (RC-Blast and CW-Blast) were used to conduct SDOF analysis to validate the procedure against experimental and numerical results before they were recommended as design tools. Finally, the details of connection design are provided for different types of connections.