published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-06Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:40:47Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 borsatto_ea_dr_jabo.pdf: 557549 bytes, checksum: 1b07b6fc386cbfbab60d13009c510e7f (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / O trabalho teve como objetivo a análise operacional de uma semeadora– adubadora, avaliando-se a influência da pressão de inflação do pneu acionador da semeadora na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.), em sistema de plantio direto, em três tipos de manejo. O experimento foi implantado em área do Laboratório de Máquinas e Mecanização Agrícola do Departamento de Engenharia Rural - Unesp/Jaboticabal, em Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico. O experimento foi composto por três sistemas de manejo da cultura do sorgo; combinados com três pressões de inflação do pneu de acionamento dos mecanismos dosadores da semeadora-adubadora em esquema fatorial 3 x 3 com 4 repetições. Os manejos utilizados foram: Controle Químico (dessecação); Controle Químico mais Controle Mecânico (Triturador de Palhas) e Controle Químico mais Controle Mecânico (Rolo Faca). Foram avaliados para caracterização da área experimental os parâmetros: porcentagem de cobertura vegetal no solo, massa seca da cobertura vegetal e resistência mecânica do solo a penetração. Para caracterização das plantas foram analisados: número de dias para emergência, população inicial e final, distribuição longitudinal, altura de inserção da espiga viável e produtividade. Para caracterização de desempenho do conjunto trator-semeadora-adubadora foram avaliados: força de tração, velocidade de real deslocamento, eficiência de deslocamento, potência, capacidade de campo operacional, tempo efetivo, consumo de energia, consumo horário, consumo operacional, consumo ponderal, consumo especifico, patinagem do trator e patinagem da semeadora. Os resultados indicam que a pressão do pneu da semeadora afetou a força de tração, potência, potência de pico, velocidade real de deslocamento, eficiência de deslocamento, capacidade de campo operacional, tempo efetivo, consumo de energia médio, consumo horário e o consumo ponderal. / The work had for objective the operational analysis of a seeder-fertilizer, evaluating the influence of the tire inflation pressure of the trigger seed in maize (Zea mays L.) in no till system in three types of management . The experiment was located in an area of the Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery and Mechanization Department of Rural Engineering - Unesp / Jaboticabal in Oxisol. The experiment was composed of three management systems of the culture of sorghum, combined with three of the tire inflation pressures of drive mechanisms doser of seeder-fertilizer in a factorial 3 x 3 with 4 replications. The managements were: Chemical Control (desiccation); Mechanical Control Chemical Control more (Grinder of straw) and more control Chemical Control Mechanical (Roll Knife). Were evaluated for characterization of the Experimental parameters: percentage of vegetation cover in soil, dry mass of vegetation cover and soil mechanical resistance to penetration. For characterization of the plants were analyzed: number of days to emergence, initial and final population, longitudinal distribution, time of insertion of the spike viable and productivity. To characterize the performance of all tractor-seeder-fertilizer were evaluated: the force of traction, speed of displacement, the displacement efficiency, power, capacity of the operational field, effective time, energy consumption, time consumption, consumption operational, mass consumption, specific consumption, skating rink of the tractor and seeder. The results indicate that the tire pressure of the seed affect the force of traction, power, peak power, real speed of displacement, the displacement efficiency, field capacity operational, effective time, average power consumption, time consumption and the consumption weight.

Este trabalho visa localizar os pontos de proibição de ultrapassagem em uma rodovia, buscando conhecer e avaliar de forma prática e precisa os locais das marcações das faixas de sinalização horizontal, analisando-se um método moderno baseado nas informações dos satélites artificiais do Sistema de Posicionamento Global - GPS, e os métodos clássicos de levantamentos topográficos utilizados. Apresenta-se uma revisão dos principais conceitos relacionados ao perfil longitudinal, à distância de visibilidade nas curvas verticais e aos métodos utilizados para levantamento. Os resultados gráficos permitiram uma avaliação dos perfis e das marcações, obtendo-se um resultado satisfatório na avaliação do método moderno. / This work has the objective to locate the points of no passing lanes on a road, trying to know and evaluate in a practical and accurate way the places of horizontal signalization, analyzing a modern method based in collected information from the artificial satellites of the Global Positioning System - GPS, and classic methods of surveying. A review of the main concepts related to the longitudinal profile, of the sight distance in vertical turns, and to the methods used to surveying the graphic results permitted the evolution of profiles and marking, obtaining a satisfactory result in the evolution of the modern method.

Este trabalho visa localizar os pontos de proibição de ultrapassagem em uma rodovia, buscando conhecer e avaliar de forma prática e precisa os locais das marcações das faixas de sinalização horizontal, analisando-se um método moderno baseado nas informações dos satélites artificiais do Sistema de Posicionamento Global - GPS, e os métodos clássicos de levantamentos topográficos utilizados. Apresenta-se uma revisão dos principais conceitos relacionados ao perfil longitudinal, à distância de visibilidade nas curvas verticais e aos métodos utilizados para levantamento. Os resultados gráficos permitiram uma avaliação dos perfis e das marcações, obtendo-se um resultado satisfatório na avaliação do método moderno. / This work has the objective to locate the points of no passing lanes on a road, trying to know and evaluate in a practical and accurate way the places of horizontal signalization, analyzing a modern method based in collected information from the artificial satellites of the Global Positioning System - GPS, and classic methods of surveying. A review of the main concepts related to the longitudinal profile, of the sight distance in vertical turns, and to the methods used to surveying the graphic results permitted the evolution of profiles and marking, obtaining a satisfactory result in the evolution of the modern method.

The purpose of this study was to examine conditions under which functional ability predicts relocation of older persons. Data for this study came from a sample of 6,225 respondents aged 70 or older, who were interviewed both at Wave 1 (1993) and 2 (1995) of a longitudinal national survey of Asset and Health Dynamics Among the Oldest Old (AHEAD). Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the effects of functional ability, functional ability and assistance from human resources, and functional ability and built-environment features on the probability of relocation when socio-demographic variables were controlled. Important findings are, first, differences in functional ability differentially predict future relocation behavior of older persons and, second, the existence of built-environment features in a residence has a reducing effect on the probability of entrance into an institutional setting in conjunction with functional difficulty. Household ADL decline between 1993 and 1995, as well as advanced ADL (i.e., cognitive ADL) and lower body activity difficulty in 1993, were predictors of the increased probability of residential moves occurred over the same period. Basic, household, and advanced ADL decline between 1993 and 1995, as well as basic, household, advanced ADL, and lower body activity difficulty in 1993, were predictors of the increased probability of entrances into an institutional setting occurred over the same period. Older persons who lived in a residence with built-environment features in 1993 were less likely to enter an institutional setting when they experienced basic ADL or lower body activity declines between 1993 and 1995. The onset of LBA and/or AADL difficulty triggered residential moves. Efforts to enhance the independent living of older persons in the community setting should target the compensation of LBA and/or AADL difficulty. / Graduation date: 2001

Data showing a trend that characterizes a change due to a shock to the system are a type of changepoint data, and may be referred to as shock-through data. As a result of the shock, this type of data may exhibit one of two types of transitions: gradual or abrupt. Although shock-through data are of particular interest in many areas of study such as biological, medical, health and environmental applications, previous research has shown that statistical inference from modeling the trend is challenging in the presence of discontinuous derivatives. Further complications arise when we have (1) longitudinal data, and/or (2) samples which come from two potential populations: one with a gradual transition, and the other abrupt. Bent-cable regression is an appealing statistical tool to model shock-through data due to the model's flexibility while being parsimonious with greatly interpretable regression coefficients. It comprises two linear segments (incoming and outgoing) joined by a quadratic bend. In this thesis, we develop extended bent-cable methodology for longitudinal data in a Bayesian framework to account for both types of transitions; inference for the transition type is driven by the data rather than a presumption about the nature of the transition. We describe explicitly the computationally intensive Bayesian implementation of the methodology. Moreover, we describe modeling only one type of transition, which is a special case of this more general model. We demonstrate our methodology by a simulation study, and with two applications: (1) assessing the transition to early hypothermia in a rat model, and (2) understanding CFC-11 trends monitored globally. Our methodology can be further extended at the cost of both theoretical and computational extensiveness. For example, we assume that the two populations mentioned above share common intercept and slopes in the incoming and outgoing phases, an assumption that can be relaxed for instances when intercept and slope parameters could behave differently between populations. In addition to this, we discuss several other directions for future research out of the proposed methodology presented in this thesis.

Data showing a trend that characterizes a change due to a shock to the system are a type of changepoint data, and may be referred to as shock-through data. As a result of the shock, this type of data may exhibit one of two types of transitions: gradual or abrupt. Although shock-through data are of particular interest in many areas of study such as biological, medical, health and environmental applications, previous research has shown that statistical inference from modeling the trend is challenging in the presence of discontinuous derivatives. Further complications arise when we have (1) longitudinal data, and/or (2) samples which come from two potential populations: one with a gradual transition, and the other abrupt. Bent-cable regression is an appealing statistical tool to model shock-through data due to the model's flexibility while being parsimonious with greatly interpretable regression coefficients. It comprises two linear segments (incoming and outgoing) joined by a quadratic bend. In this thesis, we develop extended bent-cable methodology for longitudinal data in a Bayesian framework to account for both types of transitions; inference for the transition type is driven by the data rather than a presumption about the nature of the transition. We describe explicitly the computationally intensive Bayesian implementation of the methodology. Moreover, we describe modeling only one type of transition, which is a special case of this more general model. We demonstrate our methodology by a simulation study, and with two applications: (1) assessing the transition to early hypothermia in a rat model, and (2) understanding CFC-11 trends monitored globally. Our methodology can be further extended at the cost of both theoretical and computational extensiveness. For example, we assume that the two populations mentioned above share common intercept and slopes in the incoming and outgoing phases, an assumption that can be relaxed for instances when intercept and slope parameters could behave differently between populations. In addition to this, we discuss several other directions for future research out of the proposed methodology presented in this thesis.

published_or_final_version / Medicine / Master / Doctor of Medicine

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