abstract: Horn antennas have been used for over a hundred years. They have a wide variety of uses where they are a basic and popular microwave antenna for many practical applications, such as feed elements for communication reflector dishes on satellite or point-to-point relay antennas. They are also widely utilized as gain standards for calibration and gain measurement of other antennas. The gain and loss factor of conical horns are revisited in this dissertation based on spherical and quadratic aperture phase distributions. The gain is compared with published classical data in an attempt to confirm their validity and accuracy and to determine whether they were derived based on spherical or quadratic aperture phase distributions. In this work, it is demonstrated that the gain of a conical horn antenna obtained by using a spherical phase distribution is in close agreement with published classical data. Moreover, more accurate expressions for the loss factor, to account for amplitude and phase tapers over the horn aperture, are derived. New formulas for the design of optimum gain conical horns, based on the more accurate spherical aperture phase distribution, are derived. To better understand the impact of edge diffractions on aperture antenna performance, an extensive investigation of the edge diffractions impact is undertaken in this dissertation for commercial aperture antennas. The impact of finite uncoated and coated PEC ground plane edge diffractions on the amplitude patterns in the principal planes of circular apertures is intensively examined. Similarly, aperture edge diffractions of aperture antennas without ground planes are examined. Computational results obtained by the analytical model are compared with experimental and HFSS-simulated results for all cases studied. In addition, the impact of the ground plane size, coating thickness, and relative permittivity of the dielectric layer on the radiation amplitude in the back region has been examined. This investigation indicates that the edge diffractions do impact the main forward lobe pattern, especially in the E plane. Their most significant contribution appears in far side and back lobes. This work demonstrates that the finite edge contributors must be considered to obtain more accurate amplitude patterns of aperture antennas. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2014

This work deals with current application of the developing field of post-warranty service of old turbines in the energy sector. There are described various types of repairs following the recommendations of commonly performed actions. Revision finding is focused on back-pressure steam turbine marked R12-9 / 2, which was scheduled for overhaul after 180 000 operating hours. Revision findings include a detailed description of the turbine and method of repair. It is also performed calculating the losses in the axial blade stage of cascade by AMDC-KO methodology on because of the choice type of blading and then comparing by technical justification for the choice of one of the variants for the customer.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-07-29T15:08:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EFEITOS DE CARGAS NAO-LINEARES.pdf: 1238178 bytes, checksum: 7e5ce254fff10ac951edcf5de73046a3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-05-30 / The intense use of solid state converters that use semiconductor in processing electric power of electrical and electronic equipment brings great benefits such as lower cost, greater efficiency and comfort, but also brings disadvantages, because when connected to the distribution system of electricity produced currents distorted relative to the sinusoidal waveform.. Thus also cause nonsinusoidal voltages that produce additional losses in conductors, transformers and also in its own equipment that generated them. In transformers feeding nonlinear loads occur further losses, which increase the temperature and compromising the insulation life. The factors used and internationally recommended in UL 1561-1994 (K-factor) and IEEE Std C57.110-2008 (Harmonic Loss Factor - FHL) to calculate maximum power three-phase transformers operating in these conditions will be objects of comparison. This work, performed in the laboratory with two three-phase transformers connected in the configuration back-to-back, aims to conduct a survey of actual losses in transformers under linear and nonlinear load and also propose a new scale factor that the three-phase transformers feeding these specific charges. Another aspect to be addressed is planning the design of transformers using these factors. The measurements and data processing are performed at low voltages of the transformers and use transducers voltage and current with high accuracy and LabVIEW programming. / O uso intenso de conversores que utilizam semicondutores no processamento da energia elétrica dentro dos equipamentos elétricos e eletrônicos traz grandes benefícios como menor custo, maior eficiência e mais conforto, contudo traz também desvantagens, pois, quando conectados ao sistema de distribuição de energia elétrica produzem correntes distorcidas em relação à forma de onda senoidal. Desta forma, causam também deformações na forma de onda das tensões. Estes efeitos produzem perdas adicionais em condutores, transformadores e também nos próprios equipamentos que as gerou. Em transformadores, quando do suprimento de cargas não-lineares, ocorrem perdas adicionais, que elevam a temperatura comprometendo a isolação e a sua vida útil. Os fatores usados internacionalmente e recomendados na UL 1561-1994 (Fator K) e na IEEE Std C57.110-2008 (Fator de Perda Harmônica - FHL) para cálculo da potência máxima em transformadores trifásicos operando nestas condições serão objetos de comparação. Este trabalho, realizado em laboratório com dois transformadores trifásicos conectados na configuração back-to-back, tem por objetivo realizar um levantamento real das perdas em transformadores submetidos às cargas lineares e não-lineares e também propor um novo fator que dimensione os transformadores trifásicos alimentando estas cargas específicas. Outro aspecto que será abordado é o planejamento do dimensionamento de transformadores utilizando-se destes fatores. As medições e tratamento de dados são realizados nas tensões inferiores dos transformadores que utilizam transdutores de tensão e de corrente de alta precisão e programação em LabVIEW.

This work deals with issues of elecroinsulating varnish and composite materials. The general aim is to observe impact of fulfilment and size of particle against measured values.

The subject of this thesis are composite materials, measuring of their dielectric qualities, particularly of the polyamide and the polyamide filled with various weight percentage of the ground mica. The essential intent of the thesis is to determine the measuring methodology and respective measurement of the basic dielectrical quantities of materials, as are loss factor and the complex permitivity components. The measuring should be done for various temperature and humidity combinations. The thesic contains the physical explanation of measured dependences.

This work deals with issues of dielectric composite materials. The general aim is to observe how the amout of nanofilling influence dielectric spectrum in dependence on relative humidity and temperature which is measured on prepared samples. For this purpose had been created variety of a samples of electroinsulating varnish with different percentage of filling with nanoparticles. Experimental material is epoxy resin NH91 LV filled by Al2O3 nanoparticles.

This work deals with issues of composite materials. The general aim is to observe how the amout of filling infuence dielectric spectrum which is measured on prepared samples. For this purpose had been created variety of a samples with different percentage of filling with mica. Measured values had been compared with theoretically values, determinated using mixture formulas.

The present work deals with the electrical properties of nanocomposite materials. Samples for the experiment are made of epoxy resin as a matrix and oxides TiO2, Al2O3, WO3, SiO2 as nanofillers in 0.5 and 1 percent performance. The experimental samples are measured in temperature and frequency dependence of relative permittivity, dissipation factor, rezistivity and are broken down by the influence of filler on the electrical properties of the polymer. Attention is also paid to the mechanical properties of nanocomposites.

This master `s thesis deals about the dielectric properties of water. It describes the basic chemical and physical properties of water and its distribution in terms of structure. It also describes the basic parameters of distilled water, deionized and superclean. In the chapter number 5 described the behavior of dielectrics in an electric field, determining the dipole moment by Claus-Mossotti 'equation, measurement of permittivity and loss factor. Practical part is consists of the design of the electrode systém, of measuring the water quality and evaluation of measured data

The present master´s thesis deals with the electrical properties of nanocomposite materials. Samples for the experiment are made epoxi resin and oxides TiO2 and Al2O3 as nanofillers in different percent performace. The samples nanocomposites are measured temperature dependence of the resistivity inside, dissipation factor and relative permittivity. It discusses the effect of the filler on the resulting electrical properties of the polymer.