• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 4
  • 4
  • 3
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • 2
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Dosimetria gama e concentração de 222Rn em ambientes de trabalho fechados da cidade de São Paulo / Gamma dosimetry and 222Rn concentration in indoor workplaces of São Paulo

Ccallata, Henry Sixto Javier 01 February 2005 (has links)
Neste trabalho apresentamos a avaliação da taxa de dose gama ambiental e da concentração de 222Rn no ar de 16 ambientes de centros de radioterapia e 15 locais de 7 estações do Metrô da cidade de São Paulo. Os locais estudados foram ambientes fechados com permanência contínua de trabalhadores. Os ambientes de trabalho nas maiores profundidades das estações do Metrô nas linhas 1, 2 e 3 e recintos de trabalho em radioterapias da cidade de São Paulo, foram considerados. As medidas se basearam na exposição de dois tipos de detectores passivos: TL (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) e SSNTD (LR-115 II), durante um período de 5 meses, Nov.-2003 até Mar.-2004. Na determinação da concentração do 222Rn foi utilizado um monitor que evita a entrada dos descendentes de radônio no volume de detecção, e que foi calibrado contra um monitor NRPB/SSI em ambiente com e sem ventilação forçada. Além das medidas TL, foram feitas medidas da taxa de dose absorvida in situ com um contador Geiger Müller em cada local. Os resultados mostraram que nos locais estudados, caracterizados por ter pequena troca de ar com o exterior, os valores médios da concentração do gás 222Rn são mais altos que os relatados mundialmente para ambientes domésticos e outros recintos de trabalho fechados. O valor médio da concentração de 222Rn para as estações de Metrô e para as radioterapias foram de 0,81 kBq/m3 e 0,66 kBq/m3 respectivamente, com desvios padrão de 0,04 e 0,08 kBq/m3. Esperava-se valores altos de concentração de 222Rn, mais não tão elevados. Estes valores estariam dentro da faixa de intervenção definidas pelo ICRP, para 40 horas semanais de trabalho (500 a 1500 Bq/m3). Devido a não ter sido possível testar o ingresso de torônio (220Rn) no monitor utilizado, há uma possibilidade de parte dessa concentração de ser torônio, que não contribuiria para a dose efetiva da mesma maneira que o radônio. Adicionalmente, a taxa de dose absorvida, devida a radiação gama ambiental foi semelhante em todos os locais, com um valor médio de 220 nGy/h com um desvio padrão de 31 nGy/h, que está no grupo mais elevado de valores recentemente medidos em outros locais fechados da cidade de São Paulo. Tanto a taxa de dose gama e concentração de 222Rn de cada ambiente apresentaram valores homogêneos, isto devido às características similares dos locais. Como as taxas de dose gama não são especialmente altas, tudo leva a crer que a baixa troca de ar com o exterior é o fator de maior importância para os altos valores na concentração de radônio. / In this work we present the evaluation of the ambient gamma dose rates and the concentration of 222Rn in the air of 16 rooms of radiotherapy centers and 15 places of seven subway stations in the city of São Paulo. The places included in this study were indoor places with continuous permanence of workers. The deepest working places of the subway stations in lines 1, 2 and 3 and working rooms in radiotherapy centers had been considered. The measurements were based on the exposition of two types of passive detectors: TL (LiF:Mg, Cu, P) and SSNTD (LR-115 II) during a period of 5 months, from Nov.-2003 to Mar.-2004. In the determination of the concentration of 222Rn a monitor supporting the SSNTD was used, which prevents the entrance of radon progeny in the volume of detection. It was calibrated against a monitor NRPB/SSI in environments with and without forced ventilation. Besides the TL measurements, gamma dose rates were evaluated in situ with Geiger Müller counter at the end of expositions. The results show that in the studied workplaces, characterized as low ventilation rooms, the average values of the concentration of the 222Rn gas are higher than reported worldwide for domestic environments and other of indoor workplaces. The average values of radon concentration in the subway stations and radiotherapy centers were 0,81 kBq/m3 and 0,66 kBq/m3 respectively and standard deviations of 0,04 and 0,08 kBq/m3. High values were expected but not so elevated. These values would be in the range of intervention defined by ICRP, for 40 hours of work per week (500 to 1500 Bq/m3). The impossibility of testing the entrance of thoron (220Rn) in the used monitor suggests the possibility that part of this concentration would be thoron, that does not contribute to the effective dose in the same way as 222Rn. Additionally, the gamma dose rates were similar in all the studied places, with an average value of 220 nGy/h, standard deviation of 31 nGy/h, value that is in the highest group of values measured in other indoor places in the city of São Paulo. Both the gamma dose rate and the concentration of 222Rn in each environment presented homogeneous values, due to similar characteristics of the places. As the gamma dose rates are not especially high, there is a strong indication that low air exchange with the exterior is the main cause for the high values obtained for the radon concentration.
2

Dosimetria gama e concentração de 222Rn em ambientes de trabalho fechados da cidade de São Paulo / Gamma dosimetry and 222Rn concentration in indoor workplaces of São Paulo

Henry Sixto Javier Ccallata 01 February 2005 (has links)
Neste trabalho apresentamos a avaliação da taxa de dose gama ambiental e da concentração de 222Rn no ar de 16 ambientes de centros de radioterapia e 15 locais de 7 estações do Metrô da cidade de São Paulo. Os locais estudados foram ambientes fechados com permanência contínua de trabalhadores. Os ambientes de trabalho nas maiores profundidades das estações do Metrô nas linhas 1, 2 e 3 e recintos de trabalho em radioterapias da cidade de São Paulo, foram considerados. As medidas se basearam na exposição de dois tipos de detectores passivos: TL (LiF:Mg,Cu,P) e SSNTD (LR-115 II), durante um período de 5 meses, Nov.-2003 até Mar.-2004. Na determinação da concentração do 222Rn foi utilizado um monitor que evita a entrada dos descendentes de radônio no volume de detecção, e que foi calibrado contra um monitor NRPB/SSI em ambiente com e sem ventilação forçada. Além das medidas TL, foram feitas medidas da taxa de dose absorvida in situ com um contador Geiger Müller em cada local. Os resultados mostraram que nos locais estudados, caracterizados por ter pequena troca de ar com o exterior, os valores médios da concentração do gás 222Rn são mais altos que os relatados mundialmente para ambientes domésticos e outros recintos de trabalho fechados. O valor médio da concentração de 222Rn para as estações de Metrô e para as radioterapias foram de 0,81 kBq/m3 e 0,66 kBq/m3 respectivamente, com desvios padrão de 0,04 e 0,08 kBq/m3. Esperava-se valores altos de concentração de 222Rn, mais não tão elevados. Estes valores estariam dentro da faixa de intervenção definidas pelo ICRP, para 40 horas semanais de trabalho (500 a 1500 Bq/m3). Devido a não ter sido possível testar o ingresso de torônio (220Rn) no monitor utilizado, há uma possibilidade de parte dessa concentração de ser torônio, que não contribuiria para a dose efetiva da mesma maneira que o radônio. Adicionalmente, a taxa de dose absorvida, devida a radiação gama ambiental foi semelhante em todos os locais, com um valor médio de 220 nGy/h com um desvio padrão de 31 nGy/h, que está no grupo mais elevado de valores recentemente medidos em outros locais fechados da cidade de São Paulo. Tanto a taxa de dose gama e concentração de 222Rn de cada ambiente apresentaram valores homogêneos, isto devido às características similares dos locais. Como as taxas de dose gama não são especialmente altas, tudo leva a crer que a baixa troca de ar com o exterior é o fator de maior importância para os altos valores na concentração de radônio. / In this work we present the evaluation of the ambient gamma dose rates and the concentration of 222Rn in the air of 16 rooms of radiotherapy centers and 15 places of seven subway stations in the city of São Paulo. The places included in this study were indoor places with continuous permanence of workers. The deepest working places of the subway stations in lines 1, 2 and 3 and working rooms in radiotherapy centers had been considered. The measurements were based on the exposition of two types of passive detectors: TL (LiF:Mg, Cu, P) and SSNTD (LR-115 II) during a period of 5 months, from Nov.-2003 to Mar.-2004. In the determination of the concentration of 222Rn a monitor supporting the SSNTD was used, which prevents the entrance of radon progeny in the volume of detection. It was calibrated against a monitor NRPB/SSI in environments with and without forced ventilation. Besides the TL measurements, gamma dose rates were evaluated in situ with Geiger Müller counter at the end of expositions. The results show that in the studied workplaces, characterized as low ventilation rooms, the average values of the concentration of the 222Rn gas are higher than reported worldwide for domestic environments and other of indoor workplaces. The average values of radon concentration in the subway stations and radiotherapy centers were 0,81 kBq/m3 and 0,66 kBq/m3 respectively and standard deviations of 0,04 and 0,08 kBq/m3. High values were expected but not so elevated. These values would be in the range of intervention defined by ICRP, for 40 hours of work per week (500 to 1500 Bq/m3). The impossibility of testing the entrance of thoron (220Rn) in the used monitor suggests the possibility that part of this concentration would be thoron, that does not contribute to the effective dose in the same way as 222Rn. Additionally, the gamma dose rates were similar in all the studied places, with an average value of 220 nGy/h, standard deviation of 31 nGy/h, value that is in the highest group of values measured in other indoor places in the city of São Paulo. Both the gamma dose rate and the concentration of 222Rn in each environment presented homogeneous values, due to similar characteristics of the places. As the gamma dose rates are not especially high, there is a strong indication that low air exchange with the exterior is the main cause for the high values obtained for the radon concentration.
3

Etude et caractérisation des fonctions de réponse des détecteurs solides de traces nucléaires : applications à la dosimétrie radon et neutron / Study and characterization of the response functions of solid state nuclear track detector : application to radon and neutron dosimetry

Traore, Issiaka 07 June 2013 (has links)
Cette thèse a été préparée en cotutelle entre l’Université de Strasbourg et l’Université des SciencesTechniques et Technologies de Bamako (Mali). Elle s’articule principalement autour de la caractérisation des Détecteurs Solides de Traces Nucléaires (DSTN) afin de les utiliser pour la métrologie du radon et des neutrons conformément aux nouvelles recommandations de la Commission Internationale de Protection Radiologique (CIPR-103). Les fonctions de réponse de PN3 et Neutrak, associés avec des convertisseurs adaptés, ont été étudiés en les irradiant par des neutrons du calibrateur Am-Be de l’IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien), aux protons de 1 à 3 MeV de l’accélérateur Van de Graaff de l’INESS (INstitut d’Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes) et par des neutrons de référence thermiques et rapides auprès des installations de l’IRSN (Institut de Radiologie et de Sûreté Nucléaire). En dosimétrie neutronique, nous avons pu reproduire les résultats d’un test d’intercomparaison pour des neutrons rapides organisé par l’IRSN qui a validé nos mesures expérimentales, ce qui a permis de les appliquer aux neutrons thermiques. Un prototype de dosimètre neutrons basé sur la détection des thermiques a été testé avec succès au calibrateur de l’IPHC. Nous avons ainsi pu démontrer la faisabilité d’un dosimètre pouvant discriminer la contribution des neutrons thermiques des neutrons rapides par des convertisseurs chargés en bore BE10 et BN1. Les étalonnages de PN3 par des protons et des particules alpha permettraient de reconstituer le spectre en énergie des neutrons et de déterminer la dose associée.En métrologie radon, l’étalonnage de CR-39 dans une chambre à 222Rn a fourni une valeur de 0,12±0,02tr.cm-2.j-1.Bq-1.m3. Elle a été comparée à la valeur 0,13 tr.cm-2.j-1.Bq-1.m3 obtenue par simulation Monte Carlo à l’aide du code MCNPX. Comme application, la concentration et la dose effective annuelle du radon ont été déterminées pour la première fois dans des habitats de Bamako. Toutes les valeurs obtenues se trouvent dans les limites de sécurité recommandées par la CIPR. Également pour la première fois, des mesures par spectrométrie gamma et par contact radiographie ont été réalisées sur des échantillons de sol malien. Les activités massiques mesurées pour les régions de Ségou, Sikasso, Bamako et Kayes se trouvent dans la gamme de 19,9 à 132 Bq.kg-1. / This thesis was prepared in cotutelage between the University of Strasbourg and the University of Technical Sciences and Technology of Bamako (Mali). It deals principally with the characterization of Solid State Nuclear Track Detectors (SSNTD) for measuring radon and neutrons in conformity with the new recommendations of the International Commission for Radiation Protection (CIPR-103). The response functions of PN3 and Neutrak, associated with adapted converters, have been studied in irradiations with neutrons at the Am-Be irradiator of the IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien), with 1 to 3 MeV protons of the Van de Graaff accelerator of the INESS (INstitut d’Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes)and by reference thermal and fast neutrons at the IRSN (Institut de Radiologie et de Sûreté Nucléaire).As concerns neutron dosimetry, we could reproduce the results of fast neutron intercomparison test organized by the IRSN, which validated our experimental methods and permits them to be applied to thermal neutrons. A prototype neutron dosimeter based on thermal detection has been successfully tested at theIPHC’s irradiator. The feasibility of a dosimeter to discriminate thermal and fast neutrons using boron containing BE10 and BN1 converters has been demonstrated. Calibrations of PN3 with protons and alphaparticles will permit reconstituting neutron energy spectrum and to determine the associated dose.Calibration of CR-39 in a 222Rn chamber furnished the value 0.12± 0.02 tr.cm-2.d-1.Bq-1.m3 that can becompared to the value 0.13 tr.cm-2.d-1.Bq-1.m3 obtained by MCNPX simulation. As an application, the concentration and annual effective dose of radon has been determined for the first time in some dwellings of Bamako. All of the values are within the security limits recommended by the CIPR. Also for the first time,measurements by gamma spectrometry and by contact radiography were made on samples of Malian soil.The mass activities measured for the regions of Ségou, Sikasso, Bamako and Kayes fall in the range of 19.9to 132 Bq.kg-1.
4

Etude et caractérisation des fonctions de réponse des détecteurs solides de traces nucléaires : applications à la dosimétrie radon et neutron

Traore, Issiaka 07 June 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Cette thèse a été préparée en cotutelle entre l'Université de Strasbourg et l'Université des SciencesTechniques et Technologies de Bamako (Mali). Elle s'articule principalement autour de la caractérisation des Détecteurs Solides de Traces Nucléaires (DSTN) afin de les utiliser pour la métrologie du radon et des neutrons conformément aux nouvelles recommandations de la Commission Internationale de Protection Radiologique (CIPR-103). Les fonctions de réponse de PN3 et Neutrak, associés avec des convertisseurs adaptés, ont été étudiés en les irradiant par des neutrons du calibrateur Am-Be de l'IPHC (Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien), aux protons de 1 à 3 MeV de l'accélérateur Van de Graaff de l'INESS (INstitut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes) et par des neutrons de référence thermiques et rapides auprès des installations de l'IRSN (Institut de Radiologie et de Sûreté Nucléaire). En dosimétrie neutronique, nous avons pu reproduire les résultats d'un test d'intercomparaison pour des neutrons rapides organisé par l'IRSN qui a validé nos mesures expérimentales, ce qui a permis de les appliquer aux neutrons thermiques. Un prototype de dosimètre neutrons basé sur la détection des thermiques a été testé avec succès au calibrateur de l'IPHC. Nous avons ainsi pu démontrer la faisabilité d'un dosimètre pouvant discriminer la contribution des neutrons thermiques des neutrons rapides par des convertisseurs chargés en bore BE10 et BN1. Les étalonnages de PN3 par des protons et des particules alpha permettraient de reconstituer le spectre en énergie des neutrons et de déterminer la dose associée.En métrologie radon, l'étalonnage de CR-39 dans une chambre à 222Rn a fourni une valeur de 0,12±0,02tr.cm-2.j-1.Bq-1.m3. Elle a été comparée à la valeur 0,13 tr.cm-2.j-1.Bq-1.m3 obtenue par simulation Monte Carlo à l'aide du code MCNPX. Comme application, la concentration et la dose effective annuelle du radon ont été déterminées pour la première fois dans des habitats de Bamako. Toutes les valeurs obtenues se trouvent dans les limites de sécurité recommandées par la CIPR. Également pour la première fois, des mesures par spectrométrie gamma et par contact radiographie ont été réalisées sur des échantillons de sol malien. Les activités massiques mesurées pour les régions de Ségou, Sikasso, Bamako et Kayes se trouvent dans la gamme de 19,9 à 132 Bq.kg-1.

Page generated in 0.0431 seconds