A method for the determination of platinum group elements (PGEs) in natural tree samples was developed. An alumina column in-line with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) achieves the separation of interferents as well as pre-concentration of the analytes. The application of this proposed method on tree top samples displayed an effective separation of Ru, Rh, Re, Pd, Ir and Pt from the interferents, Ni, Cu and Zn for quantitative analysis of the analytes. The concentration data was compared to ICP-HRMS data and while it was difficult to determine whether the concentrations were in agreement or not, as both methods have a large degree of error. However, both methods displayed elevated concentrations of PGEs in areas over geological conductors in Rock Lake, Manitoba. This proposed method offers distinct advantages over previous on-line methods, as it is extended to include multiple PGEs as well as reduces sample consumption to a more suitable volume for natural samples. While the detection limit is higher than previous methods due to the lowered sample volume, it is still lower than the detection limits reported in commercial laboratories. / Thesis (Master, Chemistry) -- Queen's University, 2008-01-30 19:40:54.673 / Anglo American

No description available.

This study used LA-ICP-MS on a documented sample of modern teeth to sample from a continuous line across the cementum increments thus creating a temporal line graph of the elemental composition against distance. The knowledge of cementum was extended through (1) a more complete elemental composition analysis and (2) the relation of element distribution to the ultrastructure structure throughout the life of a tooth. This study was exploratory and demonstrated that lead, zinc, mercury, and barium follow the same general line of changes, and most likely represent changes in health and exposure to these metals in the general environment. Copper, manganese and vanadium varied very little. Technological limitations prevented the examination of element levels in any one annulation.

Research in selenium isotopes has been gaining interest as new contaminated sites are identified around the world. Selenium is an emerging contaminant, as it is increasingly being released through anthropogenic activities. It is an element with a very narrow range between nutrient requirement and toxic concentrations. Increased concentrations in the environment are a cause for concern. Selenium can be made less toxic in a system through reduction. Currently, investigations into fractionation caused by the reduction of Se by Fe and Fe minerals are limited. This thesis describes a batch study conducted using granular iron to treat Se(VI) in CaCO3 saturated water, under anaerobic conditions. The amount of Se(VI) in solution decreased to 14.5% of the initial concentration within three days. No quantifiable Se(IV) was found in solution. Analysis of the solid phase showed Se(IV), ferric selenite, FeSe, and Se(0) on the GI. The mass of Se0 on the GI increased over time. Iron selenide compounds became more prevalent after two days had elapsed. Effective fractionations of 4.3??? for 82/76Se and 3.0??? for 82/78Se were observed for this reaction. These effective fractionations are lower than fractionations observed in other experiments for reduction in solution. This discrepancy may be due to the reduction of Se(IV) occurring after adsorbing onto the solid phase, rather than reduction taking place only in solution.

This study used LA-ICP-MS on a documented sample of modern teeth to sample from a continuous line across the cementum increments thus creating a temporal line graph of the elemental composition against distance. The knowledge of cementum was extended through (1) a more complete elemental composition analysis and (2) the relation of element distribution to the ultrastructure structure throughout the life of a tooth. This study was exploratory and demonstrated that lead, zinc, mercury, and barium follow the same general line of changes, and most likely represent changes in health and exposure to these metals in the general environment. Copper, manganese and vanadium varied very little. Technological limitations prevented the examination of element levels in any one annulation.

The advantage of one-bead-one-compound combinatorial libraries is that hundreds of thousands to millions of compounds can be rapidly synthesized and screened simultaneously. The beads supporting the compounds of interest are then isolated and analyzed to decipher the structure of the desired compound. Many methods are currently used to allow deconvolution of the compound on the individual beads. Herein is described a novel method to encode TentaGel beads using absorption of different ratios of lanthanide ions. The encoding process is completed in parallel with the synthesis of the library of compounds. Once the desired beads are identified, the lanthanide ions can be released from the bead and analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS).

Submitted by ANA MARTA CAVINATO MARCHINI ROLISOLA (anamartarolisola@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-21T22:43:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Marta C M Rolisola_Tese de Doutorado.pdf: 4492180 bytes, checksum: d1fdb4a15ef3fdf8d398b1f8be14c005 (MD5) / Rejected by Ana Paula Santulo Custódio de Medeiros null (asantulo@rc.unesp.br), reason: - Falta o número do processo FAPESP nos agradecimentos: se você recebeu financiamento da FAPESP, ela exige que nos agradecimentos apareça o número do processo. on 2018-06-22T17:15:12Z (GMT) / Submitted by ANA MARTA CAVINATO MARCHINI ROLISOLA (anamartarolisola@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-23T14:11:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Ana Marta C M Rolisola_Tese de Doutorado.pdf: 4493139 bytes, checksum: 2980a550f843988e0a8bd31a8ee9ab8d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Aparecida Puerta null (dripuerta@rc.unesp.br) on 2018-06-25T13:41:05Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rolisola_amcm_dr_rcla.pdf: 4377095 bytes, checksum: da8491d59c9f3875c68e364b6648d0cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-25T13:41:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rolisola_amcm_dr_rcla.pdf: 4377095 bytes, checksum: da8491d59c9f3875c68e364b6648d0cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-02 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Atualmente, cerca de 18 compostos são utilizados como biocidas de reforço (metálicos) em tintas anti-incrustantes, como por exemplo Piritionato de Zinco (Zn(PT)2), Zineb e Ziram. É relevante o desenvolvimento de um método analítico para determinação das concentrações ambientais de biocidas metálicos. O presente estudo teve como objetivos i)desenvolver uma metodologia de extração em fase sólida (SPE) e cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência acoplada (HPLC) ao espectrômetro de massas com plasma acoplado indutivamente (ICP-MS) para determinação de Zn(PT)2, Zineb e Ziram e ii) quantificar, in lab, a fração lábil total do Piritionato de Zinco, Zineb e Ziram e in situ, a fração lábil total do zinco, utilizando a técnica de difusão em filmes finos por gradiente de concentração (DGT) em solução padrão e água estuarina, respectivamente. Na técnica de SPE foi utilizado o sorbente de sílica funcionalizado com fenil apresentando excelente retenção para Zn(PT)2, Zineb e Ziram (94 ± 0,1%, 85 ± 0,04% e 93 ± 0,1%, respectivamente) e recuperações entre 85% e 110%. Na determinação dos biocidas de zinco utilizando o acoplamento HPLC-VGroove-ICP-MS com diluição pós coluna cromatográfica, a fase móvel composta por metanol e 0,006 mol L-1 de acetato de amônio (50:50, v v-1) apresentou o melhor desempenho na separação do Zn(PT)2, Zineb, Ziram. A curva analítica obtida para o Zn(PT)2 apresentou coeficiente de correlação, LD e LQ satisfatórios para os isótopos 64Zn (0,98, 0,575 mg L-1, 1,916 mg L-1), 66Zn(0,99, 0,480 mg L-1 , 1,600 mg L-1), 68Zn(0,98, 0,602 mg L-1, 2,007 mg L-1). Na técnica DGT foi utilizado o agente ligante resina Chelex® 100 para avaliar a labilidade do Zn(PT)2, Zineb e Ziram em água estuarina. Os resultados demonstraram que a fração lábil total do Zn ficou em torno de 100% para o Zineb (111%) e Ziram (109%), ou seja, estes biocidas formaram espécies totalmente lábeis na amostra de água estuarina e para Zn(PT)2 foi de 75% indicando espécies parcialmente lábeis. Os resultados obtidos na técnica SPE, no acoplamento HPLC-VGroove-ICP-MS e DGT demonstraram que os métodos apresentam desempenho satisfatório para a determinação de Piritionato de Zinco, Zineb e Ziram. / About 18 compounds are used as booster biocides (metal) in antifouling paints such as Zinc Pyrithione (Zn(PT)2), Zineb and Ziram. It is important to develop an analytical method for determining of the environmental concentrations of zinc biocides. The present study had as objectives i) to develop a solid phase extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to the inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) for the determination of Zn(PT)2, Zineb and Ziram and ii) quantify in lab the total labile fraction of Zn(PT)2, Zineb and Ziram and in situ the total labile fraction of zinc using the diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique in standard solution and estuarine water, respectively. In the SPE technique, the silica sorbent functionalized with phenyl presented excellent retention for Zn(PT)2, Zineb and Ziram (94 ± 0.1%, 85 ± 0.04% and 93 ± 0.1%, respectively) and recoveries between 85% and 110%. In the determination of zinc using the HPLC-VGroove-ICP-MS coupling with post-column chromatographic dilution, the mobile phase composed of methanol and 0.006 mol L-1 of ammonium acetate (50:50, v v-1) of presented the best performance in the separation of Zn(PT)2, Zineb and Ziram. The analytical curve obtained for Zn(PT)2 presented satisfactory correlation coefficient, LD and LQ for the isotopes 64Zn (0.98, 0.575 mg L -1, 1.916 mg L-1), 66Zn (0.99, 0.480 mg L-1, 1.600 mg L-1), 68Zn (0.98, 0.602 mg L-1, 2.007 mg L-1). In the DGT technique, the Chelex® 100 resin binder was used to evaluate the lability of the zinc biocides Zn(PT)2, Zineb and Ziram in estuarine water. The results showed that the total labile fraction of Zn was around 100% for Zineb (111%) and Ziram (109%), that is, these biocides formed totally labile species in the estuarine water sample and for Zn(PT)2 was 75% indicating partially labile species. The results obtained in the SPE technique in the HPLC-VGroove-ICP-MS coupling and DGT demonstrated that the methods present satisfactory performance for the determination of Zn(PT)2, Zineb and Ziram. / CNPq: 164326/2015. / FAPESP: 2015/03397-4.

Chumbo (Pb) é um elemento tóxico ao qual estão associadas diversas doenças que afligem o ser humano. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de novas metodologias para a determinação de Pb no sangue traz uma importante contribuição na monitoração humana exposta a este metal. No presente estudo, é apresentado uma metodologia nova para determinação de Pb utilizando-se a técnica fingerstick com filtro de papel em conjunto com a espectrometria de massas de alta resolução em fonte de plasma indutivo (HR/ICP/MS). Os resultados encontrados mostraram-se robustos para uma digestão total de cerca de 0,1 g de sangue, em valores de referência, e níveis de chumbo inferiores a 5 μgdL-1. O presente método é pouco intrusivo permitindo a coleta e transporte das amostras à longa distância sem perda de integridade e/ou estabilidade. Dessa forma traz uma importante contribuição para o monitoramento da exposição do metal principalmente no atendimento às comunidades distantes. / Lead (Pb) is a toxic element to which several diseases affecting human beings are associated. Therefore, the development of new methodologies for the Pb determination in blood represents an important contribution to monitor human exposition to this metal. In the present study, a new methodology for Pb determination is presented using fingerstick techniques for sample collection and lead detection by using a high resolution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technique. The results are robust for total digestion of 0.1 g of deposited blood and lead levels below to 5 μgdL-1. This method is less intrusive in comparison with the traditional ones. It allows the collection and transport of samples over long distances without loss of integrity and / or stability. Therefore, it brings an important contribution for monitoring the exposure of this metal mainly in the attendance to remote communities.

Submitted by HENDRYK GEMEINER null (h.gemeiner@gmx.net) on 2016-11-11T17:05:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_mestrado_hendryk_gemeiner.pdf: 13978829 bytes, checksum: 08b385f98431fd9c29309e3aeb7cb1b2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-11-11T17:52:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 gemeiner_h_me_rcla.pdf: 13978829 bytes, checksum: 08b385f98431fd9c29309e3aeb7cb1b2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-11T17:52:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 gemeiner_h_me_rcla.pdf: 13978829 bytes, checksum: 08b385f98431fd9c29309e3aeb7cb1b2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-13 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento da UNESP (FUNDUNESP) / The toxic metal lead (Pb) can be harmful to human health in various manners, but is also considered as a distinguished tracer of environmental pollution, since the relative abundance of its four stable isotopes with the atomic masses of 204, 206, 207 and 208 varies with the emission source. This study is focused on the lead concentrations and isotope ratios in the particulate matter of the Brazilian cities of Goiânia (GO) and Rio Claro (SP), in order to determine the main Pb pollution sources. Particulate matter samples were collected on clean Teflon filters during the rainy and dry season between 2014 and 2016 on the campus of the State University of São Paulo (UNESP) in Rio Claro city and in the centre of Goiânia city near main roads with a high traffic volume. The Pb concentrations as well as the 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb stable isotope ratios of the particulate matter samples were analysed by Inductively-Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. To apply this analytical technique successfully, it was necessary to optimize parameters in case of acquisition time, detector dead time and mass discrimination, which affect the measurement accuracy and precision. Results showed that lead concentrations in Goiânia were different between rainy and dry season. In Goiânia, Pb concentrations showed higher values in dry season than in rainy season, while Pb concentrations were more similar in both sampling periods in Rio Claro. Back trajectories were analysed with the HYSPLIT model to investigate associations between Pb concentration levels and the direction of incoming air masses. However, the comparison of the obtained 206Pb/207Pb and 208Pb/207Pb isotope ratios data with data of potential Pb sources from previous studies indicated that gasoline may be considered as main Pb sources in the particulate matter of Goiânia and Rio Claro. Pb isotope ratios in Goiania were slightly different between dry and rainy season, while in Rio Claro, 206Pb/207Pb isotope ratios showed markedly higher values in dry season than in rainy season. Hence, Pb in Rio Claro in dry season also seems to be influenced by industrial emissions. These assumptions were supported by the calculation of 208Pb/206Pb-207Pb/206Pb diagrams and the contribution factor of Pb coming from gasoline by applying binary mixing equations. / CNPq: 372125/2014-0 / FUNDUNESP: 0050.0092854.14.9

Submitted by Fernanda Rodrigues de Lima (fernanda.rlima@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-21T19:40:25Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Denilson Tenorio de Lyra.pdf: 3743839 bytes, checksum: eab771b5aee24f3e33428a1058314117 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alice Araujo (alice.caraujo@ufpe.br) on 2018-08-28T22:52:21Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Denilson Tenorio de Lyra.pdf: 3743839 bytes, checksum: eab771b5aee24f3e33428a1058314117 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-28T22:52:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) DISSERTAÇÃO Denilson Tenorio de Lyra.pdf: 3743839 bytes, checksum: eab771b5aee24f3e33428a1058314117 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-04 / FACEPE / A industrialização e a expansão urbana aumentam os problemas de contaminação ambiental devido à liberação descontrolada de efluentes industriais e domésticos. Como os solos de mangues são provenientes de sedimentos fluviais e marinhos sob a influência constante das marés, esse compartimento ecológico merece esforços quanto à determinação de sua composição química. Por outro lado, ainda não está claro o papel dos sedimentos em suspensão dada sua capacidade de transporte de uma grande gama de substâncias químicas para a formação desses solos. Por essa razão, o objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar Al, Br, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Si, Sr, Th, Ti, U e Zn pela combinação das técnicas de Fluorescência de Raios-X por Dispersão de Energia – EDXRF, de Espectrometria de Absorção Atômica com Chama – FAAS e de Espectrometria de Massas com Plasma Acoplado Indutivamente – ICP-MS nos solos do manguezal urbano do Rio Beberibe, Pernambuco, Brasil. Os elementos químicos Al, Br, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr e Zn também foram quantificados por EDXRF nos sedimentos em suspensão do Rio Beberibe, em local próximo à sua foz. Foram coletadas 30 amostras de solo na profundidade de 0-20 cm no manguezal. Já para os sedimentos em suspensão, oito amostras compostas de aproximadamente 20 litros de água no Rio Beberibe foram coletadas ao longo de 105 minutos (15 minutos cada) em um evento de chuva. A preparação das amostras de solos envolveu a secagem, moagem e homogeneização. Após seis meses de sedimentação espontânea, o particulado em suspensão foi extraído a partir de sucção do sobrenadante e centrifugação, seguida por secagem a frio e homogeneização para a obtenção das amostras. Porções analíticas (0,5 g) das amostras de solos, de sedimentos em suspensão e de materiais de referência certificados foram transferidas para tubos de polietileno vedados com polipropileno especificamente desenvolvido para a análise por EDXRF. Porções-teste (0,1 g) das amostras de solos, materiais de referência e brancos analíticos foram submetidas a tratamento químico para possibilitar a análise por FAAS e ICP-MS. De acordo com os valores do número En obtidos a partir da análise dos materiais de referência SRM 2709 San Joaquin Soil, SRM 2711 Montana Soil e IAEA Soil 7, as técnicas foram adequadas para a quantificação dos elementos químicos nas amostras de solos e de sedimentos em suspensão. Os resultados da composição mostraram variabilidade considerável nas frações de massa de elementos terrígenos Al, Fe, Si e Ti nos solos do manguezal urbano. As concentrações máximas de elementos químicos relevantes do ponto de vista de impacto ambiental atingiram 0,49 mg kg⁻¹ para Cd, 48 mg kg-⁻¹ para Cu, 185 mg kg⁻¹ para Mn, 14,5 mg kg⁻¹ para Mo, 31 mg kg⁻¹ para Ni, 71 mg kg⁻¹ para Pb, 1,6 mg kg⁻¹ para Sb e 192 mg kg⁻¹ para Zn. De acordo com a legislação vigente para o Estado de Pernambuco, as concentrações de Cu, Ni, Pb e Zn estão acima dos valores normativos para solos. Contudo, ao se considerar as recomendações internacionais para a garantia da qualidade ambiental de ecossistemas aquáticos, apenas Zn ultrapassou a faixa de concentração em que efeitos adversos para a biota ocasionalmente ocorrem. Para os sedimentos em suspensão, diferentes fontes de elementos químicos foram cogitadas para a área estudada baseados nos resultados da Análise por Componentes Principais. Ainda, os elementos químicos Al, Ti e Zn determinados nos sedimentos em suspensão do Rio Beberibe apresentaram frações de massa superiores às médias mundiais, alcançando 129.000 mg kg⁻¹, 6.600 mg kg⁻¹ e 248 mg kg⁻¹, respectivamente. Os resultados enfatizam a necessidade de contínua monitoração dos ecossistemas aquáticos, principalmente em ambiente urbano. / Environmental contamination problems have increased with the industrialization and urban expansion due to uncontrolled release of industrial and domestic wastewater. As mangrove soils are formed by fluvial and marine sediments under constant tidal influence, this ecological compartment is of utmost relevance for the determination its chemical element composition. Otherwise, it is still not clear the contribution of suspended sediments due to its capability of transportation of a wide range of chemical substances for the development of these soils. For this reason, the objective of this work was to determine Al, Br, Ca, Cd, Cu, Fe, K, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Si, Sr, Th, Ti, U and Zn by the combination of the analytical techniques Energy Dispersion X-Ray Fluorescence – EDXRF, Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometry – FAAS and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry – ICP-MS in the urban mangrove soils from Beberibe River, Pernambuco, Brasil. The chemical elements Al, Br, Ca, Fe, K, Mn, Ni, Pb, Si, Sr and Zn were also quantified by EDXRF in the Beberibe’s suspended sediments from a local near the estuary. For soil, 30 samples were collected at the 0-20 cm depth in the mangrove. Considering the suspended sediments, eight composite water samples of 20 L were sampled along 105 minutes (15 minute each) in the Beberibe River during a rain event. Soil sample preparation involved drying, milling and homogenizing. After six months of spontaneously sedimentation, the suspended matter was extracted by means of suction and centrifugation, followed by freeze-drying and homogenizing to obtain suspended sediment samples. Analytical portions (0.5 g) of soil and suspended sediment samples and certified reference materials were transferred for polyethylene vials sealed with polypropylene film specifically developed for EDXRF analysis. Test portions (0.1 g) of soil samples, reference materials and analytical blanks were chemically treated for FAAS and ICP-MS analyses. According to the Number En values obtained through the analysis of the reference material SRM 2709 San Joaquin Soil, SRM 2711 Montana Soil and IAEA Soil 7, the analytical techniques were adequate for quantifying chemical elements in the soil and suspended sediment samples. The results showed a considerable variability for the terrigenous chemical elements Al, Fe, Si and Ti in the urban mangrove soils. The maximum concentrations of chemical elements of relevance for environmental impacts achieved 0.49 mg kg⁻¹ for Cd, 48 mg kg⁻¹ for Cu, 185 mg kg⁻¹ for Mn, 14.5 mg kg⁻¹ for Mo, 31 mg kg⁻¹ for Ni, 71 mg kg⁻¹ for Pb, 1.6 mg kg⁻¹ for Sb and 192 mg kg⁻¹ for Zn. In accordance with the Pernambuco State’s legislation, the concentrations of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were above the normative values for soils. Although, considering the international recommendations for environmental quality assurance for aquatic ecosystems, only Zn surpassed the concentration range in which the possible adverse effects on the biota occasionally occur. For suspended sediments, different sources of chemical elements were realized for the studied area based on the Principal Component Analysis results. Besides, the chemical elements Al, Ti and Zn determined in the Beberibe River suspended sediments showed mass fractions higher than the world mean values, achieving 129.000 mg kg⁻¹, 6.600 mg kg⁻¹ and 248 mg kg⁻¹, respectively. The results emphasized the needs of continuous monitoring of aquatic ecosystems mainly in urban environment.