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Le rôle des labels de groupe dans la régulation normative des jugements sociaux / The r role of group la ole labels in the normative regulation of social judgmentsSanrey, Camille 16 November 2017 (has links)
L’objectif de cette thèse est d’une part d’étudier l’influence des labels de groupe sur la formation de jugements envers le locuteur employant ces labels et envers la cible de ces labels et d’autre part de proposer un modèle explicatif des effets. La littérature rapporte un effet délétère de l’emploi de labels de groupe péjoratifs sur les jugements exprimés envers le locuteur et envers la cible, l’emploi d’un label péjoratif (e.g., « nègre ») entraînant des jugements plus négatifs que celui d’un label non-péjoratif (e.g., « noir »). Nous nous proposons de répliquer ces effets et de tester l’hypothèse d’une régulation normative de ceux-ci. Notre recherche a été déclinée en deux axes. Le premier a examiné l’effet de la valence du label employé et du niveau de protection normative du groupe cible sur les jugements exprimés envers le locuteur. Le second a étudié le rôle d’indice linguistique de catégorisation joué par les labels de groupe lors de la formation de jugements envers le locuteur, mais également envers la cible du label. Conformément aux prédictions, les résultats montrent que l’emploi d’un label péjoratif entraîne un jugement plus négatif du locuteur que l’emploi d’un label non-péjoratif. Le principal apport de ce thèse réside dans le fait que la simple catégorisation via l’emploi de labels de groupe suffit à entraîner des jugements plus négatifs du locuteur et des jugements plus positifs de la cible du label. De plus, la norme sociale anti-préjugés médiatise les effets obtenus et le niveau de protection normative du groupe cible vient, quant à lui, les modérer. Les implications théoriques de ces résultats et les perspectives de recherche sont discutées. / This thesis aims to study the influence of group labels over the formation of judgments towards the emitter and the target of these label’s and to come up with an explanatory model of these effects. Literature shows a negative effect of pejorative group labels on the emitter's and the target’s judgements; pejorative labels (e.g. “nigger”) leading to more negative judgments than nonpejorativelabels (e.g. “black”). We offer to replicate these effects and to test the hypothesis of a normative regulation of these effects. Our research is declined in two main axes. We first examined the effect of group label valence and normative protection level of the targeted social group on the emitter's judgments. We secondly studied the role of linguistic categorization played by group labels during the formation judgments towards emitter and target. As predicted, results showed that the use of pejorative labels generates more negative judgments of the emitter than the use of non-pejorative labels. The main contribution of this thesis is to show that simple categorization using group labels is sufficient to generate negative judgments of the emitter and positive judgments of the target. Moreover, the anti-prejudice norm mediates the obtained effects, while the level of normative protection of the targeted group moderates them. Theoretical implications of these results are discussed and the prospects for research are mentioned.
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Trendy ve vývoji privátních značek v maloobchodě / Trends in retail private labels developmentStraková, Linda January 2008 (has links)
The aim of diploma thesis is to find out what are the current trends in retail market in the Czech Republic with the focus on private labels. Private labels are very common especially on the retail market of the United States of America and european retail market as well. In my thesis I concentrate especially on the distribution channels hypermarkets, supermarkets and discounter stores even though private labels are present as well in traditional trade and in retail chains specialised in drug. Private labels are present in various segments of retail, food, drug and other fast moving consumer goods. My focus is on the development of private labels in the segment of food and drug goods.
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Classification d’images à partir d’une annotation implicite par le regard / Content based images retrieval based on implicit gaze annotationsLopez, Stéphanie 04 December 2017 (has links)
Un défi pour les systèmes de recherche basée sur le contenu réside dans la nécessité d’avoir une base annotée. Cette thèse propose un système d’annotation d’images interactif par le regard afin d’alléger la tâche d’annotation. Le but est de classer un petit ensemble d’images en fonction d’une catégorie cible (classification binaire) pour classer un grand ensemble d’images. Parmi les caractéristiques du regard pointées comme informatives sur l’intention des utilisateurs, nous avons élaboré un estimateur d’intention par le regard, calculable en temps réel, indépendant de l’utilisateur et de la catégorie cible. Cette annotation implicite est meilleure qu’une annotation aléatoire mais reste incertaine. Dans une deuxième partie, les images ainsi annotées sont utilisées pour classifier un plus grand ensemble d’images avec un algorithme prenant en compte l’incertitude des labels : P-SVM combinant classification et régression. Nous avons déterminé parmi différentes stratégies un critère de pertinence pour discriminer les labels les plus fiables, utilisés pour la classification, des labels les plus incertains, utilisés pour la régression. La précision du P-SVM est évaluée dans différents contextes et peut atteindre les performances d’un algorithme de classification standard entraîné avec les labels certains. Ces évaluations ont tout d’abord été menées sur un benchmark standard pour se comparer à l’état de l’art, et dans un second temps, sur une base d’images de nourriture. / One daunting challenge of Content Based Image Retrieval systems is the requirement of annotated databases. To limit the burden of annotation, this thesis proposes a system of image annotation based on gaze data. The purpose is to classify a small set of images according to a target category (binary classification) in order to classify a set of unseen images. First, we have designed a protocol based on visual preference paradigm in order to collect gaze data from different groups of participants during a category identification task. Among the gaze features known to be informative about the intentions of the participants, we have determined a Gaze-Based Intention Estimator (GBIE), computable in real-time; independent from both the participant and the target category. This implicit annotation is better than random annotation but is inherently uncertain. In a second part, the images annotated by the GBIE from the participants’ gaze data are used to classify a bigger set of images with an algorithm that handles label uncertainty: P-SM combining classification and regression SVM. We have determined among different strategies a criterion of relevance in order to discriminate the most reliable labels, involved in the classification part, from the most uncertain labels, involved in the regression part. The average accuracy of P-SVM is evaluated in different contexts and can compete with the performances of standard classification algorithm trained with true-class labels. These evaluations were first conducted on a standard benchmark for comparing with state-of-the-art results and later conducted on food image dataset.
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The Correspondence between Receptive and Expressive Task Performances: A Further Analysis of Necessary ConditionsNachawati, Noor 12 1900 (has links)
This study was a replication and an extension of the 2021 research performed by Spurgin and Borquez on the correspondence between receptive and expressive behavior. Spurgin examined the role of the echoic in a hear-say procedure with adult learners, while Borquez examined the role of the echoic in both hear-say and see-say procedures. Both studies found that receptive and expressive correspondence did not occur consistently across participants. The present study asked if the fading steps used during training contributed to the results of the previous researchers. In the present study, the fading steps were changed to minimize the chance that the participant developed a position bias. The conditions were also counterbalanced to analyze the effects of hear-say vs. see-say, easy vs. difficult words, and the order in which the words were trained on the acquisition of receptive labels and the emergence of expressive labels. The study consisted of five phases: pre-training, hear-say teaching, see-say teaching, receptive testing, and expressive testing. Results indicated that although that acquisition of receptive labels improved, the change in fading steps did not make a significant difference in the correspondence of receptive and expressive language. Results showed similar correspondence in the hear-say and see-say procedures. Easy words and words taught more recently were correlated with increased receptive-expressive correspondence.
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An ecotourism rating system for South African National Parks / Lee-Ann BothmaBothma, Lee-Ann January 2015 (has links)
Ecological travel (ecotourism) is the “next big thing”. To experience nature up close and personal
is to backpack off the beaten track and these days this is the “hippest” way to travel. Ecotourism
is seen as the most excelling fragment of tourism and The United Nations World Tourism
Organisation (UNWTO) views tourism in an unspoilt natural area (ecotourism) as the fastest
growing concept of the tourism industry. Ecotourism has evolved into speciality travel; including
an assorted – and often confusing – collection of events and tourism types, for example bird
watching, methodical study, photography, diving and trekking. Ecotourism takes place in unspoilt
natural areas, lodges and conservation areas such as national parks.
South African National Parks, (SANParks), whom manages a system of parks, and signifies the
indigenous fauna & flora, landscapes and associated cultural heritage of the country. National
parks offers facilities for overnight tourist, with a range of accommodation, in arid, coastal,
mountain and bush veld habitats. A variety of incomparable adventure tourism opportunities, for
example game viewing, bush walks, canoeing and exposure to cultural and historical experiences
are offered by these national parks. SANParks’ objectives are the insurance of protection,
conservation and management of the protected areas for the purposes they were declared.
The key aspect of SANParks’ management operations is ecotourism. The three areas that the
management of parks cover are general management which include finance and marketing;
conservation management which consists of wildlife counting, sales of wildlife, environment etc.
and ecotourism management which includes aspects such as camps, accommodation, game
drives and picnic areas. Because ecotourism as an important aspect of park management and is
one of SANParks’ core pillars, the main concern is which strategies and policies are in place in
order to provide tourists with an ecotourism experience within South African National Parks?
Tourism products (especially accommodation products) need to recognize that customers
(tourists) have certain expectations and these expectations must be met. One way in meeting
these expectations is to adhere to tourists’ perceptions and satisfaction as well as to provide a
quality service. It is also seen as one of the most important influences on productivity and profit
of a tourism organisation. One approach to obtain customer satisfaction and meeting expectations
is to implement a grading/rating system. When managers and owners of accommodation and
tourism products want to convince tourists of the quality of the organisation or tourism product that is being presented, a classification or rating system plays an important role to communicate
this vital issue.
South Africa has various rating systems / schemes, however there are no acknowledged rating
systems for ecotourism products in South Africa National Parks. The shortcomings of these
current rating systems are that they rate mostly the hospitality and accommodation sectors. These
criteria’s tend to focus on the following: building exteriors, bedrooms, bathrooms, public area,
general facilities, general services, housekeeping services, additional facilities and responsible
environmental and business practices. None of these schemes focus primarily on ecotourism
principles. These systems need to be adapted for nature/wildlife products and the problem that
this study will address is to develop an ecotourism rating system for South African National Parks.
It is essential to have a rating system in place to compete in the global world where ecotourism
and green aspects are important and to deliver a valuable service. Therefore the problem that
this research will addresses, is to develop an ecotourism rating system for South Africa National
Parks.
The research approach used in this study included quantitative methodologies. An explorative
research approach was followed through an online questionnaire with the aim of determining the
perceptions of visitors about the perceptions of respondents regarding the importance of specific
ecotourism principles. These constructs were determined through a literature review. The
sources consulted included the following: De Witt, 2011; Du Plessis, 2010; Geldenhuys, 2009:5;
Saayman, 2009:70; Fennell, 2008:23; Blamey, 2001:12; Eagles, 1996; Dingwall and Gordon,
1996.
The questionnaire was distributed electronically on the SANParks’ website. Data collection took
place during April 2013. A total of 308 responses were received during the period of data
collection. The results of the empirical quantitative data was analysed by the Statistical
Consultation Services at the North-West University by means of the SPSS (Statistical Package
for Social Sciences) software programme. The statistical methods utilised included descriptive
statistics and causal research. The descriptive statistics includes the demographic profile of
respondents, the principles of ecotourism, the factor analysis and the factor correlation matrix.
The causal research includes the t-test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The results of the descriptive data indicated that the language most spoken by the respondents
was primarily English followed by Afrikaans. The greater number of respondents was married and
live in Gauteng. They were well educated with a diploma or degree. Most of the respondents were
Wild Card holders and supports conservation organisations, such as Rhino Conservation,
followed by SA Wildlife, SANParks Honorary Rangers, Green Peace, UNITE against poaching and World Wide Fund for Nature. Respondents’ understanding of responsible ecotourism is
conserving and protecting nature, has a low impact on the environment and has an educational
travel experience in any environment.
The key principles of ecotourism, namely conservation of nature, conservation of culture,
community involvement, environmental education, tourist satisfaction, responsible tourism
practices, environmental education, tourist satisfaction, responsible tourism practices, role
players participating in ecotourism – the tourist and accommodation and were rated based on a
five point Likert scale. The principles that were rated with the highest mean values included:
water sources are protected (4.83); tourists are told not to touch or disturb birds and animals
(4.76); correct disposal of waste, including cigarette butts, into allocated waste bins is encouraged
(4.73); dripping taps are fixed immediately (4.70) and noise is limited in natural areas (4.70).
The exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the principles identified, they were as follows:
Conservation of nature had five factors namely, Conservation; Controlled development;
Environmental friendly; Alien plants; Water saving measurements. Conservation of culture had
two factors namely, Local community involvement; Benefit for community. Community
involvement had two factors namely, Benefits; Education for community. Environmental education
had only one factor namely, learning experiences. Tourist satisfaction also had one factor namely,
Tourist satisfaction. Responsible tourism practices had three factors namely, recycling and
environmental friendly practices; Interaction with nature; Responsible practices. Tourist
participation in ecotourism had one factor namely, Informed tourist. Accommodation had three
factors namely, Eco-friendly practices and development; Touch the earth lightly; Environmental
friendly accommodation.
Group statistics namely t-tests and ANOVA’s were performed to determine whether there were
any significant differences between the factors identified from the ecotourism principles. The ttest
was used to compare the socio-demographic aspects, namely home language (English and
Afrikaans) with all the ecotourism principles. The t-test was used to compare behavioural aspects,
namely Wild Card holders (Yes and No) with all the ecotourism principles. This were done to
determine if the respondents’ opinions differ about principles in terms of Wild Card holders or non-
Wild Card holders. The ANOVA was tested for socio-demographic aspects of respondents
namely, marital status. The ANOVA was tested for socio-demographic aspects of respondents
namely, level of education.
The research made the following contributions to the field of ecotourism. These contributions are
made in three categories namely, literature, methodology and practical contributions: * It is the first time that literature about ecotourism are combined to identify principles and
constructs. All rating criteria was investigated to do this.
* First time that different rating systems regarding ecotourism was identified, analysed and
compared to each other.
* Added to the literature on future trends of ecotourism which will assist in the planning and
development of ecotourism products as well as rating systems.
* The rating system can assist in future ecotourism development in protected areas as the
most important principle for ecotourism have been identified.
* The research contribute to more environment friendly development of ecotourism
accommodation products
* It is the first time that all relevant aspects of ecotourism was identified and developed into
questionnaire that test ecotourism rating constructs and principles.
* The research also contribute to the fact that one knows what are the ecotourism constructs
that are seen as important by the visitor to national parks.
The empirical results also determined statistical differences of the constructs and
principles regarding socio-demographic and behavioural aspects of the visitors to national
parks in South Africa.
* This was the first time that a specific rating system was developed for South African
National Parks.
* This rating system can also be adapted to other conservation areas such as game
reserves and game farms. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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An ecotourism rating system for South African National Parks / Lee-Ann BothmaBothma, Lee-Ann January 2015 (has links)
Ecological travel (ecotourism) is the “next big thing”. To experience nature up close and personal
is to backpack off the beaten track and these days this is the “hippest” way to travel. Ecotourism
is seen as the most excelling fragment of tourism and The United Nations World Tourism
Organisation (UNWTO) views tourism in an unspoilt natural area (ecotourism) as the fastest
growing concept of the tourism industry. Ecotourism has evolved into speciality travel; including
an assorted – and often confusing – collection of events and tourism types, for example bird
watching, methodical study, photography, diving and trekking. Ecotourism takes place in unspoilt
natural areas, lodges and conservation areas such as national parks.
South African National Parks, (SANParks), whom manages a system of parks, and signifies the
indigenous fauna & flora, landscapes and associated cultural heritage of the country. National
parks offers facilities for overnight tourist, with a range of accommodation, in arid, coastal,
mountain and bush veld habitats. A variety of incomparable adventure tourism opportunities, for
example game viewing, bush walks, canoeing and exposure to cultural and historical experiences
are offered by these national parks. SANParks’ objectives are the insurance of protection,
conservation and management of the protected areas for the purposes they were declared.
The key aspect of SANParks’ management operations is ecotourism. The three areas that the
management of parks cover are general management which include finance and marketing;
conservation management which consists of wildlife counting, sales of wildlife, environment etc.
and ecotourism management which includes aspects such as camps, accommodation, game
drives and picnic areas. Because ecotourism as an important aspect of park management and is
one of SANParks’ core pillars, the main concern is which strategies and policies are in place in
order to provide tourists with an ecotourism experience within South African National Parks?
Tourism products (especially accommodation products) need to recognize that customers
(tourists) have certain expectations and these expectations must be met. One way in meeting
these expectations is to adhere to tourists’ perceptions and satisfaction as well as to provide a
quality service. It is also seen as one of the most important influences on productivity and profit
of a tourism organisation. One approach to obtain customer satisfaction and meeting expectations
is to implement a grading/rating system. When managers and owners of accommodation and
tourism products want to convince tourists of the quality of the organisation or tourism product that is being presented, a classification or rating system plays an important role to communicate
this vital issue.
South Africa has various rating systems / schemes, however there are no acknowledged rating
systems for ecotourism products in South Africa National Parks. The shortcomings of these
current rating systems are that they rate mostly the hospitality and accommodation sectors. These
criteria’s tend to focus on the following: building exteriors, bedrooms, bathrooms, public area,
general facilities, general services, housekeeping services, additional facilities and responsible
environmental and business practices. None of these schemes focus primarily on ecotourism
principles. These systems need to be adapted for nature/wildlife products and the problem that
this study will address is to develop an ecotourism rating system for South African National Parks.
It is essential to have a rating system in place to compete in the global world where ecotourism
and green aspects are important and to deliver a valuable service. Therefore the problem that
this research will addresses, is to develop an ecotourism rating system for South Africa National
Parks.
The research approach used in this study included quantitative methodologies. An explorative
research approach was followed through an online questionnaire with the aim of determining the
perceptions of visitors about the perceptions of respondents regarding the importance of specific
ecotourism principles. These constructs were determined through a literature review. The
sources consulted included the following: De Witt, 2011; Du Plessis, 2010; Geldenhuys, 2009:5;
Saayman, 2009:70; Fennell, 2008:23; Blamey, 2001:12; Eagles, 1996; Dingwall and Gordon,
1996.
The questionnaire was distributed electronically on the SANParks’ website. Data collection took
place during April 2013. A total of 308 responses were received during the period of data
collection. The results of the empirical quantitative data was analysed by the Statistical
Consultation Services at the North-West University by means of the SPSS (Statistical Package
for Social Sciences) software programme. The statistical methods utilised included descriptive
statistics and causal research. The descriptive statistics includes the demographic profile of
respondents, the principles of ecotourism, the factor analysis and the factor correlation matrix.
The causal research includes the t-test and the analysis of variance (ANOVA).
The results of the descriptive data indicated that the language most spoken by the respondents
was primarily English followed by Afrikaans. The greater number of respondents was married and
live in Gauteng. They were well educated with a diploma or degree. Most of the respondents were
Wild Card holders and supports conservation organisations, such as Rhino Conservation,
followed by SA Wildlife, SANParks Honorary Rangers, Green Peace, UNITE against poaching and World Wide Fund for Nature. Respondents’ understanding of responsible ecotourism is
conserving and protecting nature, has a low impact on the environment and has an educational
travel experience in any environment.
The key principles of ecotourism, namely conservation of nature, conservation of culture,
community involvement, environmental education, tourist satisfaction, responsible tourism
practices, environmental education, tourist satisfaction, responsible tourism practices, role
players participating in ecotourism – the tourist and accommodation and were rated based on a
five point Likert scale. The principles that were rated with the highest mean values included:
water sources are protected (4.83); tourists are told not to touch or disturb birds and animals
(4.76); correct disposal of waste, including cigarette butts, into allocated waste bins is encouraged
(4.73); dripping taps are fixed immediately (4.70) and noise is limited in natural areas (4.70).
The exploratory factor analysis was conducted on the principles identified, they were as follows:
Conservation of nature had five factors namely, Conservation; Controlled development;
Environmental friendly; Alien plants; Water saving measurements. Conservation of culture had
two factors namely, Local community involvement; Benefit for community. Community
involvement had two factors namely, Benefits; Education for community. Environmental education
had only one factor namely, learning experiences. Tourist satisfaction also had one factor namely,
Tourist satisfaction. Responsible tourism practices had three factors namely, recycling and
environmental friendly practices; Interaction with nature; Responsible practices. Tourist
participation in ecotourism had one factor namely, Informed tourist. Accommodation had three
factors namely, Eco-friendly practices and development; Touch the earth lightly; Environmental
friendly accommodation.
Group statistics namely t-tests and ANOVA’s were performed to determine whether there were
any significant differences between the factors identified from the ecotourism principles. The ttest
was used to compare the socio-demographic aspects, namely home language (English and
Afrikaans) with all the ecotourism principles. The t-test was used to compare behavioural aspects,
namely Wild Card holders (Yes and No) with all the ecotourism principles. This were done to
determine if the respondents’ opinions differ about principles in terms of Wild Card holders or non-
Wild Card holders. The ANOVA was tested for socio-demographic aspects of respondents
namely, marital status. The ANOVA was tested for socio-demographic aspects of respondents
namely, level of education.
The research made the following contributions to the field of ecotourism. These contributions are
made in three categories namely, literature, methodology and practical contributions: * It is the first time that literature about ecotourism are combined to identify principles and
constructs. All rating criteria was investigated to do this.
* First time that different rating systems regarding ecotourism was identified, analysed and
compared to each other.
* Added to the literature on future trends of ecotourism which will assist in the planning and
development of ecotourism products as well as rating systems.
* The rating system can assist in future ecotourism development in protected areas as the
most important principle for ecotourism have been identified.
* The research contribute to more environment friendly development of ecotourism
accommodation products
* It is the first time that all relevant aspects of ecotourism was identified and developed into
questionnaire that test ecotourism rating constructs and principles.
* The research also contribute to the fact that one knows what are the ecotourism constructs
that are seen as important by the visitor to national parks.
The empirical results also determined statistical differences of the constructs and
principles regarding socio-demographic and behavioural aspects of the visitors to national
parks in South Africa.
* This was the first time that a specific rating system was developed for South African
National Parks.
* This rating system can also be adapted to other conservation areas such as game
reserves and game farms. / PhD (Tourism Management), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015
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Packaging as a marketing tool : adolescents' perceptions of branded and plain tobacco packagingFord, Allison January 2014 (has links)
Plain packaging first appeared on the UK policy agenda in the Department of Health’s 2008 ‘Consultation on the Future of Tobacco Control’. Since then, plain (or standardised) packaging has been framed through the potential benefit to young people. Within the period of this thesis, plain packaging has been actively debated and draft plain packaging regulations were published in June 2014. An extended literature review of academic and practitioner marketing literature, internal tobacco company documents and public health packaging research, establishes that the research informing the policy debate, while consistent in its approach and findings, fails to recognise the strategic nature of pack design, the full extent of the influence that branded design can have on consumer responses, and the importance of product design as a marketing tool. This thesis attempts to address these gaps in the plain packaging evidence base. It explores if, and how, adolescents engage with different styles of packaging and product design, whether or not an association between tobacco packaging and adolescent smoking exists, and whether it is possible to observe cognitive, affective and behavioural responses to packaging. The study uses a sequential exploratory mixed methodology design with two stages of research. First, focus groups were conducted with 15 year olds (n=48) to explore adolescent responses to tobacco packaging and product design. The findings show that adolescents are most appreciative of ‘novelty’ pack designs. These ‘novelty’ packs, for instance with innovative structures or distinctive designs and colours, generated positive user imagery and influenced affective feelings among participants. Cigarettes with slim diameters, white tips and decorative designs increased appeal and communicated a weaker tasting and less harmful product. Conversely, a plain pack eliminated positive perceptions and feelings, and exposed tobacco as harmful, dirty and not for young people. The qualitative findings were used to develop measures and hypotheses which were tested in a quantitative survey. The second stage of research utilised a cross-sectional in-home survey (n=1373) with 11 to 16 year olds. Respondents were asked to rate three different pack styles - ‘novelty’, ‘regular’ and ‘plain’ - on 11 pack ratings items and four pack feelings items. The findings show adolescents hold ‘novelty’ packaging in higher regard than ‘regular’ packaging across pack ratings items. There were fewer differences between ‘novelty’ and ‘regular’ packaging for the pack feelings items. Plain packaging was consistently rated most negatively across all survey items. Logistic regressions, controlling for factors known to influence youth smoking, showed that susceptibility to smoke was associated with positive appraisal and also receptivity for ‘novelty’ packaging. There was no association with pack appraisal or receptivity for the plain pack. While susceptibility is not a direct behavioural response it is a reasonable predictor of future tobacco use. Collectively the findings show that ‘novelty’ packaging and product design holds greatest appeal for adolescents. Plain packaging limits the opportunity for tobacco companies to communicate with, mislead and influence consumers. Based upon the role of packaging for consumer goods in general, and tobacco in particular, plain packaging would effectively reduce the promotional role of packaging.
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Consumers’ Attitude Toward Eco-labels Within the Food Industry: Focus on Generation Y in Europe.Valentine, Mathilde, Stichelbaut, Valentine, Rahat Hossain, Mohammed January 2014 (has links)
Background: Eco-labels have become an important tool in products’ promotion, especially in the food industry, where it is used to promote products with ecological, ethical and/or sustainability attributes that consumers are looking for. Even though researches have demonstrated that consumers develop a positive attitude towards green products, some remain skeptical about green claims from marketers which are sometimes considered as ambiguous. Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand consumers’ attitude towards eco-labels and the impact of trust on their intention to buy eco-labelled products, focusing on Generation Y from Europe and on eco-labels from the food industry. Methodology: The research is based on a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The data are collected thanks to secondary data and an online survey. Conclusion: The findings show that the Generation Y is well aware of eco-labels and has a positive environmental motivation, both impacting the intention to buy eco-labelled food products. Trust has also a small indirect impact on the intention to buy, since it affects the consumers’ environmental motivation.
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Identification of labelling errors and concerns on specific categories of South African processed food products that may impact consumer healthVan Dyk, Maritza January 2007 (has links)
Thesis (MTech (Consumer Science: Food and Nutrition))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007 / Labels are the source of information about the contents of food products and must be correct
so that consumers are not misled and can make informed product choices. However, food
label information is often incorrect, misleading or just insufficient. The aim of this study was
to determine the labelling errors and concerns that occurred in specific categories of the
South African processed food market.
Randomly selected food product labels (N=246) were evaluated that represented the
selected categories of processed foods (N=7), namely: breakfast cereal (9%), savoury
snacks (13%), sweet snacks (29%), non-refrigerated meals (7%), refrigerated meals (9%),
soups and sauces (25%) and convenience desserts and baked goods (8%). A pre-tested
labelling checklist was used to evaluate each food label according to the food labelling areas
that could impact consumer health considering the current South African labelling
regulations published in 1993, the draft of these regulations published in 2002, and the
further new proposed draft regulations.
Labelling errors found induded the use of prohibited statements and not identifying
compound ingredients (19% and 12% of the products respectively). A labelling concern was
also the lack of identification of the fatsloils used (61% of the products). Further concerns
identified included the lack of additive-free and allergen-free claims. For example, significant
differences (p<O.05) were found between the number of products claiming to be aclditive-free
and those that could have made such ctaims but did not. A real concern was the listing of
ingredients of unknown origin with allergenicity potential (80% of the products). The
breakfast cereal category contained the most eneigy and nutrient claims and nutritional
education information, with most errors identified in the categories refrigerated meals and
soups and sauces, and most concerns in the category savoury snacks. There is scope for
food labelling improvement, specifically in the areas of ingredient and allergen identification,
additive-free claims and heaJth-related information provision.
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A organização da informação nos rótulos de produtos industrializados : uma análise da categoria açúcar /Gomes, Luciana. January 2019 (has links)
Orientador: Daniel Martínez-Ávila / Banca: Maria Cláudia Cabrini Grácio / Banca: Leilah Santiago Bufrem / Resumo: Os rótulos de alimentos deveriam ser uma das principais fontes de informação ao consumidor. O espaço destinado à rotulagem é utilizado pela indústria de alimentos como meio de propaganda e se utiliza de informações nutricionais dos produtos processados. A forma como os ingredientes estão dispostos na lista de ingredientes dos rótulos atende a exigência legislativa, contudo, o açúcar pode estar presente por meio de diversos sinônimos. Este fato pode causar confusões e incompreensões sobre quantidades de etapas e de ingredientes artificiais ou processados contidos nos produtos ultraprocessados de ampla penetração nas casas brasileiras, o que tem relação com o aumento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na sociedade. Como alternativa e enquanto crítica a estas questões, que envolvem desde a rotulagem até o combate ao aumento dessas doenças, a soberania alimentar erige-se como defesa do direito dos povos de melhorar e escolher a alimentação de acordo com sua cultura, além de criticar e alertar para problemas saúde pública resultante da utilização indiscriminada de alguns produtos pela indústria. Diante disso, uma nova proposta de rotulagem dos alimentos, em consonância com as aplicações e princípios da Organização do Conhecimento, visa à proteção do consumidor diante da possibilidade de maior autonomia das escolhas. Considerando os rótulos dos alimentos como espaços de organização do conhecimento, a pesquisa busca implicações éticas nas relações de equivalência que podem ser ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Food labels should be one of the main sources of consumer information. The space for labeling is used by the food industry as a means of advertising and uses nutritional information of processed products. The way ingredients are placed on the label ingredient list meets the legislative requirement, however, sugar may be present through several synonyms. This fact can cause confusion and misunderstandings about quantities of steps and artificial or processed ingredients contained in the widely penetrated ultra-processed products in Brazilian homes, which is related to the increase of chronic non-communicable diseases in society. As an alternative and critical to these issues, which range from labeling to combating the spread of these diseases, food sovereignty stands as a defense of the right of peoples to improve and choose food according to their culture, in addition to criticizing and warn of public health problems resulting from the indiscriminate use of some products by the industry. Given this, a new proposal for food labeling, in line with the applications and principles of the Knowledge Organization, aims to protect consumers in the face of the possibility of greater autonomy of choices. Considering food labels as spaces of knowledge organization, the research seeks ethical implications in the equivalence relations that can be used in these spaces. For this, the study analyzes the list of ingredients in relation to the synonyms of sucrose and other types of sugar in ce... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre
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