A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Masters in Recreation and Tourism in the Department of Recreation and Tourism at the University Of Zululand, 2017 / This study sought to investigate and assess the attitude of tourism business owners in the accommodation sector, towards sustainable tourism development in uMhlathuze municipality. The business owners were selected from various accommodation facilities within the uMhlathuze municipality ranging from small scale guest houses to 4 star hotels. It was envisaged that this diversity in the types of accommodation businesses would reflect diverse knowledge of sustainable tourism development. The selection of tourism business owners from a wider age range also helped this study in gathering much information and allowed the researcher to assess various trends and practices promoting sustainable tourism development in the study area. The objectives which were set for the study assisted to accomplish the main goals of the study. The fundamental objectives were as follows: • To investigate if the tourism business owners understand the meaning of sustainable tourism development. • To explore if practices of sustainability benefit tourism business owners in the study area. • To find out if tourism business owners are aware of the sustainable tourism development principles. • To find out if tourism business owners have attended any training related to sustainable tourism development.These objectives were formulated in order to clarify the intention of the study which was to find out the attitude of tourism business owners towards sustainable tourism development. The data was collected through self-administered questionnaires and interviews with both open and closed ended questions. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to analyse the research data. Based on the analysis derived from the above, it could be concluded that respondents in the study area have a good idea of what is meant by the concept “sustainable tourism development”. The respondents were asked to give examples of what indicates practices of sustainable tourism development, and they gave examples that include: saving and conserving infrastructure, recycling waste, good maintenance of facilities, increase number of tourists, and protected environment. The majority of respondents indicated that sustainable tourism development benefits them in their businesses, through education, economy boost, jobs, conserving of environment, protecting businesses and it also helps them to have a sense of wellbeing. Tourism business owners are aware of sustainable principles and how they are important to them and their businesses. Finally, the tourism businesses owners agreed that there are being educated about sustainable tourism development and they do attend training which is organised by uMhlathuze municipality and KZN Department of Economic Development Tourism and Environmental Affairs (KZN-EDTEA). In conclusion, findings identified that sustainable tourism is important to tourism business owners as it assist them in growing their business and maintaining them for the future generation. Tourism business owners understood that sustainable tourism is not a special type of tourism, but rather all types of tourism must strive to be sustainable.

<p>This thesis explores communities’ participation and involvement in both wildlife-based and tourist activities in south Luangwa national park with particular focus on local participation/ devolution. Specifically, it assesses whether the legal provisions for community participation in wildlife management spelt out in the wildlife policy take into account various factors which enhances the effectiveness of local participation in CBNRM. It then examines various forms of community participation in wildlife management and small scale tourism activities. Finally, the study examines sources of conflict which may occur over natural resources in SLNP and adjacent GMA.</p><p>The study uses political ecology and protected area management paradigm as the theoretical frameworks. The former comprises four major elements, which include the politicization of the environment, a focus on actors as the contestants in this politicization, inequality in distribution of power between and among actors in the park, and the dynamic involvement of natural environment in this process. The latter, uses a CBC framework that is based on: allowing people living near the protected lands to participate in land-use policy and management decisions; giving people proprietorship or ownership over wildlife resources; and, giving local people economic benefit from wildlife conservation. A case study approach is adopted involving qualitative research method. Data were collected through personal observation, formal and informal interviews, focus groups and document review. In a case study approach, an empirical inquiry, which investigates contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context such like wildlife, is analyzed and interpreted through the selected theoretical frameworks.</p><p>The data reveal that, local people living near SLNP and in the Lupande GMA do not per se actively participate in land-use policy and management decisions. Further, data indicate that community resource boards in the three chiefdoms have not been given ownership over wildlife resources. ZAWA has continued appropriating all the revenues accruing from wildlife utilization in the area since its inception. This is contrary to what is stated in the wildlife policy and wildlife Act 1998. Also, data shows that many local people do not individually benefit from wildlife-based and tourist activities. Additionally, data indicates that different interest groups expect different types of participation to achieve their own goals. Accordingly, participation varied among various interest groups although much of it as reported by respondents concentrated in the two lower levels of Pretty’ typology. The findings are significant because they offer a framework for understanding challenges and conflicts related to wildlife conservation and tourism development.</p>

Carbon offsetting means to offset those greenhouse gases that are caused by our actions. The purpose of this paper is to examine how companies are working with carbon offsetting. The focus of the research is how travel agencies and companies that provides carbon offsetting. The writers also highlight the problems carbon offsetting is facing. The study was performed with qualitative methods through interviews with three companies working with carbon offsetting. The research shows that carbon offsetting within air travel can vary in price between different companies and they find it more lucrative to work with business customers. The writers have come to the conclusion that it is people's attitudes as well as lack of promotion and information that is the problem that exists for carbon offsetting. The writers have also found out that it is the uncertainty about carbon offsetting that affects the individual's attitude towards the subject. This, as well as the awareness that exists about the subject and the economy which every individual is prepared to spend on the environment.

This thesis explores communities’ participation and involvement in both wildlife-based and tourist activities in south Luangwa national park with particular focus on local participation/ devolution. Specifically, it assesses whether the legal provisions for community participation in wildlife management spelt out in the wildlife policy take into account various factors which enhances the effectiveness of local participation in CBNRM. It then examines various forms of community participation in wildlife management and small scale tourism activities. Finally, the study examines sources of conflict which may occur over natural resources in SLNP and adjacent GMA. The study uses political ecology and protected area management paradigm as the theoretical frameworks. The former comprises four major elements, which include the politicization of the environment, a focus on actors as the contestants in this politicization, inequality in distribution of power between and among actors in the park, and the dynamic involvement of natural environment in this process. The latter, uses a CBC framework that is based on: allowing people living near the protected lands to participate in land-use policy and management decisions; giving people proprietorship or ownership over wildlife resources; and, giving local people economic benefit from wildlife conservation. A case study approach is adopted involving qualitative research method. Data were collected through personal observation, formal and informal interviews, focus groups and document review. In a case study approach, an empirical inquiry, which investigates contemporary phenomenon within its real-life context such like wildlife, is analyzed and interpreted through the selected theoretical frameworks. The data reveal that, local people living near SLNP and in the Lupande GMA do not per se actively participate in land-use policy and management decisions. Further, data indicate that community resource boards in the three chiefdoms have not been given ownership over wildlife resources. ZAWA has continued appropriating all the revenues accruing from wildlife utilization in the area since its inception. This is contrary to what is stated in the wildlife policy and wildlife Act 1998. Also, data shows that many local people do not individually benefit from wildlife-based and tourist activities. Additionally, data indicates that different interest groups expect different types of participation to achieve their own goals. Accordingly, participation varied among various interest groups although much of it as reported by respondents concentrated in the two lower levels of Pretty’ typology. The findings are significant because they offer a framework for understanding challenges and conflicts related to wildlife conservation and tourism development.

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vi, 107 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 61-64).

Thesis (M.S.)--West Virginia University, 2009. / Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains vii, 67 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 60-67).

No description available.

Thesis (PhD) -- AUT University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references. Also held in print (xii, 288 leaves : ill. ; 30 cm.) in the Archive at the City Campus (T 338.4791597 BUI)

College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences / M. Sc. (Environmental Management)

Resumo: O objetivo desta pesquisa foi elaborar um esboço de proposta com o intuito de iniciar e contribuir para discussão do processo de planejamento do turismo em municípios de pequeno porte, mas de grande potencial. Tomou-se como estudo de caso o município de Analândia - São Paulo. Partiu-se de um diagnóstico qualitativo suficiente para definir objetivos, diretrizes e algumas propostas segundo as dimensões, ou "pilares", do desenvolvimento sustentável apontadas por Sachs (2004). Teve como estratégia inserir o município em uma região definida pela capacidade de atração dos municípios, tendo como variável importante a distância de centros emissores. A viabilidade turística foi fortalecida pela presença de municípios com atividades semelhantes e/ou afins em implantação e consolidadas, cuja interação e complementaridade peculiar ao ramo, criam e fomentam economias de aglomeração para todos os municípios. Por fim, demonstrou-se que é viável o desenvolvimento do turismo em cidades de pequeno porte, desde que se fundamente no paradigma da sustentabilidade e adote uma estratégia regional. / Abstract: The main purpose of this project was to elaborate a sketch of proposals in order to start the process of planning the tourism in small dimension counties with big touristic potential. It was taken as case study the county of Analândia (in the center-east region of the State of São Paulo, 225 km far from the capital city, southeast of Brazil). The first step was to make a qualitative diagnostic enough to define objectives, rules e some proposals following the sustainable development bases pointed out by Sachs (2004). The basic strategy was to insert the county in a region defined by the attractive capacity of the forming counties, having as important variable the distance from the emitter centers. The touristic viability was also increased by the existence of neighbor counties with same activities (in course or already consolidated) whose interaction as a whole is able to create and input agglomeration economy to all counties in that region. It was possible to demonstrated that the development of the tourism is viable in a small county if the activity is based on sustainable paradigm in a regional context. / Orientador: Pompeu Figueiredo de Carvalho / Coorientador: Odaléia T.M.M. Queiroz / Banca: Rita de Cássia Ariza da Cruz / Banca: Roberto Braga / Mestre