Construction project performance and worker productivity are often tied to the availability and effective presentation of information, tools, materials, and equipment. While advancements in technology have improved much of the processes on a construction project, the medium of information dissemination at the construction work face has consistently relied on the use of two dimensional drawings and specifications. Industry initiatives are driving increased collaboration through three dimensional BIM (Building Information Modeling) models. However, the added dimension partially loses its effect when presented on a two dimensional computer monitor. Other computer forms of presentation intended for mobility (PDAs, laptops, and tablets) can be difficult to use in the field due to glare, durability in a harsh working environment, and the required skill level for effective use. Three dimensional (3D) physical printers now provide the capability to develop scaled and color models of a project directly from a BIM model. 3D physical printers represent a potential transformative change of providing engineering information to construction crews, but how to develop 3D models that leverage the cognitive benefits of viewing engineering information in a physical 3D form is unknown. The primary contribution to the overall body of knowledge of this dissertation is to scientifically examine the effect that different engineering information mediums have on an individual’s cognitive ability to effectively and accurately interpret spatial information. First, the author developed a robust scientific experiment for construction practitioners and students to complete. This experiment included outcomes measures on mental workload, cognitive demand, productivity, efficiency, demographics, and preferences. After collecting data, the author analyzed the outcomes through a series of statistical analyses to measure the differences between groups and quantify the affect and relationship among key variables. From the results, there are statistically significant improvements in productivity and efficiency of practitioners and students when using a physical model compared to two dimensional drawings and a three dimensional computer model. In addition, the average cognitive demand for a physical model was lower than the average cognitive demand for two dimensional drawings and three dimensional computer model.

Hoy en día, la sociedad tiene una tendencia a actuar de manera errónea en los casos de discriminación, inequidad y falta de oportunidades; observándose en diferentes ámbitos, pero en mayor preponderancia en el laboral (Alva et al. 2009). Esto se refleja en la tasa de desempleo que existe en las personas con discapacidad el cual triplica en 12.3% a la tasa de empleo general, según la ONU (2019). Para el caso de las personas con discapacidad, resulta importante ejecutar acciones que los integren, así como a otros grupos vulnerables que se encuentran excluidos (Muñoz y Barrantes, 2016). Por tal motivo, el objetivo de la investigación es determinar la relación que existe entre las prácticas laborales empleadas por el área de Recursos Humanos y la Diversidad, con la finalidad de comprender cuán diversas e inclusivas son las organizaciones en términos de sus políticas y prácticas lo que representa un paso fundamental para aprovechar los beneficios de poseer una fuerza laboral diversa, en beneficio de las personas con discapacidad (Polanco, 2020). Para lo cual, se elaboró un cuestionario para personas que trabajan en empresas de Contact Center en el Perú, dado que es el tipo de empresas que contrata mayor personal con discapacidad (Macera, 2019). En el Perú una de cada diez personas tiene una discapacidad (Valencia, 2018). Los resultados obtenidos evidenciaron una correlación positiva entre las prácticas laborales y la diversidad, lo que contribuye a afirmar que una fuerza laboral más diversa requiere que las organizaciones cuenten con prácticas laborales más efectivas para la gestión de la diversidad (Polanco, 2020). / Nowadays, society has a tendency to act erroneously in cases of discrimination, inequity and lack of opportunities; observed in different areas, but more predominantly in the labor market (Alva et al. 2009). This is reflected in the unemployment rate among people with disabilities, which is 12.3% higher than the general employment rate, according to the UN (2019). In the case of people with disabilities, it is important to implement actions that integrate them, as well as other vulnerable groups that are excluded (Muñoz and Barrantes, 2016). For this reason, the objective of the research is to determine the relationship between labor practices employed by the Human Resources area and Diversity, in order to understand how diverse and inclusive organizations are in terms of their policies and practices, which represents a fundamental step to take advantage of the benefits of having a diverse workforce, for the benefit of people with disabilities (Polanco, 2020). For which, a questionnaire was developed for people working in Contact Center companies in Peru, given that this is the type of company that hires the most personnel with disabilities (Macera, 2019). In Peru, one in ten people has a disability (Valencia, 2018). The results obtained evidenced a positive correlation between labor practices and diversity, which helps to affirm that a more diverse workforce requires organizations to have more effective labor practices for diversity management (Polanco, 2020) / Tesis