Considerable effort has recently been directed toward the miniaturization of quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction [QPCR] instrumentation in an effort to reduce both cost and form factor for point-of-care applications. Notable gains have been made in shrinking the required volumes of PCR reagents, but resultant prototypes retain their bench-top form factor either due to heavy heating plates or cumbersome optical sensing instrumentation. In this thesis, we describe the use of complementary-metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit (IC) technology to produce a fully integrated qPCR lab-on-chip. Exploiting a 0.35-µm high-voltage CMOS process, the IC contains all of the key components for performing qPCR. Integrated resistive heaters and temperature sensors regulate the surface temperature of the chip to 0.45°C. Electrowetting-on-dielectric microfluidic pixels are actively driven from the chip surface, allowing for droplet generation and transport down to volumes of less than 1.2 nanoliters. Integrated single-photon avalanche diodes [SPAD] are used for fluorescent monitoring of the reaction, allowing for the quantification of target DNA with more than four-orders-of-magnitude of dynamic range with sensitivities down to a single copy per droplet. Using this device, reliable and sensitive real-time proof-of-concept detection of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is demonstrated.

Le stockage géologique du CO2 est une stratégie prometteuse pour limiter la concentration de CO2anthropique dans l’atmosphère. Les aquifères salins (AS) ont été identifiés comme des optionsviables car ils possèdent de grandes capacités potentielles de stockage. Toutefois, les processusrelatifs au piégeage du CO2 souffrent d’un manque de connaissances fondamentales car il existe peude méthodes d’expérimentation rapides et reproductibles, travaillant dans les conditions du stockagegéologique. Ainsi, nous avons développé des microréacteurs haute pression, véritables laboratoiresgéologiques sur puce (GLoCs), recréant les conditions de porosité et de perméabilité des AS pour :(i) Mesurer la solubilité du CO2 dans l’eau et les saumures via un couplage microsystèmes /spectroscopie Raman ;(ii) Etudier les mécanismes d’invasion du CO2 dans les formations géologiques, incluantnotamment les écoulements diphasiques en milieux poreux, les séparations de phases etla précipitation des carbonates. / CO2 geological storage is a promising strategy to control the anthropogenic CO2 concentration in theatmosphere. Deep saline aquifers (DSA) were identified as viable options since they exhibit largestorage capacity. However, processes inherent to CO2 trapping suffer from a lack of fundamentalknowledge, since there are too few fast and reproducible experimental approaches able to work atgeological storage conditions. Therefore, to address these limitations, we have developed highpressure microreactors, so-called “geological labs on a chip” - GloCs – allowing mimicking porosityand permeability conditions of DSA for:(i) Measuring solubility of CO2 in water and brine through the combination of microsystemsand confocal Raman spectroscopy,(ii) Studying invasion mechanisms of CO2 in geological formations, including in particularbiphasic flows in porous media, phase separation and carbonates precipitation.