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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Eficácia do método de estimativa de idade de Lamendin / Efficacy of Lamendins dental age estimation method

Lopes, Juliana Ribeiro 06 August 2012 (has links)
Diante das dificuldades em estimar a idade de adultos e procurando se basear em pesquisas com evidência de qualidade, o presente trabalho objetivou verificar a eficácia do método de estimativa de idade de Lamendin por meio de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise e também aplicando a técnica a uma amostra brasileira. Para a metanálise, foram pesquisados estudos que tinham como objetivo mostrar a eficácia do método, comparando as idades cronológica e estimada da amostra. Foram excluídos os artigos com amostra histórica, os que modificaram a técnica, os que analisaram outros aspectos do método sem retratar sua eficácia e os que apresentaram a amostra em grupo único com indivíduos de menos de 25 anos de idade. Em seguida, a escala de qualidade de evidência QUADAS foi utilizada com modificações. A amostra final foi constituída de oito estudos. O trabalho de campo foi realizado numa amostra composta de 49 dentes provenientes de 26 crânios da coleção do Centro de Estudo e Pesquisa em Ciências Forenses do IML de Guarulhos-SP. Os resultados mostraram que os estudos identificados descuidam de alguns aspectos metodológicos e que o método é ineficaz em idosos, mas que produz boas estimativas nos outros adultos. Nos brasileiros, adultos jovens mostraram as menores médias das diferenças Entretanto, existem discordâncias na literatura quanto à faixa etária em que o método funciona melhor. Diante do exposto, sugerimos que os estudos tenham mais rigor metodológico e que a técnica seja testada antes de ser usada numa determinada população, para que se possa constatar em qual faixa etária os resultados são mais precisos. Uma pesquisa com uma amostra brasileira maior também deve ser realizada, para que se possa verificar se sexo e tipo de dente influenciam os resultados. / Given the difficulties in estimating the age of adults and trying to rely on surveys of quality evidence, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Lamendins method of age estimation through a systematic review and meta-analysis and also by applying the technique to a Brazilian sample. For the meta-analysis, we researched studies that aimed to show the effectiveness of the method by comparing the chronological and estimated ages of the sample. We excluded studies with historical samples, those that changed the technique, the ones that analyzed other aspects of the method without presenting results on effectiveness and the ones that presented the sample in a single group with individuals less than 25years of age. Then, the quality evidence scale QUADAS was used with some modifications. The final sample consisted of eight studies. Fieldwork was conducted in a sample of 49 teeth from 26 skulls from the collection of the Center for Study and Research in Forensic Sciences from the IML Guarulhos-SP. The results showed that the studies identified could be methodologically careless and that the method is ineffective in the elderly, but produces good estimates for other adults. In Brazil, young adults showed the smallest mean errors. However, there are discrepancies in the literature as to the age at which the method works best. We suggest that the studies have more methodological rigor and that the technique be tested before used in a given population, so it can be verified at what age the results are more accurate. A research with a larger Brazilian sample should be made, so it can be confirmed if sex and type of tooth influence the results.
2

Eficácia do método de estimativa de idade de Lamendin / Efficacy of Lamendins dental age estimation method

Juliana Ribeiro Lopes 06 August 2012 (has links)
Diante das dificuldades em estimar a idade de adultos e procurando se basear em pesquisas com evidência de qualidade, o presente trabalho objetivou verificar a eficácia do método de estimativa de idade de Lamendin por meio de uma revisão sistemática com metanálise e também aplicando a técnica a uma amostra brasileira. Para a metanálise, foram pesquisados estudos que tinham como objetivo mostrar a eficácia do método, comparando as idades cronológica e estimada da amostra. Foram excluídos os artigos com amostra histórica, os que modificaram a técnica, os que analisaram outros aspectos do método sem retratar sua eficácia e os que apresentaram a amostra em grupo único com indivíduos de menos de 25 anos de idade. Em seguida, a escala de qualidade de evidência QUADAS foi utilizada com modificações. A amostra final foi constituída de oito estudos. O trabalho de campo foi realizado numa amostra composta de 49 dentes provenientes de 26 crânios da coleção do Centro de Estudo e Pesquisa em Ciências Forenses do IML de Guarulhos-SP. Os resultados mostraram que os estudos identificados descuidam de alguns aspectos metodológicos e que o método é ineficaz em idosos, mas que produz boas estimativas nos outros adultos. Nos brasileiros, adultos jovens mostraram as menores médias das diferenças Entretanto, existem discordâncias na literatura quanto à faixa etária em que o método funciona melhor. Diante do exposto, sugerimos que os estudos tenham mais rigor metodológico e que a técnica seja testada antes de ser usada numa determinada população, para que se possa constatar em qual faixa etária os resultados são mais precisos. Uma pesquisa com uma amostra brasileira maior também deve ser realizada, para que se possa verificar se sexo e tipo de dente influenciam os resultados. / Given the difficulties in estimating the age of adults and trying to rely on surveys of quality evidence, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Lamendins method of age estimation through a systematic review and meta-analysis and also by applying the technique to a Brazilian sample. For the meta-analysis, we researched studies that aimed to show the effectiveness of the method by comparing the chronological and estimated ages of the sample. We excluded studies with historical samples, those that changed the technique, the ones that analyzed other aspects of the method without presenting results on effectiveness and the ones that presented the sample in a single group with individuals less than 25years of age. Then, the quality evidence scale QUADAS was used with some modifications. The final sample consisted of eight studies. Fieldwork was conducted in a sample of 49 teeth from 26 skulls from the collection of the Center for Study and Research in Forensic Sciences from the IML Guarulhos-SP. The results showed that the studies identified could be methodologically careless and that the method is ineffective in the elderly, but produces good estimates for other adults. In Brazil, young adults showed the smallest mean errors. However, there are discrepancies in the literature as to the age at which the method works best. We suggest that the studies have more methodological rigor and that the technique be tested before used in a given population, so it can be verified at what age the results are more accurate. A research with a larger Brazilian sample should be made, so it can be confirmed if sex and type of tooth influence the results.
3

The use of permanent maxillary and mandibular canines in sex and age determination in a South African sample

Ackermann, Anja January 2013 (has links)
Dental anthropologists study the variation around the common shared patterns of teeth. These differences in the development, size and morphology of teeth are often used to help estimate the age and sex of unknown individuals. The aim of the study was two-fold. Firstly, it was determined whether sexually dimorphic characteristics exist in the size of permanent canines of South Africans, and whether these differences are of sufficient magnitude to make them usable as a method to determine sex from unknown remains. For this purpose the mesiodistal and buccolingual crown diameters and the maxillary/mandibular canine index were used. Secondly, the Lamendin technique of age estimation was tested and adapted to a South African sample. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the usability of human permanent canines in the determination of two demographic characteristics, namely sex and age, in a South African sample. A sample of known sex, age and population group was obtained from the Pretoria Bone Collection (University of Pretoria, South Africa) and the Raymond A. Dart Collection (University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa). The canines of 498 skulls were measured from four groups namely, black males, black females, white males and white females. The age of the sample ranged from 20 to 90 years. Using discriminant function analysis, it was possible to differentiate between the sexes with a relatively good accuracy of up to 87%. It was also evident that the two populations differed from one another as far as tooth size is concerned. Lamendin’s method of age estimation yielded poor precision and accuracy. Periodontosis was better correlated with age than root transparency, where the highest R2 value was 0.35. In summary it seems that the dimensions of the canine are useful in estimation of sex, should the population group be known. The Lamendin technique, however, gave relatively poor results even though new population specific formulae were created for the black and white populations of this sample. It could only estimate the age of the sample with an R2 value of 0.41 and mean errors ranging from 12.02 to 15.76 years. / Dissertation (MSc)--University of Pretoria, 2013. / gm2014 / Anatomy / unrestricted

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