The topic of my work is assigned outstandingly broadly and provides many possible directions of where to aim the work. During my research I focused on aspects that are usually handled mainly by private constructors, during constructions of smaller extends. In first chapter I tried to define the terms, which I was going to be working with further in my thesis, primarily from the reason that their usage in Czech law is unsystematic and sometimes even confusing. In second chapter I characterised private law entitlement to build with the focus on the ownership of the land and old-new institute of emphyteusis, which was reinstated into Czech law by the Civil Code form 2012. The third chapter deals with the regulation of construction lands in public law beginning with the land use planning up to the verification of basic conditions after completion. Fourth chapter focuses on the cadastre, about the principles used on its operation and on proceedings related to it. Last, fifth chapter briefly describes taxation of the lands especially targeting the property tax.

Este trabalho pretende estabelecer bases para a análise de estruturas correntes feitas em taipa de pilão. Esse material, constituído quase que somente por terra obtida no local da obra, tem todas as propriedades do que se chama uma construção sustentável, incluindo um mínimo de consumo de energia, se comparado as estruturas convencionais em aço e concreto. O texto é dividido em três temas principais. O primeiro trata de revisão da pouca literatura técnica existente sobre o assunto, incluindo a descrição das técnicas de construção e de seleção e preparo dos materiais. O segundo abrange a pesquisa feita pela autora no preparo e ensaio de corpos de prova do material, com a intenção de obter parâmetros que são o insumo para a análise propriamente dita de estruturas desse tipo. Esta análise é a terceira parte do trabalho, a qual consiste no processamento de modelos tridimensionais de elementos finitos de estruturas de construções hipotéticas em taipa de pilão. / This work intends to provide basis for the analysis of common structures built of rammed earth. This material, constituted almost entirely of earth obtained in the place where the building will stand, has all the properties of what is known as sustainable construction, including a minimal consume of energy, as compared to conventional steel or concrete structures. The text is divided in three main themes. The first reports the review the little existing technical literature on the subject, including the description of the building procedures and the selection and preparation of the materials. The second reports research conducted by the author on the preparation and testing of samples of the material, in order to obtain the parameters needed in the analysis of structures of this type. This is the third part of the work, consisting in the numerical analysis of three dimensional finite element models of hypothetical buildings made of rammed earth.

Este trabalho pretende estabelecer bases para a análise de estruturas correntes feitas em taipa de pilão. Esse material, constituído quase que somente por terra obtida no local da obra, tem todas as propriedades do que se chama uma construção sustentável, incluindo um mínimo de consumo de energia, se comparado as estruturas convencionais em aço e concreto. O texto é dividido em três temas principais. O primeiro trata de revisão da pouca literatura técnica existente sobre o assunto, incluindo a descrição das técnicas de construção e de seleção e preparo dos materiais. O segundo abrange a pesquisa feita pela autora no preparo e ensaio de corpos de prova do material, com a intenção de obter parâmetros que são o insumo para a análise propriamente dita de estruturas desse tipo. Esta análise é a terceira parte do trabalho, a qual consiste no processamento de modelos tridimensionais de elementos finitos de estruturas de construções hipotéticas em taipa de pilão. / This work intends to provide basis for the analysis of common structures built of rammed earth. This material, constituted almost entirely of earth obtained in the place where the building will stand, has all the properties of what is known as sustainable construction, including a minimal consume of energy, as compared to conventional steel or concrete structures. The text is divided in three main themes. The first reports the review the little existing technical literature on the subject, including the description of the building procedures and the selection and preparation of the materials. The second reports research conducted by the author on the preparation and testing of samples of the material, in order to obtain the parameters needed in the analysis of structures of this type. This is the third part of the work, consisting in the numerical analysis of three dimensional finite element models of hypothetical buildings made of rammed earth.

New building projects make changes in infrastructure and it is the reason of changing some of the characteristics of pricing building plots. For example: transport accessibility and connection to utilities. Side-effect of large-scale residential development is rising the price of land by speculation, because the expensive new buildings are creating places of "Good address". New construction pushing the boundaries of built-up area and in anticipation of further construction will begin trading at higher prices. The aim is to provide a method of determining of new construction on market value of nearby building sites. The project will be primarily focused on building sites as defined by law. Determination of the impact will be made by a comparative method. As comparative examples will be used traded, valued or offered real estates in locations with some new housing constructions (e.g. cadaster Bystrc, Komín, Sadova). The result of the work will be usable for real estate valuation: 1. Methodology for correction of index of variations to effects of new construction. 2. Methodology for correction of index of variations to speculative component of price.

Angle-Mort de la construction nationale péruvienne, le Haut Marañón est habité par les populations indigènes awajún et wampís, et décrété terre de mission chrétienne au milieu du XXème siècle. Ce territoire amazonien, situé au nord-Est du pays sur une zone frontalière disputée avec l’Équateur depuis les débuts de l’ère républicaine, fait l’objet d’un projet d'intégration à la sphère étatique et nationale. Colonisation interne par des populations paysannes métisses, exploration du sous-Sol préalable à l’élaboration de plans d'extraction minière, pénétration des pratiques narcotrafiquantes, institutionnalisation des œuvres scolaire et médicale: de confin relégué à un statut d’invisibilité, le Haut Marañón devient alors un front de progression de la "société englobante”, nationale puis internationale. Cette recherche retrace l'histoire de la "rencontre" entre deux sphères culturelles, indigène et englobante, dont le Haut Marañón est le théâtre, de l’arrivée des jésuites en 1946 à 2009, date du Baguazo, un conflit sanglant survenu dans la ville de Bagua entre indigènes et forces de police. La thèse montre que loin de se limiter à une simple absorption du marginal par le national, cette rencontre a suscité l'intérêt d'une société civile encore en gestation, et précipité une remise en question partielle du paradigme historique de construction nationale, jusqu'alors sous-Tendu par des logiques socio-Raciales discriminantes et inégalitaires. / As an overlooked piece of Peru’s nation building process, the High Marañón region was mainly populated by indigenous, Awajún and Wampís populations until it was designated a Christian mission land in the middle of the XXth century. This Amazonian territory, located on the northeastern part of the country on the border with Ecuador, has been in diplomatic dispute since the early republican era. As a result, it became the focus of projects whose aim was to integrate the High Marañón into the nation and whose outcome was a number of new phenomena such as a process of “internal colonization” by peasants of mixed race, a series of subsoil explorations for mining extraction, and the institutionalization of activities related to education and health. From a forlorn land made invisible by the limitations of peruvian state apparatus, the High Marañón region became a battleground in the progression of global dynamics. This research aims to narrate the history of the “encounter” of two cultural areas, the indigenous one and the global one, from the arrival of the Jesuit mission in 1946 to the Baguazo event, so-Named after a bloody conflict between indigenous activists and police forces in the city of Bagua which took place in 2009. This research demonstrates that far from limiting itself to a mere absorption of a margin by a nation, this encounter has aroused the interest of Peruvian civil society, and partially called into question the historical nation-Building paradigm, in which socio-Racially biased logics have thusfar prevailed.