published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

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No passado, a disposição de resíduos sólidos sem nenhum tipo de tratamento e controle era algo normal e muito praticado. Em conseqüência, as áreas de disposição transformaram-se em um sério problema de caráter ambiental e de saúde pública. Uma solução encontrada foi reutilizar essas áreas como depósitos de resíduos sólidos, mas agora de forma segura em construções conhecidas como aterros sanitários. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a água subterrânea sob uma célula de disposição de resíduo de origem municipal construída em um antigo terreno utilizado como depósito indiscriminado. Para isso, foram pesquisadas as características físicas da área (geomorfologia, geologia, hidrometeorologia e hidrogeologia). A partir da hidrometeorologia, foi estimada a quantidade de água meteórica sob a célula central e esta foi comparada com a produção de lixiviado produzido na célula central, a diferença entre o estimado (34.006m3) e o produzido (36.338m3) foi de 6,42% para o ano de 2005. Para obter a caracterização da qualidade da água subterrânea foram realizadas amostragens da água subterrânea e água superficial em torno da célula central ao longo dos anos de 2005 e 2006, com intervalos de três meses entre uma campanha e outra. Os parâmetros que apresentaram resultados acima dos valores orientadores para águas subterrâneas (CETESB, 2005 e Portaria 518, 2004) foram: alumínio total, arsênio total, bário total, chumbo total, cloreto total, coliformes totais, cor, ferro total, manganês total, mercúrio total, níquel total, sólidos dissolvidos totais, sulfato e turbidez. Já os parâmetros que apresentaram resultados acima dos valores de intervenção para águas superficiais classe III (CONAMA, 2005) foram: alumínio total, cor, fosfato total, fósforo total, manganês total, odor, óleos e graxas e sólidos totais. Os resultados dessas análises indicam que existe uma alteração das águas, provavelmente devido aos antigos resíduos que ainda são uma fonte de contaminação, mas não apresentaram evidências de que a célula central de disposição de resíduos esteja participando da alteração da água subterrânea e superficial. / In the past, the disposal of solid residue without any type of treatment and control was a common and widespread practice. As a result of that, the old areas used as dump have become a serious environmental and public health problem. Some of these areas are being reused in constructions now known as landfills, this time in a way that they arent a threat anymore. The objective of this research is to analyze the groundwater under a municipal area of residue disposal built on the land of an old irregular dump. For this purpose, the physical characteristics of the area (geomorphology, geology, hydrometeorology and hydrogeology) were studied. With the results from the hydrometeorology analyzes it was possible to estimate the quantity of meteoric water under the central cell which was compared to the production of leachate in the central cell; the difference between the estimated (34.006m3 ) and the produced (36.338m3) was 6,42% in 2005. To characterize the groundwater quality, samples from ground and superficial water were taken from the area surrounding the central cell every three months during 2005 and 2006. The parameters whose results are above reference values for groundwater (CETESB, 2005 e Portaria 518, 2004) were: aluminum, arsenic, barium, lead, chlorate, coliform total, color, iron, manganese, mercury, nickel, solids total dissolved, sulphate and turbidity. The parameters whose results were above intervention value for superficial water class III (CONAMA, 2005) were: aluminum, color phosphate, phosphor, manganese, odor, oils and grease and solids dissolved. The results of these analyzes indicate that theres an alteration in these waters, probably due to old residues disposed of that are still a source of contamination, but these results didnt provide any evidence as of to prove that the central cell is participating in this alteration of the ground and superficial water.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Nevada, Reno, 2005. / "August, 2005." Includes bibliographical references. Online version available on the World Wide Web. Library also has microfilm. Ann Arbor, Mich. : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [2005]. 1 microfilm reel ; 35 mm.

The City of Regina Fleet Street landfill, north-east of Regina, Saskatchewan, is approaching its maximum capacity after a 47-year operating life and plans are now being made for its closure. As part of closure planning work, four test plots encompassing two different cover designs (a capillary break cover and a store-and-release cover) were constructed on the landfill in the summer of 2004. One cover of each design was constructed on both the north facing and the south facing slopes.<p> The overall objective of this thesis is to evaluate the preliminary performance of the four test plots on the City of Regina landfill with regards to net percolation, gas flux, water balance and vegetation. To meet this overall objective three specific objectives were developed as follows:<p> Evaluate the performance and integrity of the monitoring scheme. <p> Characterize the properties of the soil covers on the four test plots. <p> Develop a preliminary water balance using the monitoring field data. <p> A field instrumentation program was carried out which included detailed monitoring of gas composition, volumetric water content, matric suction and temperature within the cover profile as well as measurements of interflow, runoff and site-specific meteorology. Generally, the instrumentation performed well with the exception of the tipping bucket which did not accurately measure precipitation.<p> Evaluation of the covers revealed that the slope aspect exerts greater influence over the water balance than that exerted by cover design itself. The south test plots were drier than the north, experienced more net radiation, and generally had more abundant vegetation. A water balance was conducted for each test plot at the upper, mid and lower slope. It is clear that a capillary break was not maintained on the north slope for the entire monitoring period and the percolation from the store-and-release cover was less than that of the capillary break cover. The south test plots were very dry and net percolation was nearly the same for both test plots. Therefore, it is believed that the store-and-release covers are performing better than the capillary break covers.

Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) has been employed in many situations including cable lines under rivers and rehabilitation of pipelines under buildings and busy traffic. Within the context of a municipal landfill site, a by-product of organic waste (leachate) accumulates within an established landfill. Leachate is a liquid produced from the wastes placed inside landfills and rain that percolates through the wastes and reacts with the products of decomposition. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of employing HDD techniques to extract leachate in the municipal landfill application.

Horizontal directional drilling (HDD) has been employed in many situations including cable lines under rivers and rehabilitation of pipelines under buildings and busy traffic. Within the context of a municipal landfill site, a by-product of organic waste (leachate) accumulates within an established landfill. Leachate is a liquid produced from the wastes placed inside landfills and rain that percolates through the wastes and reacts with the products of decomposition. This thesis investigates the effectiveness of employing HDD techniques to extract leachate in the municipal landfill application.