The City of Regina Fleet Street landfill, north-east of Regina, Saskatchewan, is approaching its maximum capacity after a 47-year operating life and plans are now being made for its closure. As part of closure planning work, four test plots encompassing two different cover designs (a capillary break cover and a store-and-release cover) were constructed on the landfill in the summer of 2004. One cover of each design was constructed on both the north facing and the south facing slopes.<p> The overall objective of this thesis is to evaluate the preliminary performance of the four test plots on the City of Regina landfill with regards to net percolation, gas flux, water balance and vegetation. To meet this overall objective three specific objectives were developed as follows:<p> Evaluate the performance and integrity of the monitoring scheme. <p> Characterize the properties of the soil covers on the four test plots. <p> Develop a preliminary water balance using the monitoring field data. <p> A field instrumentation program was carried out which included detailed monitoring of gas composition, volumetric water content, matric suction and temperature within the cover profile as well as measurements of interflow, runoff and site-specific meteorology. Generally, the instrumentation performed well with the exception of the tipping bucket which did not accurately measure precipitation.<p> Evaluation of the covers revealed that the slope aspect exerts greater influence over the water balance than that exerted by cover design itself. The south test plots were drier than the north, experienced more net radiation, and generally had more abundant vegetation. A water balance was conducted for each test plot at the upper, mid and lower slope. It is clear that a capillary break was not maintained on the north slope for the entire monitoring period and the percolation from the store-and-release cover was less than that of the capillary break cover. The south test plots were very dry and net percolation was nearly the same for both test plots. Therefore, it is believed that the store-and-release covers are performing better than the capillary break covers.

How can we bridge the gap between the lack of construction land and the sustained rapid urban population growth in China? This is a social problem China need to solve in the near future. ‘Land [Fill] The Gap’ is an investigation of the possibility of utilizing existing landfills in Beijing for urban construction in order to accommodate inhabitants, remove landfills and generate electricity from trash. / text

No description available.

No passado, a disposição de resíduos sólidos sem nenhum tipo de tratamento e controle era algo normal e muito praticado. Em conseqüência, as áreas de disposição transformaram-se em um sério problema de caráter ambiental e de saúde pública. Uma solução encontrada foi reutilizar essas áreas como depósitos de resíduos sólidos, mas agora de forma segura em construções conhecidas como aterros sanitários. O objetivo do presente trabalho é analisar a água subterrânea sob uma célula de disposição de resíduo de origem municipal construída em um antigo terreno utilizado como depósito indiscriminado. Para isso, foram pesquisadas as características físicas da área (geomorfologia, geologia, hidrometeorologia e hidrogeologia). A partir da hidrometeorologia, foi estimada a quantidade de água meteórica sob a célula central e esta foi comparada com a produção de lixiviado produzido na célula central, a diferença entre o estimado (34.006m3) e o produzido (36.338m3) foi de 6,42% para o ano de 2005. Para obter a caracterização da qualidade da água subterrânea foram realizadas amostragens da água subterrânea e água superficial em torno da célula central ao longo dos anos de 2005 e 2006, com intervalos de três meses entre uma campanha e outra. Os parâmetros que apresentaram resultados acima dos valores orientadores para águas subterrâneas (CETESB, 2005 e Portaria 518, 2004) foram: alumínio total, arsênio total, bário total, chumbo total, cloreto total, coliformes totais, cor, ferro total, manganês total, mercúrio total, níquel total, sólidos dissolvidos totais, sulfato e turbidez. Já os parâmetros que apresentaram resultados acima dos valores de intervenção para águas superficiais classe III (CONAMA, 2005) foram: alumínio total, cor, fosfato total, fósforo total, manganês total, odor, óleos e graxas e sólidos totais. Os resultados dessas análises indicam que existe uma alteração das águas, provavelmente devido aos antigos resíduos que ainda são uma fonte de contaminação, mas não apresentaram evidências de que a célula central de disposição de resíduos esteja participando da alteração da água subterrânea e superficial. / In the past, the disposal of solid residue without any type of treatment and control was a common and widespread practice. As a result of that, the old areas used as dump have become a serious environmental and public health problem. Some of these areas are being reused in constructions now known as landfills, this time in a way that they arent a threat anymore. The objective of this research is to analyze the groundwater under a municipal area of residue disposal built on the land of an old irregular dump. For this purpose, the physical characteristics of the area (geomorphology, geology, hydrometeorology and hydrogeology) were studied. With the results from the hydrometeorology analyzes it was possible to estimate the quantity of meteoric water under the central cell which was compared to the production of leachate in the central cell; the difference between the estimated (34.006m3 ) and the produced (36.338m3) was 6,42% in 2005. To characterize the groundwater quality, samples from ground and superficial water were taken from the area surrounding the central cell every three months during 2005 and 2006. The parameters whose results are above reference values for groundwater (CETESB, 2005 e Portaria 518, 2004) were: aluminum, arsenic, barium, lead, chlorate, coliform total, color, iron, manganese, mercury, nickel, solids total dissolved, sulphate and turbidity. The parameters whose results were above intervention value for superficial water class III (CONAMA, 2005) were: aluminum, color phosphate, phosphor, manganese, odor, oils and grease and solids dissolved. The results of these analyzes indicate that theres an alteration in these waters, probably due to old residues disposed of that are still a source of contamination, but these results didnt provide any evidence as of to prove that the central cell is participating in this alteration of the ground and superficial water.

No description available.

0 / SPK / specialcollections@tulane.edu

Conventional landfills are built to dispose of the increasing amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated each year. A relatively new type of landfill, called a bioreactor landfill, is designed to optimize the biodegradation of the contained waste to stabilized products. Landfills with stabilized waste pose little threat to the environment from ozone depleting gases and groundwater contamination. Limited research has been done to determine the importance of biodegradation enhancement techniques and the analytical methods that are used to characterize waste stability. The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of several biodegradation enhancements and to evaluate the analytical methods which predict landfill stability. In the first part of this study leachate recirculation, and moisture and temperature management were found to significantly affect the biodegradation of MSW. Leachate recirculation, increased moisture, and higher temperatures increased the first order degradation rates of cellulose and volatile solids. Of the three enhancements, temperature was shown to have the biggest impact on the biodegradation of waste, but sufficient moisture is critical for degradation. Plastic material was also shown to significantly impact the measurements for volatile solids and lignin, which is important if these measurements are used to establish waste stability. In the second part of the study the analytical methods used to characterize waste were evaluated to determine if relationships existed between the methods and which methods were the best predictors of waste stability. Volatile solids and cellulose were found to be the best parameters to monitor waste in landfills. These parameters correlate well with each other, age of the waste, and other parameters. Volatile solids and cellulose are also relatively easy to determine, quick, and show little variation. / Master of Science

This was a study undertaken to investigate municipal solid waste (MSW) landfill stability parameters and landfill leachate properties to determine how solid waste and leachate characteristics can be used to describe stability. The primary objective was to determine if leachate properties could be used to determine stability of the overlying refuse. All landfills studied were engineered landfill bioreactors giving insight to how leachate recirculation affects stability. This study investigated the correlation between cellulose, lignin, volatile solids, and biochemical methane production (BMP). These parameters can been used to characterize landfill stability. The BMP tests indicate that a saturated waste can produce methane. Cellulose is an indicator of landfill stability. Wastes high in cellulose content were found to have high BMP. Paper samples studied indicated gas production from high-cellulose paper was higher compared to low-cellulose samples. Lignin has been found to correlate fairly well with BMP. Increasing cellulose to lignin ratios correlate well with increasing BMP levels, further supporting the use of the BMP test to indicate solid waste stability. In the BMP test for leachate, a mixture of the standard growth medium (less 80% distilled water) and 80% v/v leachate incubated for 15 days produced the most consistent BMP results. Leachate cellulose and BMP correlated well. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) also had some correlation to BMP tests. Leachate COD was found to decrease over time in landfill bioreactors. The use of leachate rather than MSW to determine stability would be more efficient. / Master of Science

Landfill leachates are often treated on-site before disposal to municipal wastewater treatment plants, although variations in leachate composition and organic loading continue to have negative impacts on downstream treatment processes.  Leachate samples were collected from four landfills both before and after on-site treatment to evaluate the extent of biological treatment. The samples vary in age, location, and on-site treatment processes.  Size fractionation utilizing microfiltration (MF) and ultrafiltration (UF) was conducted in conjunction with TOC, nitrogen species, and UV254 absorbance analysis to determine the characteristics of organic constituents present in landfill leachate.  The size fraction less than 1thousand Daltons (1 kDa) was responsible for a predominant portion of the organic fraction of the landfill leachates studied.  Humic substances are refractory components present in landfill leachates that are resistant to biological treatment and responsible for a portion of the UV quenching ability of leachates.  Humic substances were also fractionated to humic acid (HA), fulvic acid (FA), and hydrophilic (Hpi) components before being subjected to size fractionation to determine UV254 absorbance and organic fractions.  Particle size and hydrophobic-hydrophilic fractionation were conducted in series to evaluate the potential for membrane treatment after biological treatment as a cost effective alternative to reverse osmosis processes currently used to decrease the organic fractions present in landfill leachate.  The organic nitrogen fraction was predominately in the hydrophilic fraction smaller than 1 kDa. / Master of Science

In the progress of city development What's your positon in a city What's an architecture's position in a city What's the condition of the city's edge / Master of Architecture