The research project for this PhD set out to provide a best practice example of bringing together industry (Hanson Heidelberg Cement Group), a charitable body (The Parks Trust), non-departmental public body (Environment Agency) and academia (Cranfield University). The Parks Trust (landowner) and Hanson (quarry operator) worked together with the vision of creating a new floodplain forest landscape along a 1 km reach of the River Great Ouse following extraction of gravels from the site. It was the first project of its kind in the United Kingdom where planning permission was obtained specifically for the creation of a floodplain forest habitats post quarrying. The aim of the PhD research was to determine appropriate ecological approaches to apply to the assessment and future monitoring of habitat outcomes of a floodplain forest restoration project at a mineral extraction site. A central element of the research was the design of a scientifically justified monitoring programme, with key variables determined being: soil characteristics, water quality, vegetation development, site topography and water table level data. An Adaptive Monitoring Framework (AMF) was chosen to set the proposed monitoring within which was complemented with the hypothesis - The ratio of wet/dry vegetation within the floodplain forest is determined by the site topography and water table level. The hypothesis was tested by analysis of the key variables through fieldwork and existing data sources supplemented with a study of the water table level interaction with two typical floodplain forest tree species (Salix viminalis and Populus trichocarpa x deltoides) in a glasshouse experiment. Findings from the field and experimental research were then used within a spatially based landscape ecology scenario approach to identify the most suitable areas of the study site for specific species planting according to soil-water levels and topography in the floodplain forest. Outputs of this research enhance understanding of the key aspects to consider when assessing floodplain forest re-creation/restoration and enable guidelines and recommendations to be developed for land managers based on a long-term and an adaptive ecological monitoring approach. These management guidelines and recommendations based on a systematic scientific approach applied within the research should be appropriate to other similar restoration projects. The research provides the background evidence on what should be measured to determine the environmental changes of the floodplain forest habitat restoration as it develops towards restoration success.

Submitted by Patricia Gallo (pgblima@gmail.com) on 2017-12-18T17:49:28Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia_GalloBLima.pdf: 4045880 bytes, checksum: 00a8a2a2a8630e7365a580eb626abaad (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Raphael Vilas Boas (raphaelboas@ibict.br) on 2017-12-19T16:17:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia_GalloBLima.pdf: 4045880 bytes, checksum: 00a8a2a2a8630e7365a580eb626abaad (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-12-19T16:17:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Patricia_GalloBLima.pdf: 4045880 bytes, checksum: 00a8a2a2a8630e7365a580eb626abaad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017 / Coordenação de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is now a significant piece of the international climate agreement. This present dissertation aims to investigate the overall framework of REDD+ development as a national strategy in Brazil. Moreover, it focuses on identifying the major challenges and policy constraints of this development design process. A further aim is at the end of the research to proffer pathways for improvement of domestic forest governance in Brazil. Using the sustainable forest landscape governance approach as the overarching conceptual for an effective REDD+ implementation within the Brazilian context and, building on this analysis, the conclusions advance some considerations on what features should be prioritised in the development and establishment of the Brazilian REDD+ national strategy. This dissertation is a grounded theoretical analysis and is centered on the conception that although REDD+ is strongly treated by the Federal Government as an expansion of its actions with regard to sustainable development, by turning forests into an economic asset and strengthening institutions and laws, it is much more likely that Brazil can deal with the environmental challenges it has been facing. / Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD+) is now a significant piece of the international climate agreement. This present dissertation aims to investigate the overall framework of REDD+ development as a national strategy in Brazil. Moreover, it focuses on identifying the major challenges and policy constraints of this development design process. A further aim is at the end of the research to proffer pathways for improvement of domestic forest governance in Brazil. Using the sustainable forest landscape governance approach as the overarching conceptual for an effective REDD+ implementation within the Brazilian context and, building on this analysis, the conclusions advance some considerations on what features should be prioritised in the development and establishment of the Brazilian REDD+ national strategy. This dissertation is a grounded theoretical analysis and is centered on the conception that although REDD+ is strongly treated by the Federal Government as an expansion of its actions with regard to sustainable development, by turning forests into an economic asset and strengthening institutions and laws, it is much more likely that Brazil can deal with the environmental challenges it has been facing.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(地球環境学) / 甲第24953号 / 地環博第244号 / 新制||地環||48(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院地球環境学舎地球環境学専攻 / (主査)教授 西前 出, 准教授 淺野 悟史, 教授 小林 広英 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Global Environmental Studies / Kyoto University / DGAM

Holistic and multidisciplinary approaches where both conservation and development goals are in place is one of the global orientations towards sustainability. Science has come together with practical experiences and lessons learned that highlight the critical importance of working at a ‘Landscape’ level. Landscapes are a pivotal scale for both sustainability and sustainable development. Because landscapes are needed to articulate and interconnect local, subnational, national, and therefore, global goals. International efforts in regards to sustainable rural development are not new; however, they are currently pointing to an Integrated Landscape Approach (ILA). Despite that, there is not yet a universal definition of the ILA; there are some principles or prescriptions that are useful for the assessment of current specific efforts of ILA implementation. In the present thesis, a multi-criteria policy analysis of ILA in Mexico was performed with the aims to identify and analyze multi-level governance initiatives, and policy frameworks, and contribute to the investigation if the landscape approach makes a difference in terms of conservation and sustainable development goals. International frameworks, national policies, and in particular Mexican landscape initiatives were analyzed and discussed. Along with the document analysis, key informant interviews were carried out. The findings confirm that the Landscape Sustainability science framework can be adequate to sustain further multidisciplinary research on ILA. Additionally, the ILA in Mexico has been promoted through at least 10 national policies and 15 landscape initiatives with evident signs of consistency with the ILA aims and principles. It was found that there are several challenges for effective ILA implementation, such as long-term finance and planning and inter-sectorial collaboration within common policy goals. Among these, major “bottlenecks” of effective ILA implementation lie on a Good Landscape Governance and the Willingness of Government (“political will”) and Stakeholders to pursue the ILA. The ILA is not the one and only solution for sustainability and sustainable development at the landscape level. Indeed, the ILA still needs scientifically sound research and more long-term capital investments. The findings of this study help to understand that the ILA is an alternative to interconnect the human, social, environmental and economic dimensions within each particular landscape for an effective problem solving, decision-making and implementation of sustainable development.:1. Introduction.................................................................................................................................... 8 1.1. Integrated Landscape Approach for Sustainable Forestry.................................................... 8 1.2. Justification on the study focus on Policy and Multilevel Governance in Mexico............. 11 2. Objectives..................................................................................................................................... 15 2.1. Overall research objective ................................................................................................... 15 2.2. Specific research objectives and Research questions per specific research objective ...... 15 3. Theoretical Framework................................................................................................................ 16 3.1. The science behind: Integrated Landscape Approaches..................................................... 16 3.2. Conceptual Framework: Integrated Landscape Approach ................................................. 19 3.3. Principles and criteria for Integrated Landscape Approaches............................................ 24 3.4. Environmental and Forestry context in Mexico.................................................................. 26 4. Methodological Framework......................................................................................................... 31 4.1. Research Design ................................................................................................................... 31 4.2. Indicator matrix assessment for the study.......................................................................... 32 4.3. Stakeholders and key informants interviews...................................................................... 33 4.4. Data analysis......................................................................................................................... 34 5. Results........................................................................................................................................... 35 5.1. National framework for ILA ................................................................................................. 35 5.2. ILA Initiatives in Mexico....................................................................................................... 39 5.3. Findings from interviews analysis with key Informants..................................................... 46 6. Discussion ..................................................................................................................................... 49 6.1. The international vision ....................................................................................................... 49 6.1.1 Synthesis knowledge for Integrated Landscape Approaches............................................ 51 6.2. The national vision and the initiatives experiences............................................................ 53 6.3. Lessons learned and barriers for implementing ILA: the Mexican experience.................. 60 7. Conclusion .................................................................................................................................... 64 7.1 Summation ................................................................................................................................. 64 7.2 Suggestions for further research ............................................................................................... 65 7.3 Limitations of the study and methodological critique.............................................................. 66 8. References.................................................................................................................................... 68

Freeways that once tore through the urban fabric are now reaching the end of their lifespan and raising the question as to whether it is time to rebuild or remove them. The Interstate system has revolutionized transportation, connecting cities nationwide, but at the same time has slashed through existing neighborhoods. The very land from which hundreds of Fox Point residents were evicted for the construction of Interstate 195 through Providence, Rhode Island, now lies barren as a result of the interstate’s realignment. The surplus land, rezoned as the East Side Overlay District (ESOD), connects the Providence River and Narragansett Bay waterfronts. The ESOD is awaiting request for proposals (RFP), presenting an opportunity to redefine sustainable community development for Fox Point’s waterfront. The latest research on sustainable development employs culture as a direction for environmental, economic and social vitality. This project utilizes the historic urban landscape approach as a framework for providing knowledge and planning tools, for a more informed decision making process. In response, a proposal for redevelopment merges cultural development with visitor interaction in a reactivated waterfront. The post-freeway city has an opportunity to rebuild sustainable communities through cultural infrastructure.