Community Infrastructure Establishment is the guiding principle of carrying out ¡§the project for commuting networks in the community schools.¡¨ To achieve the goals of community development, carry out action policies, and to achieve a ¡§community of happiness,¡¨ the plan for commuting networks in the community schools, Kaohsiung City, has been made for schools and communities together to participate. ¡§Humanity¡¨ is taken as the main idea for design; and ¡§decreasing emission amount,¡¨ ¡§ecology,¡¨ and ¡§nature¡¨ are regarded as green architectural thinking. It is hoped to build up a safe, comfortable, healthy, friendly and sustainable organic environment together. This Study takes policy implementation theory and policy assessment theory as the foundation for establishing implementation and assessment structure. By discussing the current state of and result of carrying out the project for commuting networks in the community schools as well as factors influencing on achieving goals of the project, it is expected to achieve the research purpose. Using self-made survey questionnaires based on research structure, the author proceeded with the survey on students and teachers of Cianjin Elementary School, Cianjin Junior High School, and Cisian Junior High School, Cianjin District, and these students¡¦ parents, the district¡¦s heads of neighborhoods and local residents. 617 copies of questionnaires were distributed. 558 effective copies were retrieved. Only effective samples are taken. Analysis approaches such as percentile rank, t-test, descriptive statistics, and one-way ANOVA are employed to proceed with data processing and analysis. After comprehensive analysis and discussion, conclusions and suggestions are made as follows. A. In the situation of carrying out the project for commuting networks in the community schools, Kaohsiung City, new campus landscapes have been advanced, mutual relation between schools and communities has been strengthened, and manifest and hidden double meanings have been brought out. B. At the level of achieving effective goals of the project for commuting networks in the community schools, ¡§beautification and virescence of landscape¡¨ and ¡§safety and convenience¡¨ reach the highest level of accomplishment. C. At the level of achieving effective goals of carrying out the project for commuting networks in the community schools, according to different employment positions, living areas, ages and education levels, people have different attitudes towards the four aspects -- ¡§environment and beautification and virescence,¡¨ ¡§safety,¡¨ ¡§mutual relation among and participation in communities,¡¨ and ¡§level of general satisfaction.¡¨ D. In this Study, it is found that 70% of interviewees agree that commuting networks in the community schools can increase community residents¡¦ relaxing and walking activities. But only 51% of interviewees agree that teachers, parents and community residents create more opportunities to take part in public affairs. Therefore, there should be some space for growth in community mutual relations. Focusing on concrete aspects of participation in communities instead of concerning the surface should be made. E. In this Study, it is found that 76.9% of interviewees agree that strangers and thieves have easily disrupted safety and security since the external walls of campuses were opened up and 71.3% of interviewees agree that the opening up of external walls of campuses causes a problem for managing students¡¦ comings and goings. Thus it is worth paying attention to and scheduling school campuses¡¦ safety and security. Supporting measures and management of campuses¡¦ safety and security should be strengthened. F. 63% of interviewees agree that Kaohsiung City¡¦s streets and landscapes have become more beautiful since improvement has been made and 48.9% of interviewees think that their sense of happiness in life has been enhanced. Thus, everyone has a different interpretation on the concept of happiness. That is because meaning of happiness is rather abstract.

The junior high schools and primary schools which are numerous and located in the equal distribution are the largest public facility lands in Taiwan. Under the circumstances that the urban area not only has high density of population and spends expensive cost but also has not enough public facilities, the campus which has the green land as well as open space is becoming the only chance of the neighborhood accessing to nature. Proper adjustment of campus planning or architectural design of school buildings is to make the best use of the limited resource of public facilities in the city and to bear the duties and responsibilities of improving the community environmental needs. Regarding ¡§Challenge 2008: National Development Program¡ÐThe Community Landscape Construction of the New Hometown¡ÐCommunity Landscape Construction Program,¡¨ we expect to build up a living space of high quality and humanization to make the best of the characteristics of the local nature, history and cultural landscape. We aim to reconstruct urban and rural landscape to push forward the improvement and to stimulate the potentials of the development of the Taiwanese society step by step; and ¡§the commuting networks of community school children¡¨ is the most urgent item to subsidize. In Kaohsiung City, there are already 5 commuting networks of community school children completed at the first phase. This research proceed beneficial evaluation on the commuting networks of Ling-Jou Primary School after it is put in usage to collect the empirical data. Hence, a significant feedback and improvement in this program can be achieved. The researcher selects three dimensions including the dimension of ¡¥functions¡¦, ¡¥psychologies¡¦, and ¡¥policies¡¦ of the commuting networks in the community as the evaluation of effectiveness based on literature review, the researcher also interviews students, inhabitants and teachers to collect the data of their feedback of every specific item including the safety of school trip, the convenience of pick-up students, the facilities of the commuting networks, recreational function, beautiful natural scenery, the levels of satisfaction, the whole environmental image, identification with schools, the creative potential of the public to resolve problems, the experience and ability of participating in public affaires, the buildup of the multiple space aiming to satisfy the human needs, and the effect of publicizing the facilities of the primary schools.¡@ The results of the present study reveal that: (1) The planning and use of the commuting networks in the community which leads to the interaction between school and community is an efficient method to combine school and community so as to help community inhabitants to build up identification and participation with schools. (2) The case of the commuting networks in the community helps the public to perceive the questions, to estimate the reality, to stir up the imagination, to create community features, and to reveal the meaning of community participation. (3) The commuting networks provide the green land, barrier-free pathway so that the inhabitants enjoy doing exercise and taking a walk to achieve the recreational function. The dimensions such as the construction will begin upon the integration of the public ideas can meet the demand of human nature; according to all the interviewees, it is believed that the effect of publicizing the facilities of primary schools provides with a platform for the interaction between school and community, merging the ideas of the inhabitants into the facilities of schools, combine public art to uplift the quality of recreational life of the public, etc. However, the utilization of the inhabitants also increases the burden on the maintenance management of the school. In the other hand, the relevant suggestions to improve the publicizing the facilities of the primary schools as well as urban space planning are provided.

Landscape and related environmental works are discussed as an integral and essential aspect of most land development projects, whether they are building or civil works, environmental protection, rehabilitation or landscape beautification. Problematic contractual issues that regularly arise in landscape contracting from the use of standard forms of construction contracts for pre-main contract, in-main contract and post-main contract landscape work are identified and discussed. These forms of contracts have essentially been written for traditional building and engineering works and are shown to be inadequately addressing the unique contractual aspects relating to landscaping works. The study focuses on the issues to be addressed in a contract between an employer and a landscape contractor for work to be undertaken before the main construction contractor has been appointed and on landscape subcontract work undertaken during the construction under the main contract. It addresses the problems surrounding the contractual practical termination of the landscape subcontract, the defects liability period and interim landscape maintenance as well as landscape maintenance work after the landscape installation has reached final completion. The study points towards an appropriate form of contract for use in conjunction with the JBCC contract system to provide for the particular requirements of landscape contracting. It indicates the necessary compatibility between landscape subcontractual requirements and the JBCC Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement. This required compatibility warrants a revision of or an addendum to the JBCC document. The requirements for a landscape maintenance contract, for use after termination of the landscape installation (sub)contract, are shown to be sufficiently different from the installation contract to warrant changes or addenda to the standard construction contract form. From a review of literature on the landscape contractual environment in South Africa and a study of contracts commonly used in South Africa, pertinent landscape contractual issues are identified for the three phases in which landscape and related environmental works are performed, i.e. before the main construction contract, during the main construction contract and during the landscape maintenance period after completion of the main contract. These issues are formalised and tested for validity and relevance by means of a survey conducted amongst developers and owners of building and engineering works, contractors and professional consultants. The research is summarised, findings and conclusions for each of the three landscape works phases are presented and recommendations made to address the confirmed contractual problematic issues. The survey confirms the JBCC suite of contracts as the most widely used for landscaping contracts in South Africa and the recommendations therefore focus thereon. The study concludes with a proposal for an addendum to the JBCC’s Nominated/Selected Subcontract Agreement entitled “General and specific conditions of subcontract for landscape and related works” and recommendations for further study of related issues identified in the survey but which fall outside the focus of this study. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2010. / Architecture / unrestricted

This thesis describes the design, development, and evaluation of an interactive Microsoft HoloLens application that projects landscape models in Augmented Reality. The application was developed using the Unity framework and 3D models created in Sketchup. Using the application, students can not only visualize the models in real space but can also interact with the models using gestures. The students can interact with the models using gaze and air-tap gestures. Application testing was conducted with 21 students from the Landscape Architecture and Environmental Planning department at Utah State University. To evaluate the application, students completed a usability survey after using the application. Students also participated in a focus group. Results indicate that students were excited to use the application and found it helpful for learning landscape construction concepts. Some of the students found the application and the HoloLens device cumbersome to use, and they offered suggestions for how to improve the application. The thesis concludes with recommendations for future work.