yes / The UK has recently recognized the importance of tranquil spaces in the National Planning Policy Framework, NPPF. This paper reports on applying the tranquillity rating prediction tool, TRAPT for predicting the perceived tranquillity of a place and using this tool to classify the levels of tranquillity in existing areas. The tool combines soundscape and landscape measures to produce a tranquillity rating on a 0-10 rating scales. For these purposes noise maps, spot noise level measurements, photographic surveys were used to predict tranquillity levels in 8 parks and open spaces in or near the city of Bradford in West Yorkshire in the UK. In addition interviews were conducted with visitors to validate these predictions. It was found that there was a reasonably close relationship between predicted and average assessments given by park visitors which confirmed the usefulness of the tranquillity rating prediction tool for planning and conservation purposes.

Yes / Previous work on elucidating the tranquillity of various environments has largely focussed on prediction and validation in urban environments. The setting for the latest phase of research was an English country park and surrounding moors on the urban fringe located 8 miles west of Bradford. Within the area selected there were a number of environments and man-made features and sounds that were thought to significantly affect tranquillity and which were not covered in earlier studies. The experiment extended over a number of months and utilised a jury technique for evaluation involving leading small groups of walkers to different locations in quasi-random order. At each location participants were asked to complete a short questionnaire and measurements of the physical soundscape and landscape images were used to interpret the results and give insights into the importance of the various factors affecting tranquillity. Such data will be useful for effective environmental management and conservation in the countryside.

Schon seit langer Zeit, besonders intensiv jedoch in den letzten Jahrzehnten werden Ausschnitte der Geosphäre hinsichtlich ihrer geometrischen Eigenschaften verglichen und bewertet. Dafür wurden empirisch viele verschiedene Landschaftsmaße gefunden, die diese geometrischen Eigenschaften auf unterschiedlichste Weise in mehreren Ebenen abbilden. Für die unterste Ebene, d.h. für die direkte Bewertung von individuellen, relativ homogenen Landschaftselementen, wird in dieser Arbeit eine Theorie vorgestellt. Ausgehend von der inhaltlichen Zielstellung der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein System redundanzfreier Grundmaße theoretisch hergeleitet. Dieses System wird hinsichtlich der mathematischen Eigenschaften untersucht und sowohl mit normierten, abstrakten Objekten als auch anhand von realen Beispieldaten veranschaulicht. Unter Verwendung dieser Grundmaße können dann Landschaftselemente über statistische Verfahren klassifiziert oder komplexere Landschaftsmaße mit gewünschten Eigenschaften je nach praktischer Anforderung konstruiert werden. Die Zusammenhänge von bereits bekannten Landschaftsmaßen und diesen Grundmaßen sowie die Vorgehensweise bei der Ableitung neuer, anwendungsspezifischer, komplexer Landschaftsmaße aus den Grundmaßen werden in dieser Arbeit vorgestellt. / For a long time, but especially during the last decades parts of the geosphere were compared and valued using their geometrical properties. Therefore many different landscape measures were found empirically which map these geometrical qualities into several levels in a variety of ways. In this paper there will be presented a theory which deals with the basic level i.e. with these measures which evaluate individual relative homogeneous landscape elements. Based on the objective of this paper a system of redundance-free basic measures will be deduced theoretically. This system will be studied in regard to its mathematical properties and will be illustrated by using standardized abstract objects and real example data. Landscape elements can be classified using statistical procedures or complex landscape measures with practically requested properties can be constructed by using these basic measures. The relations between well-known landscape measures and these basic measures are shown. The procedure of deduction of new application-specific complex landscape measures from the basic measures are introduced in this paper.