Στην παρούσα εργασία μελετήθηκαν δύο κατολισθήσεις του Νομού Ευρυτανίας. Η πρώτη βρίσκεται 3 χιλιόμετρα βόρεια του οικισμού της Αγίας Παρασκευής και συγκεκριμένα στα νότια του Νομού στα σύνορά του με τον Νομό Αιτωλοακαρνανίας. Για την διευκόλυνσή μας θα την ορίσουμε ως «κατολίσθηση Αγίας Παρασκευής». Η δεύτερη βρίσκεται στην απέναντι κλιτύ του χωριού Προυσός και στην παρούσα εργασία θα την ορίσουμε ως «κατολίσθηση Προυσού». Η επιλογή της περιοχής μελέτης των συγκεκριμένων κατολισθήσεων έγινε με βάση: i. Σύγκριση παλαιών και νέων κατολισθήσεων, μιας και η κατολίσθηση της Αγίας Παρασκευής είναι μια σχετικά πρόσφατη κατολίσθηση του 2000. ii. Περιγραφή διαφορετικών τύπων ταξινόμησης κατολισθήσεων. Η κατολίσθηση της Αγίας Παρασκευής ανήκει στις μεταθετικές κατολισθήσεις, ενώ αυτή του Προυσού χαρακτηρίζεται ως ολίσθηση κώνου κορημάτων. iii. Γεωλογικές και τεκτονικές συνθήκες της κάθε θέσης. Η κατολισθαίνουσα μάζα ανήκει συνήθως στο ανώτερο τμήμα της κλιτύος και αποτελείται κυρίως από αποσαθρωμένο υλικό. Συχνά, όμως κατολισθαίνουν και τμήματα του μητρικού σχηματισμού. Οι κατολισθήσεις είναι συχνότερες σε περιοχές με έντονο ανάγλυφο, όπου οι κλίσεις είναι μεγάλες, ενώ βραδείες κατολισθήσεις ή ερπυσμοί είναι συχνότεροι σε ηπιότερα ανάγλυφα. Πέρα από την κλίση του πρανούς σημαντικό ρόλο εμφανίζουν η γεωλογική δομή και η διάταξη των πετρωμάτων. Οι γεωλογικές συνθήκες στην Δυτική Ελλάδα ευνοούν την εκδήλωση κατολισθήσεων. Στη ζώνη αυτή επικρατούν οι επιρρεπείς σε κατολισθήσεις σχηματισμοί του φλύσχη, των αργιλομαργών και των σχιστοκερατόλιθων με εφιππευμένα ασβεστολιθικά λέπια. Επίσης εμφανίζονται τεταρτογενείς αποθέσεις που διακρίνονται σε πλευρικά κορήματα και κώνους κορημάτων. Αποτελούνται από γωνιώδη θραύσματα, κυρίως ασβεστολιθικά, τα οποία κατά περίπτωση είναι είτε συνεκτικά είτε ασύνδετα. / -

Οι κατολισθήσεις συνιστούν ένα από τα συχνότερα και πιο καταστροφικά δευτερογενή φυσικά φαινόμενα, από άποψη πρόκλησης ζημιών και κινδύνου απώλειας ανθρώπινων ζωών στη διάρκεια των σεισμών. Κατά τη διάρκεια των ιστορικών χρόνων, έχουν διαπιστωθεί πολυάριθμες κατολισθήσεις, με τη σεισμική δραστηριότητα να αποτελεί πάντα μία από τις κύριες αιτίες των φαινομένων αυτών. Ο Ελληνικός χώρος φιλοξενεί από την αρχαιότητα μέχρι σήμερα ένα σημαντικό αριθμό σεισμικά προκαλούμενων κατολισθήσεων. Το γεγονός αυτό οφείλεται στις πολυσύνθετες γεωλογικές δομές, τη γεωμορφολογία, τις κλιματικές συνθήκες, καθώς και τη συνεχή σεισμικότητα, λόγω των υψηλών τεκτονικών τάσεων. Η πλειονότητα των κατολισθήσεων στην χώρα μας συνίσταται από περιοχές παλαιότερης ενεργοποίησης. Για αυτόν το λόγο, το πρόβλημα θα μπορούσε να χαρακτηριστεί ιδιαίτερα σημαντικό, τόσο οικονομικά όσο και κοινωνικά, αφού είναι πλέον πολύ συχνές οι καταστροφές οδικών δικτύων και άλλων τομέων των τεχνικών έργων, ενώ οι επιπτώσεις αφορούν την τρωτότητα και τη βιωσιμότητα των οικισμών, λόγω των επισφαλών συνθηκών. Πρωταρχικό στόχο αυτής της διατριβής αποτελεί η παρουσίαση της κατανομής των καταγεγραμμένων κατολισθήσεων του όρους Σκόλις, οι οποίες ενεργοποιήθηκαν από τον σεισμό της 8ης Ιουνίου του 2008. Το ισχυρό σεισμικό γεγονός , με μέγεθος Mw=6.4, προκάλεσε εκτεταμένες καταστροφές σε ακτίνα 30 km από την επικεντρική περιοχή. Εδαφικές αστοχίες παρατηρήθηκαν ευρέως σε απόσταση αρκετών χιλιομέτρων από το ρήγμα, κυρίως υπό μορφή σεισμικών διαρρήξεων και κατολισθήσεων. Τα κατολισθητικά γεγονότα έλαβαν χώρα στα απότομα πρανή του όρους Σκόλις, το οποίο βρίσκεται στη Βορειοδυτική Πελοπόννησο, στη Δυτική Ελλάδα. Ακολούθως, η παρούσα μεταπτυχιακή εργασία παρέχει μια εικόνα των βαρυτικών μετακινήσεων στο όρος Σκόλις, όπου μελετώνται αναλυτικά: 1) οι μηχανισμοί ενεργοποίησης των ολισθήσεων και των πτώσεων βράχων, 2) ο αριθμός και το καθεστώς της ενεργότητάς τους, 3) ο καθοριστικός ρόλος των εγκαρσίων ρηγμάτων στη διεύρυνσή τους, 4) ο βαθμός επαναδραστηριοποίησης των ολισθήσεων, που υπολογίστηκε περίπου σε ποσοστό 85%, και 5) οι καταστροφές που προκλήθηκαν στην κατοικημένη περιοχή. Τέλος, ύστερα από τη συσχέτιση μεταξύ προϋπαρχουσών και επαναδραστηριοποιημένων ολισθήσεων, παρατίθενται συγκεντρωτικά τα συμπεράσματα που προέκυψαν από την εξέταση όλων των παραγόντων. / Seismically-induced landslides are a frequent and destructive secondary phenomenon, in terms of damage and human loss. Innumerable landslides have been triggered by earthquakes during historic time and seismic activities have always been a main cause of landslides throughout the world. Greece hosts since the antiquity a significant number of earthquake-triggered landslides due to complex geological features, geomorphology, climatic conditions, as well as continuous background seismicity due to high tectonic stress. Most landslides in our country constitute areas of older activation. Hence, the problem could be characterized particularly socially and economically important, after the more often consequences occur in destructions of road networks and their sessions of technical works, as well as in the vulnerability of settlements because of precarious conditions. The primary aim of this thesis is the presentation of the distribution of recorded landslides on Skolis Mountain, triggered by the 8 June 2008 earthquake. The strong seismic event of magnitude Mw=6.4, caused extensive damage along 30 km wide area. Ground failures were widely observed within several kilometers of the fault, mostly taking the form of seismic fractures and landslides. The landslides phenomena took place on the unstable rock slopes of Skolis Mountain, which is located in the Northwestern Peloponnesus, in Western Greece. Furthermore, the present master essay provides a portrait over the whole of Skolis mountain, regarding: (1) the triggering mechanisms of rock falls and rock slides; (2) the number and their state of activity, (3) the crucial role of the cross strike normal faults, (4) the rate of reactivation of rock slides, estimated at 85 percent and (5) the damages that they caused in the residential area. Finally, after examining the correlation between pre-existing and reactivated rock slides, the conclusions that results from the examination of all parameters of interest, are presented aggregately.

Landslides present a geomorphological hazard in alpine regions, threatening life, infrastructure and property. Presented in this thesis is the development of a new Regional Landslide Inventory (RI) for the European Alps. The new inventory is used to investigate links between landslide size and frequency in the European Alps and weather and climatic controls. Temperatures in the European Alps have risen by 2 C since the end of the Little Ice Age (LIA); a trend which is set to continue. Previous research has shown that past landslide clusters are centred around periods of signi ficant climate change, thus understanding how this translates to the current warming trend is important both for communities living in the European Alps and for the insurance industry. The RI compiled here, provides a substantial temporal and spatial picture of landsliding in the Alps; with particular focus on the Swiss and French Alps. The temporal distribution and estimates of completeness were tested through the use of segmented models, scaling relationships and area-frequency distributions; the post-1970 portion of the database is considered most complete, although underestimating the frequency of medium-sized landslides. Analysis of the RI in the context of synoptic weather types demonstrates that high precipitation over the European Alps is consistent with higher landslide frequencies. Whilst analysis with climate data show that annual landslide frequencies are correlated with changes in precipitation and temperature across the European Alps; accounting for up to 35% of the seasonal variation in landslide frequency.

O mapeamento de áreas com predisposição à ocorrência de eventos adversos, que resultam em ameaça e danos a sociedade, é uma demanda de elevada importância, principalmente pelo papel que exerce em ações de planejamento, gestão ambiental, territorial e de riscos. Diante disso, este trabalho busca contribuir na qualificação de metodologias e parâmetros morfométricos para mapeamento de suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa através de SIG e Sensoriamento Remoto, um dos objetivos é aplicar e comparar metodologias de suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa, entre elas o Shalstab, e a Árvore de Decisão que ainda é pouco utilizada nessa área. Buscando um consenso acerca da literatura, fez-se necessário organizar as informações referentes aos eventos adversos através de classificação, para isso foram revisados os conceitos relacionados com desastres, tais como suscetibilidade, vulnerabilidade, perigo e risco. Também foi realizado um estudo no município de Três Coroas – RS, onde foram relacionadas as ocorrências de movimentos de massa e as zonas de risco da CPRM. A partir de parâmetros morfométricos, foram identificados padrões de ocorrência de deslizamentos, e a contribuição de fatores como uso, ocupação e declividade. Por fim, foram comparados dois métodos de mapeamento de suscetibilidade, o modelo Shalstab e a Árvore de Decisão. Como dado de entrada dos modelos foram utilizados parâmetros morfométricos, extraídos de imagens SRTM, e amostras de deslizamentos, identificadas por meio de imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial. A comparação das metodologias e a análise da acurácia obteve uma resposta melhor para a Árvore de Decisão. A diferença, entretanto, foi pouco significativa e ambos podem representar de forma satisfatória o mapa de suscetibilidade. No entanto, o Shalstab apresentou mais limitações, devido à necessidade de dados de maior resolução espacial. A aplicação de metodologias utilizando SIG e Sensoriamento Remoto contribuíram com uma maior qualificação em relação à prevenção de danos ocasionados por movimentos de massa. Ressalta-se, entretanto, a necessidade de inventários consistentes, para obter uma maior confiabilidade na aplicação dos modelos. / The mapping of areas with predisposition to adverse events, which result in threat and damage to society, is a demand of great importance, mainly for the role it plays in planning, environmental, territorial and risk management actions. Therefore, this work seeks to contribute to the qualification of methodologies and morphometric parameters for mapping susceptibility to mass movements through GIS and Remote Sensing, one of the objectives is to apply and compare methodologies of susceptibility to mass movements, among them Shalstab, and the Decision Tree that is still little used in this area. Seeking a consensus about the literature, it was necessary to organize the information regarding the adverse events through classification, for this the concepts related to disasters such as susceptibility, vulnerability, danger and risk were reviewed. A study was also carried out in the city of Três Coroas - RS, where the occurrence of mass movements and the risk zones of CPRM were related. From morphometric parameters, patterns of occurrence of landslides were identified, and the contribution of factors such as use, occupation and declivity. Finally, two methods of susceptibility mapping, the Shalstab model and the Decision Tree, were compared. Morphometric parameters, extracted from SRTM images, and sliding samples, identified by means of high spatial resolution satellite images, were used as input data. The comparison of the methodologies and the analysis of the accuracy obtained a better answer for the Decision Tree. The difference, however, was insignificant and both can represent satisfactorily the map of susceptibility. However, Shalstab presented more limitations due to the need for higher spatial resolution data. The application of methodologies using GIS and Remote Sensing contributed with a higher qualification in relation to the prevention of damages caused by mass movements. However, the need for consistent inventories to obtain greater reliability in the application of the models is emphasized.

Landscapes respond to external perturbations over a variety of timescales, including million-year tectonic forcing, millennial to decadal climate fluctuations, and minutes-long high intensity storms or large magnitude earthquakes. In mountainous regions, understanding the role of landslides in driving the hillslope response to these perturbations is paramount for understanding landscape evolution over geologic timescales and hazards over human timescales. Here I analyze the landslide-driven hillslope response over millennial to decadal timescales using a variety of tools and techniques (e.g. tephrochronology, lidar and air photo analysis, field and subsurface investigations, and seismic refraction) in the Waipaoa Basin (New Zealand) and Oregon Coast Range (USA). For the Waipaoa study catchment, pervasive landslides have been sculpting >99% of the hillslopes in response to >50 m of fluvial incision following the shift to a warmer, wetter climate after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) (~18 ka). Then, starting in the late 1800s, European settlement resulted in deforestation and conversion of >90% of the landscape to pastureland—spurring a rapid increase in landslide-driven erosion. To quantify the landscape response, I first reconstruct LGM and younger paleosurfaces using tephrochronology and lidar-derived surface roughness to estimate the volume, timing, and distribution of hillslope destabilization. From these reconstructions, I calculate the post-LGM catchment-averaged erosion rate (1.6 mm/yr) and determine that the timing of the initial hillslope adjustment was rapid and occurred by ~10 ka. Second, I quantify the rate and volume of historic hillslope degradation using a 1956-2010 sequence of aerial photographs, lidar, and field reconnaissance to map the spatial extent of active landslides, create a ‘turf index’ based on the extent and style of pastoral ground disruption, correlate that with downslope velocity, and calculate the average annual sediment flux. From the sediment flux, I calculate an erosion rate over the past ~50 years (~20 mm/yr) that is 10x greater than post-LGM. Lastly, in Western Oregon, I confirm that seismic refraction can determine the size (e.g. depth) and failure style of landslides in western Oregon—data needed to incorporate these poorly studied landslides into future landscape evolution or hazard models. This dissertation includes both previously published and unpublished co-authored material.

O presente trabalho analisou os problemas referentes aos processos de inundação e deslizamento de solo no município de Igrejinha. O entendimento destes eventos ocorridos no município viabilizou uma análise da região, propiciando a criação de diretrizes de ocupação urbana mais consistentes. Para que fosse possível alcançar esses objetivos, o trabalho fundamentou-se em pesquisas bibliográficas sobre geologia, geomorfologia e dados de Igrejinha e do Vale do Paranhana. Também foi realizada uma análise da ocorrência dos eventos de deslizamentos acontecidos no local, tornando possível o entendimento de seus condicionantes. A partir desses dados, foram elaborados mapas que mostram a situação do município em estudo no que tange à ocupação, inundação e deslizamentos de massa. A ferramenta que propiciou a construção dessas cartas foi o geoprocessamento, através do programa IDRISI, através do qual foram vetorizadas as cartas topográficas obtidas de um aerolevantamento de 1989. Utilizando essas bases foi possível indicar as áreas com suscetibilidade a deslizamento e inundação e, assim, indicar requisitos para a atividade na área urbana, chegando-se inclusive a indicar as áreas de restrição de crescimento da área urbana, as quais apresentam problemas significativos com relação a deslizamentos. / The present study examined the problems related to processes of flood and landslides in Igrejinha municipality. The knowledge of these events in the municipality allowed a better analysis of the region, resulting in more consistent urban guidelines for land occupation. To achieve these goals, the work was based on bibliographic research of geology, geomorphology and general data of Igrejinha municipality and Paranhana river valley. An analysis of the occurrence of landslide events which happened in the area was also carried out, making it possible the understanding of their conditioning factors. From these data were prepared maps that show the situation of the municipality under study regarding occupation, flooding and landslide movements. The tool that allowed the construction of these letters was the geoprocessing through the IDRISI program, by which were vectorized the topographic maps obtained from an aerial survey made in 1989. Using these informations was possible to indicate areas with susceptibility to landslide and flooding and thus infer requirements for activity in the urban area and there are some restrictions of growth in certain urban regions that present significant problems with respect to sliding.

O mapeamento de áreas com predisposição à ocorrência de eventos adversos, que resultam em ameaça e danos a sociedade, é uma demanda de elevada importância, principalmente pelo papel que exerce em ações de planejamento, gestão ambiental, territorial e de riscos. Diante disso, este trabalho busca contribuir na qualificação de metodologias e parâmetros morfométricos para mapeamento de suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa através de SIG e Sensoriamento Remoto, um dos objetivos é aplicar e comparar metodologias de suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa, entre elas o Shalstab, e a Árvore de Decisão que ainda é pouco utilizada nessa área. Buscando um consenso acerca da literatura, fez-se necessário organizar as informações referentes aos eventos adversos através de classificação, para isso foram revisados os conceitos relacionados com desastres, tais como suscetibilidade, vulnerabilidade, perigo e risco. Também foi realizado um estudo no município de Três Coroas – RS, onde foram relacionadas as ocorrências de movimentos de massa e as zonas de risco da CPRM. A partir de parâmetros morfométricos, foram identificados padrões de ocorrência de deslizamentos, e a contribuição de fatores como uso, ocupação e declividade. Por fim, foram comparados dois métodos de mapeamento de suscetibilidade, o modelo Shalstab e a Árvore de Decisão. Como dado de entrada dos modelos foram utilizados parâmetros morfométricos, extraídos de imagens SRTM, e amostras de deslizamentos, identificadas por meio de imagens de satélite de alta resolução espacial. A comparação das metodologias e a análise da acurácia obteve uma resposta melhor para a Árvore de Decisão. A diferença, entretanto, foi pouco significativa e ambos podem representar de forma satisfatória o mapa de suscetibilidade. No entanto, o Shalstab apresentou mais limitações, devido à necessidade de dados de maior resolução espacial. A aplicação de metodologias utilizando SIG e Sensoriamento Remoto contribuíram com uma maior qualificação em relação à prevenção de danos ocasionados por movimentos de massa. Ressalta-se, entretanto, a necessidade de inventários consistentes, para obter uma maior confiabilidade na aplicação dos modelos. / The mapping of areas with predisposition to adverse events, which result in threat and damage to society, is a demand of great importance, mainly for the role it plays in planning, environmental, territorial and risk management actions. Therefore, this work seeks to contribute to the qualification of methodologies and morphometric parameters for mapping susceptibility to mass movements through GIS and Remote Sensing, one of the objectives is to apply and compare methodologies of susceptibility to mass movements, among them Shalstab, and the Decision Tree that is still little used in this area. Seeking a consensus about the literature, it was necessary to organize the information regarding the adverse events through classification, for this the concepts related to disasters such as susceptibility, vulnerability, danger and risk were reviewed. A study was also carried out in the city of Três Coroas - RS, where the occurrence of mass movements and the risk zones of CPRM were related. From morphometric parameters, patterns of occurrence of landslides were identified, and the contribution of factors such as use, occupation and declivity. Finally, two methods of susceptibility mapping, the Shalstab model and the Decision Tree, were compared. Morphometric parameters, extracted from SRTM images, and sliding samples, identified by means of high spatial resolution satellite images, were used as input data. The comparison of the methodologies and the analysis of the accuracy obtained a better answer for the Decision Tree. The difference, however, was insignificant and both can represent satisfactorily the map of susceptibility. However, Shalstab presented more limitations due to the need for higher spatial resolution data. The application of methodologies using GIS and Remote Sensing contributed with a higher qualification in relation to the prevention of damages caused by mass movements. However, the need for consistent inventories to obtain greater reliability in the application of the models is emphasized.

O presente trabalho analisou os problemas referentes aos processos de inundação e deslizamento de solo no município de Igrejinha. O entendimento destes eventos ocorridos no município viabilizou uma análise da região, propiciando a criação de diretrizes de ocupação urbana mais consistentes. Para que fosse possível alcançar esses objetivos, o trabalho fundamentou-se em pesquisas bibliográficas sobre geologia, geomorfologia e dados de Igrejinha e do Vale do Paranhana. Também foi realizada uma análise da ocorrência dos eventos de deslizamentos acontecidos no local, tornando possível o entendimento de seus condicionantes. A partir desses dados, foram elaborados mapas que mostram a situação do município em estudo no que tange à ocupação, inundação e deslizamentos de massa. A ferramenta que propiciou a construção dessas cartas foi o geoprocessamento, através do programa IDRISI, através do qual foram vetorizadas as cartas topográficas obtidas de um aerolevantamento de 1989. Utilizando essas bases foi possível indicar as áreas com suscetibilidade a deslizamento e inundação e, assim, indicar requisitos para a atividade na área urbana, chegando-se inclusive a indicar as áreas de restrição de crescimento da área urbana, as quais apresentam problemas significativos com relação a deslizamentos. / The present study examined the problems related to processes of flood and landslides in Igrejinha municipality. The knowledge of these events in the municipality allowed a better analysis of the region, resulting in more consistent urban guidelines for land occupation. To achieve these goals, the work was based on bibliographic research of geology, geomorphology and general data of Igrejinha municipality and Paranhana river valley. An analysis of the occurrence of landslide events which happened in the area was also carried out, making it possible the understanding of their conditioning factors. From these data were prepared maps that show the situation of the municipality under study regarding occupation, flooding and landslide movements. The tool that allowed the construction of these letters was the geoprocessing through the IDRISI program, by which were vectorized the topographic maps obtained from an aerial survey made in 1989. Using these informations was possible to indicate areas with susceptibility to landslide and flooding and thus infer requirements for activity in the urban area and there are some restrictions of growth in certain urban regions that present significant problems with respect to sliding.

O município de Paraty localiza-se entre os de Angra dos Reis e Ubatuba, palcos de numerosos episódios de escorregamentos. Tal como os municípios vizinhos é marcado pela presença da Serra do Mar, na qual os escorregamentos rasos de solo sob a forma de movimentos translacionais respondem pela maior parte da evolução do relevo. E, no entanto, não há ali referências de mortes associadas a estes acidentes, relativamente numerosas nos dois municípios vizinhos. A pesquisa teve por objetivo fazer uma carta da suscetibilidade a escorregamentos (SE) do município, auxiliando ao poder público local no planejamento do uso e ocupação futura do solo paratiense. Esta carta, com três classes de suscetibilidade (baixa, média e alta) foi fruto do cruzamento, em ambiente SIG, de cartas de uso e cobertura do solo (dados de imagem orbital de sensoriamento remoto e informação de campo), de litologias, de estruturas geológicas, de declividade e de forma das encostas. Foram testados três diferentes modelos digitais de elevação para a elaboração doa mapas de declividade e forma de encostas: SRTM e ASTER re-amostrados para 30 m de resolução espacial e ASTER, 15 m de resolução espacial, que foi o adotado pela distribuição mais confiável das áreas relativas às diferentes classes de suscetibilidade. Na ausência de dados de pluviosidade confiáveis e adequados à pesquisa foram considerados, para um exercício de demonstração da importância do parâmetro, dados fornecidos pela Defesa Civil de Paraty, complementados por dados de áreas circundantes (DAEE-SP e Plano de Manejo do Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina) e do Mapa de Isoietas da CPRM. Em trabalhos de campo por terra, mar e ar foi observado o uso e cobertura do solo e localizadas cicatrizes de escorregamentos. Considerando existirem imagens orbitais desde antes do fim do isolamento de Paraty, em 1975, obteve-se a evolução das áreas florestadas do município interpretando imagens orbitais dos anos de 1973, 1986, 1993, 2000, 2007 e 2008. As cartas assim geradas foram cruzadas com os demais parâmetros dados pelos condicionantes naturais dos terrenos, evidentemente estáveis no período, permitindo obter cartas de SE ao longo de 35 anos e sua evolução no período. A análise desta evolução é preocupante, pois mostra que a ocupação humana nas áreas de alta suscetibilidade aumentou 4,8% ao ano. Os resultados classificam 34% da área do município como de baixa suscetibilidade, 53% como de média e 13% como de alta. Observese que entre 1973 e 2008, 23% das florestas foram perdidas, com uma perda anual média de 0,6%, mais acentuada no período de abertura da BR-101 (o que é inevitável) e a partir do ano 2000 (o que é preocupante). Conclui-se que a população habita, sobretudo, as áreas de baixa suscetibilidade a escorregamentos enquanto que nas áreas de média e alta suscetibilidades, sem cobertura florestal, predominam pastos. Embora as perspectivas preocupem, este estudo alerta para um risco futuro, ainda em tempo de ser minimizado e/ou evitado. Considerando a expansão urbana e rural como inevitável, um Plano Diretor que considere a suscetibilidade a movimentos de massa é imprescindível. / The city of Paraty is located between the Angra dos Reis and Ubatuba municipalities, stages of a numerous episodes of landslides. As the neighboring cities is marked by the presence of the Serra do Mar, where the shallow landslides in the form of translational movements account for most of the evolution of relief. And yet, there is no reference to deaths associated with these accidents, relatively numerous in the two neighboring cities. The research aimed to make a to landslides susceptibility map (SE) of Paraty municipality, helping the local government in planning the future soil use and occupation. This map, with three classes of susceptibility (low, medium and high) was the result of crossing, in a GIS environment, of the use and land cover (image data of orbital remote sensing and field information), lithologies, geological structures and slope and curvature maps. We tested three different digital elevation models for the development gives maps of slope and curvature: SRTM and ASTER resampled to 30 m spatial resolution and ASTER 15 m spatial resolution, which was adopted by the distribution of more reliable areas relating to different classes of susceptibility. In the absence of reliable rainfall and suitable for research, was considered, for an exercise to demonstrate the importance of the parameter, data from the Civil Defense of Paraty, supplemented by data from surrounding areas (DAEE-SP and Management Plan of the National Park of Bocaina) and the map of isohyets from Bazilian Geological Service (CPRM). In the field, by land, sea and air was observed the use and land cover and localized slip scars. Whereas there are orbital images from the end of the isolation of Paraty, in 1975, resulted in the development of forested areas in the municipality interpreting orbital images of the years 1973, 1986, 1993, 2000, 2007 and 2008. The maps thus generated were crossed with the other parameters given by the natural conditions of land, evidently stable in the period, enabling them to get maps of SE over 35 years and their evolution over time. The analysis of this trend is worrisome because it shows that human occupation in areas of high susceptibility increased 4.8% per year. The results classify 34% of the municipal area as low susceptibility, 53% as medium and 13% as high. Note that between 1973 and 2008 23% of forests were lost, with an average annual loss of 0.6%, more pronounced during the opening of the BR-101(which is inevitable) and from 2000 (which is worrying). It follows that the population lives, especially the areas of low susceptibility to landslides while the areas of medium and high sensitivities without forest cover dominated pastures. Although the prospects worry, this study shows a future risk, just in time to be minimized and / or avoided. Considering the rural and urban sprawl as inevitable, a Master Plan to consider the susceptibility to mass movements is essential.

O presente trabalho analisou os problemas referentes aos processos de inundação e deslizamento de solo no município de Igrejinha. O entendimento destes eventos ocorridos no município viabilizou uma análise da região, propiciando a criação de diretrizes de ocupação urbana mais consistentes. Para que fosse possível alcançar esses objetivos, o trabalho fundamentou-se em pesquisas bibliográficas sobre geologia, geomorfologia e dados de Igrejinha e do Vale do Paranhana. Também foi realizada uma análise da ocorrência dos eventos de deslizamentos acontecidos no local, tornando possível o entendimento de seus condicionantes. A partir desses dados, foram elaborados mapas que mostram a situação do município em estudo no que tange à ocupação, inundação e deslizamentos de massa. A ferramenta que propiciou a construção dessas cartas foi o geoprocessamento, através do programa IDRISI, através do qual foram vetorizadas as cartas topográficas obtidas de um aerolevantamento de 1989. Utilizando essas bases foi possível indicar as áreas com suscetibilidade a deslizamento e inundação e, assim, indicar requisitos para a atividade na área urbana, chegando-se inclusive a indicar as áreas de restrição de crescimento da área urbana, as quais apresentam problemas significativos com relação a deslizamentos. / The present study examined the problems related to processes of flood and landslides in Igrejinha municipality. The knowledge of these events in the municipality allowed a better analysis of the region, resulting in more consistent urban guidelines for land occupation. To achieve these goals, the work was based on bibliographic research of geology, geomorphology and general data of Igrejinha municipality and Paranhana river valley. An analysis of the occurrence of landslide events which happened in the area was also carried out, making it possible the understanding of their conditioning factors. From these data were prepared maps that show the situation of the municipality under study regarding occupation, flooding and landslide movements. The tool that allowed the construction of these letters was the geoprocessing through the IDRISI program, by which were vectorized the topographic maps obtained from an aerial survey made in 1989. Using these informations was possible to indicate areas with susceptibility to landslide and flooding and thus infer requirements for activity in the urban area and there are some restrictions of growth in certain urban regions that present significant problems with respect to sliding.