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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Application of Langmuir theory of evaporation to the simulation of sample vapor composition and release rate in graphite tube atomizers. Part 1. The model and calculation algorithm

Katskov, DA, Darangwa, N 22 June 2010 (has links)
A method is suggested for simulation of transient sample vapor composition and release rate during vaporization of analytes in electrothermal (ET) atomizers for AAS. The approach is based on the Langmuir theory of evaporation of metals in the presence of a gas at atmospheric pressure, which advocates formation of mass equilibrium in the boundary layer next to the evaporation surface. It is suggested in this work that in ET atomizers the release of atoms and molecules from the boundary layer next to the dry residue of the analyte is accompanied by spreading of the layer around the sample droplets or crystals. Thus, eventually, the vapor source forms an effective area associated with a monolayer of the analyte. In particular, for the case of a metal oxide analyte as discussed in the work, the boundary layer contains the species present in thermodynamic equilibrium with oxide, which are metal atoms and dimers, oxide molecules and oxygen. Because of an excess of Ar, the probability of mass and energy exchange between the evolved gaseous species is low, this substantiates independent mass transport of each type of species from the boundary layer and through absorption volume. Diffusion, capture by Ar flow and gas thermal expansion is considered to control vapor transport and release rate. Each specific flow is affected by secondary processes occurring in collisions of the evolved molecules and atoms with the walls of graphite tube. Diffusion of oxygen containing species out of the boundary layer is facilitated by annihilation of oxygen and reduction of oxide on the graphite surface, while interaction of metal vapor with graphite slows down transport of atomic vapor out of the atomizer. These assumptions are used as the basis for the presentation of the problem as a system of first order differential equations describing mass and temperature balance in the atomizer. Numerical solution of the system of equations provides the simulation of temporal composition of the sample constituents in condensed and gas phase in the atomizer according to chemical properties of the analyte and experimental conditions. The suggested approach avoids the description of atomization processes via kinetic parameters such as activation energy, frequency factor, surface coverage or reaction order.
2

Biossorção de chumbo e mercúrio pelas linhagens selvagem e recombinante de C. metallidurans em meio aquoso / Biosorption of lead and mercury by strains C. metallidurans (CH34) and C. metallidurans (CH34 / pCM3) in aqueous

CONICELLI, BIANCA P. 27 October 2017 (has links)
Submitted by Marco Antonio Oliveira da Silva (maosilva@ipen.br) on 2017-10-27T12:25:12Z No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-27T12:25:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Nas ultimas décadas o processo de biossorção tem alcançado grande relevância no tratamento de efluentes contendo metais potencialmente tóxicos. O uso de bactérias nesse processo tem obtido destaque, uma vez que possuem inúmeras vantagens. O presente estudo pretendeu avaliar o mecanismo envolvido no processo de biossorção dos íons Pb(II) e Hg(II) por meio das linhagens Cupriavidus metallidurans (CH34) e Cupriavidus metallidurans (CH34/pCM3). Dentre os modelos estudados a isoterma de Langmuir foi a que melhor se ajusta ao processo de adsorção, apresentando uma capacidade máxima de adsorção (qmax) de 0,98 mg.g-1 para o Hg(II) e 86,2 mg.g-1 para o Pb(II), para a linhagem selvagem. Já para a linhagem recombinante o qmax obtido foi 3,4 mg.g-1 para o mercúrio e 172,4mg g-1 para o chumbo. Baseado nos valores referentes à energia livre de Gibbs (ΔG) o processo de retenção ocorreu de forma química e espontânea. A influencia do pH foi avaliada por meio de estudo competitivo entre os íons metálicos, em níveis equimolares. O valor que melhor contemplou a adsorção para ambos os íons foi o pH 7,0, tendo o Pb(II) demonstrado maior capacidade de retenção. Em pH 2,0 houve maior retenção do Hg (II), já em pH 10,0 o Pb(II) obteve maior retenção. Indicando que o meio influencia diretamente na competição dos íons metálicos pelos sítios ativos. Constatou-se que a retenção do metal é robusta e estável ao longo de 6 meses. Os resultados indicam que a Cupriavidus metallidurans (CH34/pCM3) pode ser uma boa opção para biossorção de íons metálicos por meio de biorreator. / Dissertação (Mestrado em Tecnologia Nuclear) / IPEN/D / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP

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