Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2008.

Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil.)--University of South Africa, 2003. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 1, 2006). Includes bibliographical references (p. 330-346).

The fall of the Eastern Block, the dissolution of former Yugoslavia and the subsequent enlargement of the European Union to include former socialist countries contributed to an increase in the movement of people from Eastern to Western Europe which began about a decade earlier. Among them, the Roma are probably the most clearly recognizable group and surely the ones that received, and keep receiving, more media attention. While their presence in the media as subjects of discussion is a topic worth analyzing, the present work is about their presence in a particular medium, the Internet, as actors and producers of content. As a population of Indian origin spread across Europe over the past five centuries, Roma have often been regarded as a diaspora. Ethnographic studies about diasporas and their usage of the Internet have often described diasporic websites as discoursive spaces in which new, hydrid identities are negotiated and stereotyping and marginalizing discourses about diasporic subjects are challenged. The role of languages in these websites, however, has often been neglected. On the other hand, sociolinguistic studies have highlighted how the Internet provides a space for vernacular language usage in which the relaxation of language norms and users’ creativity play a crucial role in overcoming the limitations in text transmission imposed by the medium. A partial bridge between these two trends of studies has been provided by the analysis of code-switching in diasporic websites, which has shown how meaningful language alternation is used to flag users’ hybrid identities. The study of the relationship between diasporic languages and identities on the Internet clearly appears to be in its infancy and only few case studies have looked at the interactions between each diaspora’s specific cultural and sociolinguistic settings and the usage of the Internet. Furthermore, many diasporas, including the Roma, speak unwritten languages which have not been or are just starting to be standardized. Processes of language standardization have always involved both identity and language policies and have often been pivotal in struggles for nationhood or minority rights recognition. While so far such processes tended to be mostly centralized and top-down, the Internet is offering a space for the spontaneous transition from orality to literacy. Thus, analyzing the interaction between diasporic, non-standardized languages and the identities of their speakers as manifested on the Internet can provide new insights into the relations between diasporic languages and identities and into language standardization processes. The present work investigates these issues by analyzing the on-line usage of Romani, the Indic language spoken by many Roma. The study draws on data collected through an online ethnography from Radio Romani Mahala, a website created and used by the recently dispersed community of the Mitrovica Roma. The data are analyzed both qualitatively, using discourse analytic methods, and quantitatively, using traditional sociolinguistic approaches. Combining such approaches allows drawing a nuanced picture of the phenomena under observation accounting both for micro level, individual patterns of usage and macro level trends shared by all users involved. Particular attention is also paid to the emerging Romani spelling and the role played by individual users in the establishment of shared writing norms. The interdisciplinarity of this approach will show how the interplay between diasporic identities and attitudes, non-standard language ideologies and the possibilities offered by the Internet is leading to effective language codification without the intervention of a central authority and outside the frame of any nation-state policy. Such findings call for a re-thinking of current notions on linguistic human rights. Based on the viability of the Romani model, I thus propose a theory of linguistic pluralism in trans-national contexts centred around the notion of cosmopolitan sociabilities, non-utilitarian, everyday interactions creating open and inclusive relations across and even despite perceived cultural divides.

This dissertation conducts a comprehensive examination of the study of Asian languages in two Australian states, taking into consideration the broad range of people and variables which impact on the language-in-education ecology. These findings are intended to enhance the development of language-in-education policy, planning and implementation in Australia. In order to incorporate a number of perspectives in the language-in-education ecology, interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholders, school administrators, LOTE (Languages Other Than English) coordinators and LOTE teachers, from all three education systems – government, independent and Catholic (31 individuals), across two states – Victoria and New South Wales. Questionnaires were also completed by 464 senior secondary students who were studying an Asian language. Along with the use of supporting data (for example, government reports and newspaper discourse analysis), the interview and questionnaire data was analysed thematically, as well as through the use of descriptive statistics.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Victoria University of Wellington, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references.

The author's Habilitationsschrift--Freie Universität Berlin. / Includes indexes. Includes bibliographical references (p. 292-313).

Thesis (MTESOL)--University of Melbourne, Melbourne Graduate School of Education, 2010. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 78-81)

Submitted by Fabiano Vassallo (fabianovassallo2127@gmail.com) on 2017-04-13T20:03:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Tatiana Pereira Carvalhal.pdf: 2301882 bytes, checksum: 6597ceb02c0ce9d00bc80e8bcf31aa8a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Josimara Dias Brumatti (bcgdigital@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-04-20T14:58:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Tatiana Pereira Carvalhal.pdf: 2301882 bytes, checksum: 6597ceb02c0ce9d00bc80e8bcf31aa8a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-20T14:58:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Tese_Tatiana Pereira Carvalhal.pdf: 2301882 bytes, checksum: 6597ceb02c0ce9d00bc80e8bcf31aa8a (MD5) / Esta investigação visa a avaliar a política e planejamento da linguagem de uma universidade federal brasileira pautada em um projeto de integração latino-americana de educação bilíngue em português e espanhol. Particularmente, foram avaliados os efeitos desse projeto sobre o perfil sociolinguístico e ideologias linguísticas dos estudantes. Situado no campo interdisciplinar de pesquisas de Política e Planejamento da Linguagem (PPL), e com foco no eixo avaliação, o presente estudo integrou análises de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa e propôs um enquadre analítico baseado em três dimensões, conjuntural, social e individual, de modo a construir uma compreensão ampla dos efeitos e dos fatores que os geraram. A partir desse procedimento analítico-metodológico, identificou-se que atuam, na política e planejamento da linguagem institucionais, além da proposta de educação bilíngue e do ensino obrigatório de espanhol e português, fatores como a localização na fronteira trinacional formada por Argentina, Brasil e Paraguai e a composição discente e docente da Universidade. A avaliação realizada mostrou que a (inter)ação desses fatores com diferentes orientações ideológicas de política da linguagem gerou múltiplos efeitos na comunidade estudantil, relacionados a processos de mudança e manutenção nos usos e conhecimento das línguas, bem como nas ideologias linguísticas. Quanto aos usos, avaliou-se que tais fatores contribuíram tanto para o contato, integração e usos bilíngues quanto para o conflito, exclusão e transferência de relações assimétricas da região para a universidade. Ademais, contribuíram também para um avanço desigual no aumento do conhecimento e usos do espanhol e do português nos ambientes familiar e educacional, bem como para a perda de outras línguas nesses ambientes, especialmente das originárias. Com relação aos efeitos nas ideologias linguísticas, foi avaliado que a política e planejamento da linguagem da instituição, ao se pautarem na educação bilíngue em espanhol e português e atribuírem a estas a função de línguas de ensino e de produção de conhecimento científico, promoveram o fortalecimento das duas línguas majoritárias, entretanto, no que tange a demais línguas, em especial as originárias, novamente favoreceram a redução do seu status. Por fim, discutiu-se a divergência entre a política e planejamento de integração, de identidade e da linguagem, e se concluiu que o alinhamento dessas diversas políticas e planejamentos seria um possível caminho para o avanço da instituição em direção aos seus objetivos / This investigation aims to evaluate the language policy and planning featured in a Brazilian federal university based on a Latin American integration project with bilingual education in Portuguese and Spanish. The effects on this project over the sociolinguistic profile of students and their linguistic ideologies were thoroughly analyzed. Lying in the interdisciplinary field of Language Policy and Planning (LPP), with a focus on evaluation, this study integrated quantitative and qualitative analyses, and proposed an analytical framework in three dimensions, conjunctural, social and individual, in order to build a wide comprehension of the effects and the factors from which they were generated. According to this analytical and methodological procedure, it was verified that, besides the bilingual education proposal and the compulsory teaching of Spanish and Portuguese, factors such as the location in the trinational region of Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay and how the student body and faculty are constituted also have an impact on the institutional language policy and planning. The evaluation revealed that the interaction of these factors, along with different ideological orientations of language policies, generated several effects amongst students, in processes of changing or maintaining the use and kwnoledge of languages, as well as the linguistic ideologies. As far as use is concerned, it was demonstrated that these factors contributed not only to the contact, integration and bilingual uses of languages, but also to conflicts, exclusion and the transfer of asymmetric relationships from the region to the university. Moreover, there was an uneven progress in the grown of knowledge and in the use of Spanish and Portuguese at the family and educational environments, along with the loss of other languages at these environments, mainly their native ones. Regarding the effects in the linguistic ideologies, it was verified that language policy and planning in the institution, by relying on bilingual education in Spanish and Portuguese, and their role as languages of instruction and production of scientific work, strengthened both major languages. Nevertheless, the other languages, particularly the native ones, were once again excluded or had their status diminished. Finally, a thorough discussion concerning the divergence between policies of integration, identity and language took place, and it was concluded that the alignment of these several policies and plans would enable the institution to move forward towards its objectives

This sociolinguistic study deals with the impact of English on language policy and planning in Sweden. The analysis is based on the principles of the language management theory. The first part is devoted to the discourse of relations between Swedish and other languages in the country, mostly dealing with Swedish as an endangered language due to the extensive use of English causing domain loss. The recently adopted language law is presented as a reaction to this development, giving an official status to Swedish as the main language of the country. According to this, it should be possible to use Swedish within all domains of language use. The problems of domain loss and the risk of diglossia are demonstrated on the example of the domains of higher education and science in the second part. The principles of the Language law are confronted with the need of increased use of English and the strategy of parallel language use suggested as a possible solution. A very valuable source of information for the analysis also are two interviews with the members of the Swedish language council, the institution responsible for implementation of the Language law as well as for observation of the general language situation. Keywords: Swedish, language policy and planning, language management, domain loss, parallel...

Indigenous language rights in Canada have been historically marginalized, with the residential school system being integral to their attempted erasure. These schools stripped indigenous children away from their homes to undergo forced assimilation grounded by colonial language policy which saw the indigenous peoples as impediments to their progress. The schools have since closed and the Canadian government has apologized for their role, deeming them as part of the nation's grim history. This paper explores how this shift in discourse occurred and what it says of Canadian language policy. Using critical discourse analysis, nexus analysis, and language management theories to analyze historical government data, the results find that initial shifts in discourse were superficial, while more contemporary discourse marked a unanimous shift away from past ideology. Colonial language policy was discontinued with this stark discursive change, yet despite vocal support for indigenous languages rights, the long lack of actual policy suggests that lingering colonial legacies of language values may be firmly rooted in Canadian society.