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This qualitative exploratory study aims to investigate the relationship between student self-efficacy and close reading strategies implemented in the researcher's classroom. The purpose of this qualitative study is to determine whether close reading strategies are informing 9th self-grader's efficacy in a 9th grade ELA (English Language Arts) classroom, and to determine the relationship between close reading and student self-efficacy in a classroom with CRM's (curriculum resource materials). Students' self-efficacy levels were determined on Robert Stavin's exploratory research; an altered exploratory survey was provided to determine results. This thesis explores the following research questions (RQ): (RQ1) How do students' responses of the text in the close reading process affect student self-efficacy? (RQ2) How, if at all, do the implementations of CRM stem-questions aid all learners in the understanding of texts in the classroom? The study concluded that participants' beliefs and how they correlate directly with their lived experiences inside and outside of the classroom and the researcher is also aware that the inconsistencies may also reflect the global pandemic, COVID-19. The qualitative study delegates this information throughout the following major parts: first, an in-depth literature review was conducted on close reading, self-efficacy, and any evidence correlating the two. Second, the researcher collected data from 9th grade ELA students virtually via Google Forms. Next, a descriptive analysis revealed the relationship between student self-efficacy and close reading. Lastly, the qualitative research study discusses the results and the implications for society, educators, policy makers, and research to be conducted in the future.

This study explores the relationship between student personality, student choice in novel selection in the high school language arts classroom, and student reading self-efficacy and enjoyment. Throughout a student's educational journey, from elementary school to high school, it is typical to see a decrease in student choice regarding the literature they read. In elementary grades, students learn about the parts of a book, are frequently read to with animated voices, and look forward to shelves of choice on library trips. Yet as students move into their middle and high school years, the excitement often dwindles. Choice is removed, for a myriad of reasons, and students begin to face reading with dread and associate their grades with their ability to read, comprehend, and enjoy literary texts. This study uses the qualitative ethnographic methodology of Shirley Brice Heath and Brian V. Street to explore the impact of using personality as a lens for culturally sustaining pedagogy as is defined by Django Paris and H. Samy Alim. The researcher posits that analysis of novel characters using the nine Enneagram personality types assists the educator in making more informed, differentiated literature selections which, by extension, aids students in more successful and enjoyable reading experiences which improve their reading self-efficacy and champion their diverse ways of being.

This research case study was conducted to determine how, if at all, the purposeful pairing of reading and writing activities helped students construct a writer's identity. As reading and writing are both skills separately taught, it is useful to explore the outcomes when pairing them together. This research study addresses how students can transact with texts, build upon their own ideas through a sociocultural lens, to create written products that will foster their identity as a writer. This case study relies on pattern matching to examine the extent to which students from an honors level junior English course perceived themselves as writers after the year-long course was completed. This study utilized a Google Forms survey along with an interview as a means of data collection in order to analyze whether or not students self-identified as a writer. This research is significant because it provides an account of eleventh grade students who were subjected to a hybrid year of learning due to COVID-19 and the outcomes of a classic American Literature curriculum that was modified to help them cultivate their own identity including one as a writer.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the Cognitive Process of Instruction (CPOI), a cognitive strategy approach to writing instruction. An important emphasis o f the CPOI approach was a strategy designed to help students build a conceptual framework for the main idea paragraph as a means of improving composing skill.;The sample included 121 fifth grade elementary school students. Intact classes were assigned to the treatment or comparison group. The nonequivalent comparison-group design was used, and data were examined using analysis of covariance. The dependent variable was composing skill as measured by holistic and domain scoring. One null hypothesis was tested to determine whether differences between the experimental and comparison groups were significant at the.05 level of confidence.;The data analysis found that students in the cognitive strategy treatment showed significant difference when compared to comparison group students who were exposed to a modified writing process approach. However, this difference was in a different direction than predicted. Students in the cognitive strategy treatment experienced a decrease in composing score while students in the comparison treatments improved in composing skill. Length of treatment time and cognitive overload were seen as the most plausible explanation.;Recommendations include additional research to determine effect of length of time of treatment on (1) length of composition, (2) number of paragraphs written, and (3) composing skill for low, average, and high achieving students.

Many research-based reading interventions exist, but little literature examines teaching secondary reading using entire novels as an intervention. This quasi-experimental study examined the relationship between whether entire novels were included in secondary intensive reading and students' English language arts skills. Data were collected through an online survey of eight reading teachers from one Florida school district. Data collected by the survey were teacher qualifications, inclusion of entire novels in reading curriculum, and implementation of research-based teaching strategies. Survey data, Florida Standards Assessment of English Language Arts (FSA ELA) student scores, student demographics and reading placement data were analyzed to answer six research questions regarding the use of entire novels in secondary reading classes. Students were enrolled in one of three leveled abilities reading classes (identified as a Reading Treatment). Data were analyzed using a series of Analysis of Variances (ANOVAs) with Kruskal-Wallis post hoc tests. Results indicated there were no statistically significant interactions between Reading Treatment, novels use, and student race or ethnicity, gender, and socioeconomic status. No interaction effect was found between Reading Treatment and teacher self-reported implementation of research-based teaching strategies for students taught with entire novels. A statistically significant difference in language arts skills was found for students in Reading Treatments 1 and 3. Among those students, those taught without entire novels had higher levels of language arts skills than students taught using entire novels. Another statistically significant difference was in Reading Treatments 3 students who had teachers without reading endorsements had higher language arts levels. This research was conducted to better inform educational leaders in best practices when determining secondary intensive reading curriculum.

The purpose of this qualitative critical discourse analysis study was to determine if there was a benefit to using a young adult adaptation of a canonical piece to increase student comprehension in the 9th grade English-Language Arts classroom. The use of young adult literature in the secondary classroom is a prevalent topic that continues to circulate amongst educators and researchers. This research study addresses how canonical literature is far removed from the current set of twenty-first century students and its disconnect in the classroom. This study sought to discover student thoughts and perceptions on a specific set of text pairings to answer the research question: How, if at all, does young adult literature better inform canonical literature in the 9th grade English-Language Arts classroom. This qualitative study uses critical discourse analysis methods to examine four students' written and verbal transactions through the use of a pre-survey, Google Forms "Quiz", a Zoom interview, and a post survey as a means for critical interpretation. Using critical discourse analysis the researcher identified themes that reflected the following results: students identified with the young adult text because they can relate to the character's struggles and current events, colloquial and neologisms were used to convey understanding, and participant's silences expressed confidence, even when their words did not. Student's through their own narratives have indicated that there is a benefit and need to use, a more culturally relevant young adult literature adaptation alongside a canonical piece to increase student understanding in the high school setting.

Because preservice teachers will be tasked with the responsibility of preparing their future students for effective communication and engagement in our global society, the experiences and practices related to digital writing that preservice teachers engage in before they begin their practice as full-time educators is critical to their professional development. This qualitative case study investigated two research questions, "How do teacher educators describe their technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge of digital writing?" and "How is teacher educators' knowledge of digital writing practices evident in their teaching?" This study took place at a large university in the Southeastern United States. Documents, interviews, and observational data were collected from two participants, Megan and Nancy. Both participants were educators in the elementary education preservice teacher programs at the university. The data from this study demonstrated that teacher educators had knowledge of digital writing tools, including how to integrate the use of digital writing tools into literacy instruction, help preservice teachers recognize the affordances and constraints of digital writing tools, and reflect on digital writing tools. The data sources also demonstrated common practices teacher educators integrated into preservice teacher instruction such as providing choice in the use of digital writing tools and modeling the use of digital writing tools for course assignments. The results of this study indicate the importance of integrating digital writing knowledge with practice in elementary preservice teacher programs. Additional implications for practice and suggestions for future research in digital writing is provided as a result of this study.