Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:37:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Oscar Manuel Miguelez.pdf: 1253100 bytes, checksum: 74a0648688d7979aa0d45b66239f1739 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-05-13 / This thesis addresses the issue of language in schizophrenia. First, schizophrenia is defined, as a nosographic category, derived from its predecessor dementia praecox , conceived by Bleuler as a psychopathological concept. This is followed by a discussion on some developments of this concept in the context of psychiatry. The thesis finally focuses on Freudian hypotheses about schizophrenia, which have emerged in a moment of rapprochement between psychoanalysis and psychiatry. An emphasis is given on the relationship between words and things in the metapsychological texts. The foundation of the Freudian word / thing relation, initially linked to Stuart Mill s theory of names, is examined, as are other ways of thinking this relation, as well as schizophrenia symptoms, by Lacan, Foucault, Agamben and contemporary French psychoanalysis authors. These and other issues were addressed by presenting three clinical cases: Wolfson, Mané and Edgar. These cases illustrate the diversity of language disorders in schizophrenia, ranging from deconstruction / reconstruction of the entire language (Wolfson) to the occasional presence of a few strange words, keys for the delusional construction (Mané and Edgar). Despite the differences, these cases share a similar rupture. The central hypothesis of this thesis is that such rupture, unlike what has previously been postulated by Freud, is not a break in the word / thing relation, but on the intersubjective function of language, the ability to use language as a way to bond to each other. This rupture is followed by the search for procedures and all sorts of attempts to recovering the lost connection. In this sense, the two times of psychosis, proposed by Freud, have proved fruitful / A tese aborda a questão da linguagem na esquizofrenia. Depois de caracterizar o conceito de esquizofrenia, categoria nosográfica derivada de sua antecessora demência precoce concebida por Bleuler como conceito da psicopatologia , e de situar alguns dos desenvolvimentos do conceito no âmbito da psiquiatria, a tese focaliza as hipóteses freudianas a respeito da esquizofrenia, surgidas num momento de aproximação da psicanálise com a psiquiatria, dando especial destaque à relação estabelecida entre as palavras e as coisas nos textos da metapsicologia. A tese examina também o fundamento da relação palavra/coisa freudiana, ligada inicialmente à teoria dos nomes de Stuart Mill, e procura em Lacan, Foucault, Agamben e autores da psicanálise francesa contemporánea outras formas de pensar a relação palavra/coisa e os sintomas da esquizofrenia. Essas e outras questões foram abordadas a partir de três casos, Wolfson, Mané e Edgar, nos quais as alterações de linguagem apresentam-se de formas muito diversificadas que vão desde a desconstrução/reconstituição da linguagem inteira (Wolfson) até a presença apenas de algumas palavras estranhas, chaves na construção delirante (Mané e Edgar). Apesar das diferenças estabelecidas, aparece sempre nesses casos uma ruptura, não da relação palavra/coisa, como pensara Freud, mas sim da função intersubjetiva da linguagem, da capacidade de fazer dela um modo de laço com o outro, sendo essa a hipótese central que orientou a pesquisa. Segue-se a essa ruptura a procura de procedimentos, tentativas, das mais variadas formas, de recuperar a ligação perdida. Assim, os dois tempos da psicose, propostos por Freud, revelaram-se fecundos

Mirror neurons are a specific kind of visuomotor neurons that are involved in action execution and also in action perception. The mirror mechanism is linked to a variety of complex psychological functions such as social-cognitive functions and language. People with schizophrenia have often difficulties both in mirror neuron system and in language skills. In the first part of our research we studied the connectivity of mirror neuron areas (such as IFG, STG, PMC, SMC and so on) by fMRI in resting state and the differences between a group of patients during first episode psychosis and a group of healthy controls. The second part of our research was dedicated to language: if there are specific activations in certain parts of the cortex (such as SMC, Broca's and Wernicke's areas) along with a specific meaning of the word stimuli and if these activations are disrupted in patients with schizophrenia. The first part of the research showed a significant difference in the mirror neuron system connectivity between these two groups. The patients had stronger connections between the thalamus (which mediates sensory information) and the cortical areas while the controls had the cortical areas more interconnected. The second part of our research, a language experiment, showed significant differences between the...