abstract / Linguistics / Master / Master of Philosophy

This study deals with the morphological structure of one of Libyan Arabic varieties called al-Jabal Dialect of Libyan Arabic (JDLA). The main concern of this study is the morphological component of JDLA though a general overview of the phonological system along with major phonological processes have been presented and accounted for. Such a presentation of the phonological processes is justified by the fact that phonology and morphology do interplay greatly in many points in the grammar. This dissertation is the first study of JDLA. The presentation of this dissertation is conducted in the following way. Chapter I is an introduction. Chapter II deals in brief with the phonological system of the dialect. This includes the consonants and vowels, syllable structure, stress rules and the major phonological processes of JDLA. Phonological processes include syncope, epenthesis, assimilation, metathesis, vowel length, vowel harmony, etc. Chapter III introduces the morphology of verbs where the derivation and inflection of triliteral and quadriliteral verbs are presented in detail. This includes the derivational and inflectional processes of sound, doubled, hollow and defective verbs ... etc. JDLA morphology is a root-based morphology where different morphological categories are produced through the interdigitation of roots and vowels which might be accompanied by affixes. Such a process is a very productive method in word creation as has been pointed out in the main body of this work. Chapter IV is devoted to the morphology of nouns. The derivation and inflection of verbal nouns, instance nouns, unit nouns, feminine nouns, instrumental nouns, locative nouns, etc. are elaborated upon. Chapter V concerns with the morphology of adjectives. The derivational and inflectional processes of verbal adjectives, positive adjectives, elative adjectives and adjectives of color and defect are introduced and accounted for. Chapter VI deals with pronouns where independent and suffixed personal pronouns along with other pronouns have been dealt with. Chapter VII concludes the study by presenting the salient features of JDLA as well as recommendations for future research.

This thesis examines one of the most intriguing and much studied phenomena in Semitic known as the broken plural formation. It has a twofold goal. It documents the diverse shapes of broken plurals in the Muscat dialect of Omani Arabic. Furthermore, it provides a formal analysis to the shapes and vocalism contained in these word forms within Optimality Theory framework (Prince and Smolensky 1993; McCarthy and Prince 1993a & 1993b). Following proposals by McCarthy (2000), this thesis assumes that the distinction between the singulars and broken plural shapes is better represented as 'affixed mora (p)' attached at a certain locus in broken plural forms. The analysis of the vocalism characterizing broken plural forms addresses two distinct types of fixed vocalism: phonological and specified. Fixed vocalism is demonstrated to result from an interaction between conflicting alignment and CrispEdge constraints (It6 and Mester 1999) together with *Place markedness constraints.

林文芳. / "2008年8月". / "2008 nian 8 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 155-167). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Lin Wenfang. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- 福清方言語音系統及變調的硏究現狀 --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- 硏究的材料和方法 --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- 硏究的目的和意義 --- p.4 / Chapter 第二章 --- 福清（海口）方言聲韻調系統 --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- 福清（海口）方言聲韻調 --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2 --- 福清（海口）方言聲韻調配合關係 --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- 福清（海口）方言同音字表 --- p.18 / Chapter 第三章 --- 福清（海口）方言兩字組連讀變調 --- p.50 / Chapter 3.1 --- 福清（海口）方言非疊式兩字組連讀變調 --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2 --- 福清（海口）方言重疊式兩字組連讀變調 --- p.78 / Chapter 3.3 --- 小結 --- p.91 / Chapter 第四章 --- 福清（海口）方言三字組連讀變調 --- p.91 / Chapter 4.1 --- 福清（海口）方言三字組的連讀調値 --- p.91 / Chapter 4.2 --- 福清（海口）方言三字組連讀變調中的語音制約因素 --- p.124 / Chapter 4.3 --- 福清（海口）方言三字組連讀變調中的語法制約因素 --- p.150 / Chapter 4.4 --- 小結 --- p.152 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結語 --- p.153 / Chapter 5.1 --- 總結 --- p.153 / Chapter 5.2 --- 硏究展望 --- p.153 / Chapter 5.3 --- 本硏究的局限 --- p.154 / 參考文獻 --- p.155 / 附錄福清融城鎭和海口鎭方言變調的差異

兒化是普通話以及眾多漢語方言中普遍存在的現象，兒化音變產生的一系列韻母叫做兒化韻。迄今為止，學界對於兒化韻的研究主要集中在普通話上，而且對其性質等問題仍存在分歧。兒化韻具有不同的語音形式，本文以捲舌元音兒化韻為研究對象，以北京、鄭州、青島、平遙四個方言點為例，運用田野調查、實驗語音學和方言比較的方法，描寫各個點的音系並分析其兒化韻的聲學特徵。文章論證了漢語中存在兩種類型的捲舌兒化韻：以單個捲舌元音構成的單純型及以捲舌元音為韻尾的複合型；二者在不同的方言中，又有不同的分布；在此基礎上，我們提出應設立漢語捲舌元音系統並考慮到單純型、複合型兒化韻的區別與對立。這不僅解決了對兒化韻性質認識上的分歧，而且豐富並完善了捲舌元音的類型，對於漢語兒化韻的發音學和音系學研究都具有實質性的價值。 / 全文共分七章。第一章是引言，對漢語兒化的研究情況作一簡單述評，敘述文章的研究目的及意義，介紹研究範圍及方法並說明語料來源和標音符號的使用。第二章至第六章是文章的主體部分，分別對北京、鄭州、青島、平遙的音系及兒化韻進行分析描寫，將所有單純型兒化韻綜合比較，說明它們之間的差異，並通過單純、複合型兒化韻在方言中的對立來確立捲舌元音在語音系統中的地位。第七章是結語，總結文章的主要內容和觀點，簡論文章的局限並展望今後的研究方向。 / Erisation (ér-huà) is a common phenomenon in Mandarin and numerous Chinese dialects. Thus far, scholars have not reached an agreement on the nature of erized finals. Erized finals have several phonetic forms and this paper aims to examine the nature of one of them, rhotacized finals. This paper approaches the issue from a new perspective through the case study of four dialects, which are Beijing, Zhengzhou, Qingdao, and Pingyao. We analyze the phonological system and the acoustic characteristics of their rhotacized finals, by combining methods of field survey, experimental phonetics and dialectal comparison. It is discovered that rhotacized finals in different dialects exactly have two major categories, the “simple type and the “complex type, which are crucially distinctive in some dialects like Pingyao. According to the above analysis, we conclude that the difference in phonetic realization of rhotacized articulation, which leads to the dichotomy of rhotic monophthongs and rhotic codas of diphthongs, is critical to our understanding of Chinese rhotacized finals. It is suggested that a complete set of rhotacized vowels should be built up in one phonological system, considering the contrast between the “simple type and the “complex type. According to the “simple type rhotacized finals in these four dialects, we can draw up a system of rhotacized vowels in Chinese. Therefore, the research perfects the type of rhotacized vowels and makes innovative contribution to the study of phonetics and phonology of Erisation in Chinese. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 紀軍娜. / "2012年11月". / "2012 nian 11 yue". / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 106-111). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract in Chinese and English. / Ji Junnuo. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一節 --- 漢語兒化韻研究概況 --- p.1 / Chapter 第二節 --- 本文研究目的及意義 --- p.6 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究範圍及方法 --- p.7 / Chapter 第四節 --- 語料來源及標音符號 --- p.11 / Chapter 第二章 --- 北京方言的兒化韻研究 --- p.12 / Chapter 第一節 --- 北京方言概況 --- p.12 / Chapter 第二節 --- 北京方言的聲韻調系統 --- p.13 / Chapter 第三節 --- 北京方言的兒化韻及其音值分析 --- p.15 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.29 / Chapter 第三章 --- 鄭州方言的兒化韻研究 --- p.30 / Chapter 第一節 --- 鄭州及其方言概況 --- p.30 / Chapter 第二節 --- 鄭州方言的聲韻調系統 --- p.31 / Chapter 第三節 --- 鄭州方言的兒化韻及其音值分析 --- p.37 / Chapter 第四節 --- 《鄭州話音檔》中兒化韻的聲學分析 --- p.49 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.53 / Chapter 第四章 --- 青島方言的兒化韻研究 --- p.54 / Chapter 第一節 --- 青島及其方言概況 --- p.54 / Chapter 第二節 --- 青島方言的聲韻調系統 --- p.54 / Chapter 第三節 --- 青島方言的兒化韻及其音值分析 --- p.56 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.75 / Chapter 第五章 --- 平遙方言的兒化韻研究 --- p.76 / Chapter 第一節 --- 平遙及其方言概況 --- p.76 / Chapter 第二節 --- 平遙方言的聲韻調系統 --- p.76 / Chapter 第三節 --- 平遙方言的兒化韻及其音值分析 --- p.79 / Chapter 第四節 --- 小結 --- p.92 / Chapter 第六章 --- 漢語方言捲舌元音的系統 --- p.92 / Chapter 第一節 --- 兒化韻的語音及音系分析 --- p.93 / Chapter 第二節 --- 兒化韻的重新定義 --- p.94 / Chapter 第三節 --- 捲舌元音的定位 --- p.95 / Chapter 第七章 --- 結語 --- p.98 / Chapter 附錄一： --- 發音人情況一覽表 --- p.102 / Chapter 附錄二： --- 兒化前後對比詞表 --- p.103 / Chapter 附錄三： --- 兒化韻分合表 --- p.104 / Chapter 附錄四： --- 常用字詞兒化韻詞表 --- p.105 / 主要參考文獻 --- p.106

This thesis is a study of the syntax of the ti construction in Tunxi Hui, an understudied Hui dialect in the Sinitic family of languages. The aims of this these are three-fold: (i) to provide a sketch of the syntax of Tunxi Hui, and (ii) to explore the polyfunctionality of the ti morpheme and the syntax of the ti construction in Tunxi Hui, and (iii) to examine the north-south division of passive markers particularly with respect to languages in Anhui Province, and the type of passive marker the Tunxi Hui ti belongs to, as well as some properties of the ti passive construction. This thesis explores the polyfunctionality of the ti morpheme in Tunxi Hui, as a lexical verb ‘give’ and as a coverb. When ti is a lexical verb, the construction it appears in is a double object construction (DOC), and the linear order of the two objects has to be the recipient NP before the Theme NP. When ti is a coverb, it is often found in a serial verb construction (SVC) or a pivotal construction. As far as an SVC is concerned, the coverb ti can serve as a recipient marker, a benefactive marker or a locative marker. Otherwise, if the coveb ti occurs in a pivotal construction where the two or more verbs in the sentence do not share the same structural subject, it can serve as a permissive marker, a causative marker or a passive marker. With respect to passive markers, we first give an overview of the types of passives markers in Sinitic languages. Aside from the bei passives, we also have the zhuo ‘attach’ passives, the causative passives and the ‘give’-passives. We propose a revision of Hashimoto’s (1988) north-south division of passive markers, i.e. the causative passives versus the ‘give’-passives, particularly with respect to languages of Anhui Province. We find that the passive marker ti in Tunxi Hui belongs to the give type of passives. The ti passive construction in Tunxi Hui is characterized by the obligatory occurrence of an agent phrase and the semantic implication of adversity. It is hoped that this study can contribute to the understanding of the syntax of the ti construction in Tunxi Hui, and can provide useful authentic data of an understudied language for further linguistic analyses. / published_or_final_version / Linguistics / Master / Master of Philosophy

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published_or_final_version / English Studies and Comparative Literature / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / English Studies and Comparative Literature / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Chinese / Master / Master of Philosophy