There is evidence that maltreated school-aged children have an elevated incidence of expressive language delay, which is often attributed to the cumulative effects of maltreatment. Younger children and toddlers do not consistently demonstrate this delay. There is some ambiguity whether language delays can be observed in toddlers since language is not well developed at this age. However, if gestural communication is also studied as part of language development, a broader sample of behavior becomes available. Intentional communication includes the use of words and gestures to express a child's intent or desire. Examining maltreated toddlers' intentional communication provides an opportunity to study how language develops under less than optimal conditions. This study examines communicative intents in maltreated and nonmaltreated toddlers (ages 22 to 31 months) and the caregiving interactions of their mothers. The sample is composed of thirty-nine mother-toddler dyads from a Mid-Western city. Maternal maltreatment was documented on thirteen lower class toddlers, who were matched on sex, age, race and SES. Ten middle class dyads composed another comparison group. The lower class toddlers were given the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) as part of a larger study. Videotapes of a play session between mother-toddler dyads were coded using The Parent/Caregiver Interaction Scale to rate maternal behaviors plus two child communication inventories to code Intentional Communication and Negotiation of Failed Messages. Competency scores were computed for all toddlers on Intentional Communication and Developmental Competence was compared on the lower class toddlers. Two scores compared maternal appropriateness to toddler reactivity and communication competence. Results showed that maltreatment was not related to child Intentional Communication, except that maltreated toddlers acknowledged their mothers' messages more frequently. Social class accounted for differences on most maternal and some toddler variables. Developmental Competence accounted for significant differences in lower class toddlers' Intentional Communication and Social Competence. Patterns of high maternal verbal interaction and control over child's activities were related to toddler's competence in Intentional Communication, suggesting that mothers who are more verbal and appropriate in their control have more competent toddlers.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed Jan. 27, 2010). Additional advisors: Joseph C. Burns, Linda K. Emfinger, Lynn D. Kirkland, Maryanne Manning. Includes bibliographical references (p. 122-135).

Orientador: Lourenço Chacon / Resumo: Propusemos investigar, na fala infantil, relações entre hesitações e as configurações de cinco dos constituintes prosódicos (Nespor; Vogel, 1986): enunciado fonológico, frase entonacional, frase fonológica, grupo clítico e palavra fonológica. A busca dessas relações foi orientada pelos objetivos: (i) verificar, nas ocorrências de hesitação, seu vínculo com constituintes prosódicos nos quais a informação fonológica se mostra relacionada a aspectos sintático-semânticos e a aspectos morfológicos e lexicais do enunciado; e (ii) observar, nos diferentes constituintes prosódicos, se as hesitações ocorrem, preferencialmente, nas posições fracas ou fortes que os compõem. Os dados foram extraídos de um banco composto por 147 situações de entrevistas (gravadas e transcritas) realizadas com crianças entre 5-6 anos de idade. Primeiramente, consideramos as ocorrências de hesitações que incidiram em dois grupos de constituintes prosódicos, de acordo com suas características estruturais: os mais altos (enunciado fonológico, frase entonacional, frase fonológica) – por apresentar interação com componentes sintático-semânticos; e os mais baixos (grupo clítico e palavra fonológica) – por apresentarem interação com componentes morfológicos e lexicais. Em seguida, consideramos as ocorrências de hesitações julgadas em posições fortes ou fracas dos cinco constituintes prosódicos selecionados. Foram detectadas, pelos juízes, 2.399 ocorrências hesitativas. Dessas ocorrências, verificamos que as hesit... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: We proposed to investigate, in children's speech, relationships between hesitations and the configurations of five of the prosodic constituents (Nespor; Vogel, 1986): phonological utterance, intonational phrase, phonological phrase, clitic group and phonological word. The search for these relationships was guided by the objectives: (i) to verify, in the occurrences of hesitation, its link with prosodic constituents in which the phonological information is related to syntactic-semantic aspects and to the morphological and lexical aspects of the utterance; and (ii) observe, in the different prosodic constituents, if hesitations occur, preferably, in the weak or strong positions that compose them. The data were extracted from a database composed of 147 interview situations (recorded and transcribed) conducted with children between 5-6 years of age. Firstly, we consider the occurrences of hesitations that showed two groups of prosodic constituents, according to their structural characteristics: the highest (phonological utterance, intonational phrase, phonological phrase) - for presenting interaction with syntactic-semantic components; and the lowest (clitic group and phonological word) - for presenting interaction with morphological and lexical components. Then, we consider the occurrences of hesitations judged on strong or weak positions of the five selected prosodic constituents. 2.399 hesitant occurrences were detected by the judges. From these occurrences, we can see that th... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2009. / Title from PDF title page (viewed Jan. 26, 2010). Additional advisors: Martha Barber, Lynn Kirkland, Maryanne Manning, Deborah Strevy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 129-142).

Submitted by SBI Biblioteca Digital (sbi.bibliotecadigital@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2017-10-09T11:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 ELEN GARCIA MUDO LIEDKE.pdf: 2825588 bytes, checksum: 37aa44bfddb414da965f1dcfb3f35b1c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-09T11:42:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ELEN GARCIA MUDO LIEDKE.pdf: 2825588 bytes, checksum: 37aa44bfddb414da965f1dcfb3f35b1c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-09 / This research investigates teaching practices related to written language in Early Childhood Education. It is our aim to understand how the teacher organizes his practices aiming to favor the appropriation of written language by the children. The following question was formulated: What teaching practices performed with five-year-old children in classes of Early Childhood Education favor the learning or written language? During our professional trajectory, we have perceived the need to discuss this subject, since research on this topic is concentrated from the 1st Year of Elementary Education. The general objective of this research is to investigate and understand what are the practices of two teachers of the Early Childhood Education early childhood teachers that favor the acquisition of written language. The research was carried out in two educational institutions, one public and the other private, in the city of Hortol?ndia, state of S?o Paulo. It is a qualitative study in which systematic observations and semi-structured interviews with teachers of Early Childhood Education were observed for empirical data collection techniques. Based on the empirical material analyzed, we have concluded that the language practices carried out by the teachers, as well as their mediation, stimulate the students? language acquisition process. / Esta pesquisa investiga pr?ticas docentes relativas ? aquisi??o da linguagem escrita na Educa??o Infantil. Buscamos compreender como o professor organiza suas pr?ticas visando favorecer a apropria??o da linguagem escrita pelas crian?as. Formulamos o seguinte problema: Quais pr?ticas docentes realizadas com crian?as de cinco anos em classes de Educa??o Infantil podem favorecer o aprendizado da linguagem escrita? Durante nossa trajet?ria profissional, percebemos a necessidade que existe de discutir sobre esse assunto, pois as pesquisas sobre esse tema se concentram a partir do 1.? Ano do Ensino Fundamental. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa ? investigar e compreender quais s?o as pr?ticas de duas professoras de Educa??o Infantil que visam ao favorecimento da linguagem escrita. A pesquisa foi realizada em duas institui??es de ensino, sendo uma municipal e outra particular na cidade de Hortol?ndia. ? um estudo de car?ter qualitativo no qual foi utilizada como t?cnica de constru??o do material emp?rico a observa??o sistem?tica das pr?ticas das docentes. A an?lise dos dados foi realizada com base na teoria hist?rico-cultural de desenvolvimento humano. Com base no material emp?rico analisado, conclu?mos que as pr?ticas de linguagem realizadas pelas professoras, bem como a media??o delas, estimulam o processo de aquisi??o da linguagem dos alunos.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2016-07-21T11:55:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3180013 bytes, checksum: af9b75ccb5db9313b0156f70cef6f81d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T11:55:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivo total.pdf: 3180013 bytes, checksum: af9b75ccb5db9313b0156f70cef6f81d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-11-09 / In this study, we investigated scenes of joint attention that occurs between teachers and children and among children themselves in the language acquisition process in a day care center from a public early childhood institution, with the following objectives: to analyze the structure and functioning of these social interactions; to identify skills these children have, considering the use of language and its multimodality; to discuss the importance of these scenes in fostering this acquisitional process. During our investigations, we chose to do a qualitative research, a case study type, of a longitudinal character. Video recordings and their transcripts constituted the corpus investigation. Filming occurred within a year, with weekly, biweekly and monthly intervals, respectively, and was directed to spontaneous and planned situations found in the institution‟s pedagogical routine, observing the structure and functioning of these mentioned scenes. Sixteen children between 09-30 months old, six teachers and the researcher were the subjects involved. We sought for elements in studies of joint attention, represented by Tomasello (1995; 1983; 2003; 2005; 2009) and Bruner (1974, 1983), and language, trying to establish a dialogue with the following authors in an interactionist perspective: Vygotsky (1991; 2005); Bakhtin (1988; 2003); Bruner (1983); and Tomasello (2003). The hypotheses to the questions that guided the research report that: in the day care center, scenes of joint attention between adults and children, and among children themselves, are structured and driven by adult language; in the these scenes, there is the child‟s perception of the other's intention in Tomasellians molds; children identify insights and statements of significance in the scenes mentioned; social interactions of joint attention are important for language acquisition and use by children. Our data confirm these hypotheses, however suggests reworking the first one. Therefore, children participation in these scenes seems to be driven also by the intense and constant use of this interaction format in the institution‟s pedagogical routine, making children to become experienced in them. Among the evidence of this study we included: another type of joint attention, the quadratic interaction; two complex cognitive skills in the children who participate in these mentioned scenes, the redirected and collective/collaborative attention; and evidence which characterize that these same children recognize the other's intentions through language in its multimodal use. We concluded that social interactions of joint attention between teachers and children are constitutive of language, in its multimodal use, and are relevant in the acquisition process of this phenomenon, which seems to be driven not only by the adult as an interactive partner, but by children themselves. We hope that this study will contribute to the debate in the sciences dealing with language in social interactions, and as part of early childhood institutions. / Dans cette étude, nous avons investigué des scènes d'attention conjointe que se produisent entre des professeurs et des enfants en procèss d'acquisition du langage, et, entre les propres enfants dans une garderie d'une intitution publique d'éducation des jeunes enfants, avec les objectifs de : analyser le structure et fonctionnement de ces intéractions sociales ; identifier des capacités qui les enfants présentent, concernant l‟utilisation de la langage et sa multimodalité ; discuter l‟importance de ces scènes à faciliter ce processus inquisicional. Dans les chemins d‟enquête, on a choisi une recherche de genre qualitatif, du type étude de cas et de caractère longitudinal. Des videos et leur transcriptions ont constituait le corp de cette recherche. Les tournages ont été faits pendant une année, avec des pauses hebdomadaires, bihebdomadaires et mensuels, et ont été dirigés à des situations spontanées et planifiées de la rotine pédagogique de l'institution enquêté, visant la structure et le fonctionnement des scènes mentionnées. Seize enfants âgés de 09-30 mois, six professeurs et la chercheuse ont été les sujets participants. Nous avons cherché des fondements en études sur l'attention conjointe, représentés par Tomasello (1995; 1983; 2003; 2005; 2009) et par Bruner (1974; 1983), et sur le langage, en cherchant à établir un dialogue dans une perspective interactionnelle, avec les auteurs suivants: Vygotsky (1991; 2005); Bakhtin (1988; 2003); Bruner (1983); et Tomasello (2003). Les hypothèses à questions, qui ont guidé l'enquête, disent que: des scènes d'attention conjointe entre des adultes et des petits, et entre les propres enfants, dans la garderie, sont structurés et fonctionnent entraînés par le langage du adulte. Dans cette scène, se produit la perception de l'intentionnalité de l'autre, par l'enfant, dans les moules tomaselliens. Il est possible l'identification des compréhensions et des significations indiquées, par les enfants, dans les scènes mentionnées; des interactions sociales d'attention conjointe sont importantes pour l'acquisition et l'utilisation du langage, pour ces enfants. Les données confirment ces hypothèses, par contre suggérent le remaniement de la primière. Ainsi donc, la participation des petits dans ces scènes semblent entraîné, également, par l'utilisation intensive et constante de ce format d'interaction dans la rotine pédagogique de l'institution enquêté, en devenant les enfants expérimentés dans cette participation. Deux importants évidences caractérisent le présent étude: l'indentification de l'autre type d'interaction d'attention conjointe, l'interaction quadratique, et de deux capacités cognitives complexes, par les enfants qui participent des scènes mentionées, l'Attention redirigé et l'Attention collective/collaborative ; et des preuves que caracterisent la reconnaissance de l‟intencionnalité de l‟autre, par rapport les mênes enfants, à travers du langage dans leur utilisation multimodale. Nous concluons que des intéractions sociales d'attention conjointe, entre des professeurs et des enfants, sont constitutives du langage et pertinentes dans le processus d'approvisionnement de ce phénomène, que semble être entraînée, non seulement par l‟adulte comme un partenaire interactif, mais par les enfants eux-mêmes. Nous éspèrons que cette étude peut contribuer au débat dans le cadre des sciences que traitant du langage dans les interactions sociales, et dans le cadre des institutions d'éducation des jeunes enfants. / Neste estudo investigamos cenas de atenção conjunta que ocorrem entre professoras e crianças em processo de aquisição da linguagem, e entre as próprias crianças, em uma creche de uma instituição pública de educação infantil, com os seguintes objetivos: analisar a estrutura e funcionamento destas interações sociais; identificar capacidades que apresentam essas crianças, considerando o uso da linguagem e sua multimodalidade; discutir a importância dessas cenas no favorecimento deste processo aquisicional. Nos caminhos investigativos, optamos por uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, do tipo estudo de caso e de caráter longitudinal. Vídeo gravações e suas respectivas transcrições se constituíram o corpus desta investigação. As filmagens foram realizadas no período de um ano, com intervalos semanais, quinzenais e mensais, respectivamente, e eram direcionadas para situações espontâneas e planejadas da rotina pedagógica da instituição investigada, com vistas na estrutura e funcionamento dessas mencionadas cenas. Dezesseis crianças na faixa etária de 09 a 30 meses de idade, seis professoras, e a pesquisadora, foram os sujeitos envolvidos. Buscamos fundamentos em estudos sobre atenção conjunta, representados por Tomasello (1995; 1983; 2003; 2005; 2009) e por Bruner (1974; 1983), e sobre a linguagem, procurando estabelecer um diálogo, numa perspectiva interacionista, com os seguintes autores: Vygotsky (1991; 2005); Bakhtin (1988; 2003); Bruner (1983); e Tomasello (2003). Às hipóteses aos questionamentos que nortearam a investigação, dizem que: cenas de atenção conjunta entre adultos e crianças, e entre as próprias crianças, no berçário, se estruturam e funcionam impulsionadas pela linguagem do adulto; nestas cenas, ocorre a percepção da intencionalidade do outro, pela criança, nos moldes tomasellianos; é possível a identificação de compreensões e significações de enunciados, pelas crianças, nas mencionadas cenas; interações sociais de atenção conjunta são importantes para a aquisição e uso da linguagem, por essas crianças. Nossos dados confirmam essas hipóteses, mas sugere a reelaboração da primeira. Assim sendo, a participação das crianças nessas cenas parece impulsionada, também, pelo uso intenso e constante deste formato de interação na rotina pedagógica da instituição investigada, tornando as crianças experientes nessa participação. Dentre as evidências deste estudo, destacamos: outro tipo de interação de atenção conjunta, a interação quadrática; duas complexas capacidades cognitivas, por crianças que participam dessas mencionadas cenas, a Atenção redirecionada e a Atenção coletiva/colaborativa; e indícios que caracterizam o reconhecimento da intencionalidade do outro, por essas mesmas crianças, através da linguagem em seu uso multimodal . Concluímos, dentre outros, que interações sociais de atenção conjunta, entre professoras e crianças, são constitutivas de linguagem e relevantes no processo de aquisição desse fenômeno, que parece impulsionado, não apenas pelo adulto, como parceiro interativo, mas pelas próprias crianças. Esperamos que esse estudo possa contribuir com o debate no âmbito das ciências que tratam da linguagem em interações sociais, e no âmbito das instituições de educação infantil.