Mon travail de thèse a porté sur la compréhension «systèmes dynamiques de la dynamique à grande échelle dans l’écoulement pleinement développé de cisaillement turbulent. Dans le plan écoulement de Couette, simulation des grandes échelles (LES) est utilisée pour modéliser petits mouvements d’échelle et de ne résoudre mouvements à grande échelle afin de calculer non linéaire ondes progressives (SNT) et orbites périodiques relatives (RPO). Artificiel sur-amortissement a été utilisé pour étancher une gamme croissante de petite échelle motions et prouvent que les motions grande échelle sont auto-entretenue. Les solutions d’onde inférieure branche itinérantes qui se trouvent sur le bassin laminaire turbulent limite sont obtenues pour ces simulation sur-amortie et continue encore dans l’espace de paramètre à des solutions de branche supérieure. Cette approche ne aurait pas été possible si, comme supposé dans certains enquêtes précédentes, les mouvements à grande échelle dans le mur bornées flux de cisaillement sont forcée par un mécanisme fondé sur l’existence de structures actives à plus petite échelle. En flux Poseuille, orbites périodiques relatives à décalage réflexion symétrie sur la limite du bassin laminaire turbulent sont calculés en utilisant DNS. Nous montrons que le RPO trouvé sont connectés à la paire de voyager vague (TW) solution via bifurcation mondiale (noeud-col-période infinie bifurcation). La branche inférieure de cette solution TW évoluer dans un état de l’envergure localisée lorsque le domaine de l’envergure est augmentée. La solution de branche supérieure développe plusieurs stries avec un espacement de l’envergure compatible avec des mouvements à grande échelle en régime turbulent. / My thesis work focused on ‘dynamical systems’ understanding of the large-scale dynamics in fully developed turbulent shear flow. In plane Couette flow, large-eddy simulation (L.E.S) is used to model small scale motions and to only resolve large-scale motions in order to compute nonlinear traveling waves (NTW) and relative periodic orbits (RPO). Artificial over-damping has been used to quench an increasing range of small-scale motions and prove that the motions in large-scale are self-sustained. The lower-branch traveling wave solutions that lie on laminar-turbulent basin boundary are obtained for these over-damped simulation and further continued in parameter space to upper branch solutions. This approach would not have been possible if, as conjectured in some previous investigations, large-scale motions in wall bounded shear flows are forced by mechanism based on the existence of active structures at smaller scales. In Poseuille flow, relative periodic orbits with shift-reflection symmetry on the laminar-turbulent basin boundary are computed using DNS. We show that the found RPO are connected to the pair of traveling wave (TW) solution via global bifurcation (saddle-node-infinite period bifurcation). The lower branch of this TW solution evolve into a spanwise localized state when the spanwise domain is increased. The upper branch solution develops multiple streaks with spanwise spacing consistent with large-scale motions in turbulent regime.

<p>We study the effect of minute perturbations by using blowing jets at upstream and bio-inspired micro denticles on turbulence large-scale motions which are observed to be crucial in controlling heat transfer, noise and drag reduction. This work is divided into two phases. In first phase, we studied the effect of blowing perturbations at upstream on large-scale motions and associated co?herent vortical structures which are crucial in enhancing heat transfer by promoting mixing. The second phase is focused on impact of flow dynamics in preventing the biofouling using micro bioinspired structures and the importance of flow regime in designing the antifouling coating us?ing bioinspired structures is demonstrated, and subsequently, separation bubble dynamics and its characterization is carried out for a transonic channel imposed with pressure gradient to further expand our thesis outcomes to utilize micro bioinspired structures in aerospace applications, noise reduction, and to delay separation.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Extensive studies were focused on the importance of large-scale motions (LSM) and their con?tribution to TKE and turbulence mixing. Although there are studies focusing on the λ2 coherent vortical structures and large-scale motions separately, there are no studies addressing the control?ling using upstream perturbations on the large-scale motions and their associated λ2 vortices. In the first phase of our studies, we used the DNS data of channel flow for Reτ = 394 generated using in-house code. In these simulations, we created blowing perturbations using spanwise jets of low blowing ratio, 0.2, placed at upstream. The spatial large-scale motions are extracted using a a novel 3D adaptive Gaussian filtering technique developed based on Lee and Sung [1] for turbulent pipe flows. POD is used to extract the energetic large-scale motions and coherent vortical structures are extracted using λ2-criterion for its efficiency in educing coherent structures in cross flow jets. The results show that the upstream perturbations enhance streamwise heat flux via energetic LSM and also create a secondary peak of scalar production in the log-layer showing that the perturbations alter LSMs to enhance the heat transfer. Filtered large-scale field from Gaussian filtering technique have an integral length scale greater than 2h (where h is channel half-height) are used to obtain λ2 vortices. The resulted λ2 vortices are of ring-type and have higher signature of temperature than their counterpart. The pre-multiplied spectra shows that the upstream perturbations can excite the large-scale wave-numbers which are in the same order as the jet diameter and spacing between them. Simulations show the presence of secondary peak in the log-layer and increased turbulence production which are eminent of large-scales. Furthermore, our results suggest that jet spacing and diameter are crucial in exciting large-scale field to control turbulent flows.</p> <p><br></p> <p>Evans, Hamed, Gorumlu, et al. [2] modeled the denticles present on Mako shark skin into a diverging micro-pillars. They conducted experimental studies in a water tunnel using these on the back of airfoil exposed to an adverse pressure gradient flow. They observed that presence of these pillars reduced the re-circulation bubble (form drag) by 50%. They proposed a blowing and suction type mechanism by which the micro pillars interact with the boundary layer. However, the details of underlying interfacial mechanism is not completely understood. The unique impact of flow conditions on anti-biofouling and the corresponding mechanisms for the first time is illustrated. We employed commercially available bioinspired structures as micro-diverging pillars making it feasible to apply in real life. We demonstrated the underlying mechanism by which bio?inspired structures are responsible for anti-biofouling. To study the pressure gradient effects on the separation under transonic conditions, we performed direct numerical simulations (DNS) in a non?equilibrium flow created by a sinsuoidal contraction and also, we quantified the separation length,</p> <p>detachment, and attachment points of separation bubble imposed with various pressure gradients and their variation in the transonic and subsonic regimes. We noticed that the resultant shear at the attachement led to the enhancement of coherent structures which are extended into the outer layer under transonic flow which is quite different than the subsonic flow.</p>

Les matériaux absorbants acoustiques, qui sont d’un intérêt stratégique en aéronautique pour la diminution passive du bruit des réacteurs d’avion, conduisent à une physique complexe où l’écoulement turbulent, des ondes acoustiques, et l’absorbant interagissent. Cette thèse porte sur la simulation de cette interaction dans le problème modèle d’un écoulement de canal turbulent avec des parois impédantes, par le biais de simulations numériques aux grandes échelles implicites, dans un contexte de calcul haute performance.Une étude est d’abord faite des grandes échelles dans un canal turbulent avec des parois rigides, en s’intéressant plus particulièrement à l’effet d’une faible compressibilité (Mach <3) sur les caractéristiques de ces échelles.Un canal turbulent avec une paroi de type impédance est ensuite simulé, avec une condition habituelle de périodicité dans le sens de l’écoulement. On observe que pour des faibles valeurs de la résistance et des fréquences de résonance basses, l’écoulement est instable, ce qui engendre une onde le long de l’absorbant, qui modifie la turbulence et augmente la trainée.Enfin, on se tourne vers une simulation de canal spatial en levant la condition de périodicité dans la direction de l’écoulement, ce qui permet d’introduire une onde acoustique en entrée de domaine. L’atténuation de l’onde dans l’écoulement turbulent est étudiée avec des parois rigides, puis un absorbant acoustique est introduit. Dans cette configuration plus réaliste, il est confirmé que l’écoulement peut devenir instable au bord amont de l’absorbant, ce qui empêche l’atténuation de l’onde acoustique incidente. / Acoustic liners are a key technology in aeronautics for the passive reduction of the noise generated by aircraft engines. They are employed in a complex flow scenario in which the acoustic waves, the turbulent flow, and the acoustic liner are interacting.During this thesis, in a context of high performance computing, a compressible Navier-Stokes solver has been developed to perform implicit large eddy simulations of a model problem of this interaction: a turbulent plane channel flow with one wall modeled as an impedance condition.As a preliminary step the wall-turbulence in rigid channel flows and associated large-scale motions are investigated. A straightforward algorithm to detect these flow features is developed and the effect of compressibility on the flow structures and their contribution to the drag are studied. Then, the interaction between the acoustic liner and turbulent flow is investigated assuming periodicity in the streamwise direction. It is shown that low resistance and low resonance frequency tend to trigger flow instability, which modifies the conventional wall-turbulence and also results in drag increase.Finally, the simulation of a spatial channel flow was addressed. In this case no periodicity is assumed and an acoustic wave can be injected at the inlet of the domain. The effect of turbulence on sound attenuation is studied without liner, before a liner is introduced on a part of the channel bottom wall. In this more realistic case, it is confirmed that low resistance acoustic liners trigger an instability at the leading edge of the liner, resulting in drag increase and excess noise generation.