This thesis presents the design and simulation of a digital frequency demodulator applied to a Michelson interferometer-based scanning laser vibrometer. The laser vibrometer is a velocity transducer that produces frequency-modulated signals that have traditionally been optically or electronically frequency shifted from baseband to an intermediate frequency. This shifting produces a narrow band modulation that may be demodulated with standard analog frequency demodulators. This thesis proposes replacing these traditional optics or electronic circuits with a digital frequency demodulator. The optics of a laser vibrometer can be constructed such that a near-perfect baseband quadrature representation is available for the frequency modulation. It will be seen that this representation is well suited for use by a digital frequency demodulator. This thesis applies the arctangent-type digital frequency demodulator to a laser vibrometer and demonstrates its superiority over other digital demodulation techniques. In addition some specialized signal processing to handle the special case of sine-dwell vibration tests is presented. / Master of Science

Advanced Laser Interferometric Gravitational Wave Detectors, based on current infrastructure (in particular, the Advanced LIGO detectors), are being planned to significantly increase the sensitivity to gravitational wave strain in the near future. To upgrade the existing detectors requests implementing very high optical power, as well as very high circulating power in the arm cavities; these measures will increase the sensitivity at the shot noise floor by one order of magnitude. However, such extremely high power circulation in the cavities will cause optical distortions in the test masses. Thermal distortions arise from the optical power absorption by defects or inhomogeneities in test masses, resulting in wavefront deformations, which have important consequences for the power buildup of the Radio-Frequency (RF) sidebands in the recycling cavities, thus degrading the performance of the detectors. The degree of this sensitivity degradation in the shot noise floor, due to optical distortions induced by defects or inhomogeneities (i.e. imperfections) in test masses in Advanced Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors, is dependent on the test mass optical quality; while the sensitivity degradation in the thermal noise floor is dependent on the test mass mechanical properties. For this reason, it is compulsory to use high optical and mechanical quality test mass materials in the advanced interferometer detectors. Fused silica has been used for test masses in detectors, while sapphire has been planned to be used for test mass substrates in the proposed Large-scale Cryogenic Gravitational-wave Telescope (LCGT) project. Other materials, such as calcium fluoride (CaF2), are also attractive, especially for cryogenic detectors. However, for the state-of-theAbstract II art facilities, it is difficult to manufacture very uniform, defect-free, inhomogeneity-free, high-quality, and large-size samples. Thus, the qualities of sapphire and calcium fluoride single crystal samples were investigated and evaluated, to ensure that they have suitable properties for use in interferometer detectors, i.e. with an adequately low level of imperfections, but also with high mechanical quality factor (Q-factor). This thesis describes research done in the endeavour to investigate bulk defects or inhomogeneities in test masses, as well as their induced thermal distortions, which appear at a high optical power in Laser Interferometric Gravitational-wave Detectors. An Automatic Rayleigh Scattering Mapping System (ARSMS) to examine the optical property of large-size test masses is described. This ARSMS enables quantitative high-resolution 3D mapping of defects or inhomogeneities in optical materials. The measured 3D defect distribution mapping of optical materials can assist in the design of suitable configurations of test masses in high optical power interferometers. In addition, a very sensitive Hartmann wavefront sensor was used to actively monitor the thermal distortions due to bulk and coating absorption in test masses. A very strong thermal distortion in these test masses was observed in the Gingin facility, demonstrating that thermal distortions could be a critical issue in advanced interferometer detectors. A negative thermo-optical coefficient material, to be used in a thermal distortion compensation method, was investigated for the compensation of very localised distortions due to imperfections. This thesis also includes experimental and theoretical studies of the scattering, absorption, and birefringence mechanisms, thermal distortion effects, and optimal compensation methods for test masses.

Thesis (M.E.-Res.)--University of Wollongong, 2008. / Typescript. Includes bibliographical references: p. 164-179.

Paper discusses the expected uncertainty of orbital parameters of binary stars as measured by the space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) and how the inclusion of spin in the model of the binary stars affects the uncertainty. The uncertainties are found by calculating the received gravitational wave from a binary pair and then performing a linear least-squares parameter estimation. The case of a 1500 solar mass black hole that is 20 years from coalescing with a 1000 solar mass black hole--both of which are 50 x 10^6 light years away--is analyzed, and the results show that the inclusion of spin has a negligible effect upon the angular resolution of LISA but can increase the accuracy in mass and distance measurements by factors of 15 and 65, respectively.

This diploma thesis deals with assessment of geometric accuracy of machining center MCV 754 QUICK. BlueSYSTEM digital inclinometers from WYLER AG, XL-80 laser interferometer from RENISHAW, Ballbar QC20-W from RENISHAW and LaserTRACER self-guiding laser interferometer from ETALON AG were used to measure accuracy. Error of the X straightness in the direction of the Z axis was assessed. The first part of the paper describes the geometric accuracy of the machine, currently available instruments for measuring geometric accuracy and an explanation of straightness. The second part consists of the design of measurements, experiment, evaluation and comparison of results and recommendations for teaching.

Paper discusses the expected uncertainty of orbital parameters of binary stars as measured by the space-based gravitational wave observatory LISA (Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) and how the inclusion of spin in the model of the binary stars affects the uncertainty. The uncertainties are found by calculating the received gravitational wave from a binary pair and then performing a linear least-squares parameter estimation. The case of a 1500 solar mass black hole that is 20 years from coalescing with a 1000 solar mass black hole--both of which are 50 x 10^6 light years away--is analyzed, and the results show that the inclusion of spin has a negligible effect upon the angular resolution of LISA but can increase the accuracy in mass and distance measurements by factors of 15 and 65, respectively.

L'expérience nommée femto-FT-CEAS a été mise en place durant ce travail. Elle<p>combine une source d'absorption laser femto-opo, une cavité optique haute finesse<p>et un interféromètre à transformée de Fourier. Ce montage instrumental a permis<p>d'enregistrer des spectres sur un domaine de 100 cm−1 avec un coefficient d'absorption<p>minimal détectable de 5 10−10cm−1 pour des paramètres de résolution spectrale de<p>2 10−2cm−1 et un temps d'enregistrement d'une heure. Le coefficient d'absorption<p>equivalent par moyenne quadratique par élément spectral correspondant est de 1.2<p>10−12cm−1 Hz−1/2. Un chemin optique équivalent de 13 km a été obtenu dans une<p>cellule de 77 cm de long. La gamme spectrale accessible est de 6000 − 6700 cm−1 et<p>7800 − 8300 cm−1.<p>Les spectres enregistrés à l'aide du montage femto-FT-CEAS ont permis d'attribuer<p>plus de 1000 transitions rovibrationelles d'échantillons de CO2 enrichis en 17O,<p>d'OCS, CS2, H12C13CD, et CH3CCH. Les bandes suivantes ont été enrégistrées :<p>pour 12C17O2, les bandes 30013e, 30012e, 30011e, 31113e, 31113f, 31112e, 31112f,<p>et 31111e; pour 17O12C18O, les bandes 30013e, 30012e, et 30011e; pour 16O12C32S,<p>les bandes 540, 0, 501, 0, 511, 1e, 511, 1f, 601, 0, 460, 0, 421, 0, 431, 1e, 431, 1f,<p>521, 0, 341, 0, 351, 1e, 351, 1f, 302, 0, 312, 1e, 312, 1f, 402, 0, 322, 2e, et 322, 2f;<p>pour 16O12C34S, les bandes 501, 0 et 302, 0; pour 16O13C32S, la bande 302, 0 ;pour<p>16O12C33S, la bande 302, 0; pour 12C32S2, les bandes 0403, 0114, 3003 et 2203; pour<p>32S12C34S, la bande 3003. Les conventions de notation vibrationelles utilisées ici sont<p>pour CO2, ν1 ν2 l ν3 n où les bandes vibrationelles perturbées par la résonance de<p>Fermi ν1 2ν2 sont ordonnées selon n par ordre décroissant d'énergie. Pour l'OCS,<p>les conventions de notation sont ν1 ν2 ν3, l et pour le CS2, ν1 νl2 ν3. Leur analyse<p>spectrale a été réalisée, aboutissant à de nouvelles constantes rovibrationelles ou des<p>constantes améliorées par rapport à celles de la littérature. Les raies rovibrationnelles<p>attribuées sont données. L'analyse des spectres de H12C13CD et de CH3CCH a étéréalisée par l'équipe du Pr. L. Fusina (Université de Bologne, Italie).<p>L'expérience a aussi été installée autour d'un jet supersonique, enregistrant les<p>structures rotationnelles des bandes vibrationelles ν5 + ν9 de C2H4, 3ν3 de N2O et<p>ν1 + ν3 de H12C13CH en abondance naturelle, toutes avec une température rotationelle<p>inférieure à 35 K.<p>Finalement, un programme de simulation de ligne de base a été écrit. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

In this study the description and development of intensity-based laser interferometric techniques for the detection and measurement of ultrasonic stress waves and their small displacement amplitudes is presented. The dynamic displacement sensitive interferometers described in the following chapters allow the quantitative point-by-point measurement of both in-plane and out-of-plane components of surface displacement motion. These uniquely developed interferometric sensors are: 1) an optical system design for the detection of the surface acoustic wave (Rayleigh wave). The technique is based on the Fourier analysis of coherent light and diffraction imaging properties of an illuminated grating; 2) the design and construction of a two-beam unequal-path laser interferometer for the measurement of out-of-plane surface displacement of ultrasonic waves; 3) extension of a flexible fiber optic probing device which is optically coupled to the test arm of the above two-beam interferometer. This permits scanning of the test surface which may be at some distance from the main optical system components; 4) the design and construction of a laser speckle interferometer for retro-reflective diffusing surfaces in which the in-plane displacements of the ultrasonic wave are interrogated. The inherent advantages of these newly designed optical configurations in terms of their greater simplicity, feasibility, and sensitivity over the conventional counterparts (classical/speckle laser interferometers) are explained. The function-response limitations of these interferometric sensors on lateral displacement resolution, on upper and lower-bound displacement sensitivity (dynamic range), on high-frequency bandwidth probing capability, on low-frequency environmentally associated noise disturbance, and on specularly reflective or diffusively retro-reflective specimen surface preparation are also mentioned. Finally, in a series of experimental observations, the application of a couple of these acoustic sensors in pulsed-excitation ultrasonic Specifically, the optically testing methods is cited. detected ultrasonic signals revealing the true nature of the various surface displacement modes of vibration are presented. / Ph. D.