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Maruxa Vilalta has employed a number of different styles in her dramatic works, ranging from realism and theatre of the Absurd to expressionism and metatheatre. In spite of this range of styles, the theme of alienation has been prevalent throughout her plays. This study examines five component aspects of alienation: lack of power, lack of meaning, lack of norms, isolation and self alienation. Chapter I explores self-alienation, while Chapters II and III deal with social alienation and metatheatre respectively. Plot, structure, language and scenic effects are examined for their role in the development of this theme. The study of the manifestation of alienation demonstrates Vilalta's overall contribution to the Mexican theatre.

Mario Benedetti is a well-known Uruguayan writer whose narrative has received international recognition and his poetry has led to the use of a colloquial style in Latin America, to depict a more accurate vision of the reality of the common man. A large group of important Latin American poets began to create poetry which uses the colloquial language with the intention of bringing together poetry, life and history. This thesis provides the background to Mario Benedetti, the man and the poet, together with a short survey of Uruguay's political and socio-economic situation. An analysis and comparison of two books, Poemas de la oficina and Viento del exilio is presented. They are representative of two periods in Benedetti's poetry: the 1950's while he lived in Uruguay, and early 1980's when he was in exile. The first book shows his colloquial style already defined, and the second gives evidence to the continuity of his writing style. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.)

En esta tesis se trata de mostrar como lo "femenino" existe en la obra de Manuel Puig como signo de debilidad, victima de los instrumentos ideologicos y sociales; en contraposicion con lo "masculino" que representa el poder y la explotacion. Los personajes femeninos en estas obras son seres marginados (en la carcel o en el hospital), sonadores de un amor ideal, de un ser superior que los libere. Este deseo se debe a que los protagonistas representan una cultura popular amantes de los personajes del cine de Hollywood desde los anos 20 hasta mediados de los 40. Debido a esto es que Manuel Puig plasma en su tecnica narrativa (dialogos, monologos, fluir de conciencia) lo popular, lo folletinesco; de tal forma que gana vigor, emocion porque en ello lleva implicito la revelacion de la realidad. Una realidad enajenada que discurre en el discurso de lo ajeno.

El objetivo de esta tesis es el estudio del teatro de Isidora Aguirre y de las heroinas en cuatro de sus obras: Rosaura, de La pergola de las flores; Romilia, de Los papeleros; Lorenza, de Los que van quedando en el camino y Maria, de quesQuien tiene la culpa de la muerte de la Maria Gonzalez? Este trabajo consta de cuatro capitulos. En el primero se habla de la evolucion del heroe clasico hasta llegar al heroe moderno. En el segundo, se habla del teatro de Isidora y de la influencia que ejercen en el Bertol Brecht, Lorca y Lope de Vega. En el tercero, se estudian las heroinas y su caracter popular. En el cinarto, conclusiones, se resumen las caracteristicas del teatro de denuncia de Isidora.

El motivo de esta tesis es el estudio de la vida de Sor Juana y del poema mas destacado de su produccion literaria, al que ella se refiere como Sueno, pero que es conocido actualmente como El primer sueno o Primero sueno. Este trabajo consta principalmente de tres partes. En el primer capitulo se presentan datos destacados en la vida de Sor Juana y de su era. Se estudian los enigmas mas intrigantes de su vida, comentando la importancia de los personajes que la rodearon y la influencia que la era que le toco vivir tuvo en su obra. El primer capitulo finaliza con una vision global de su obra. En el segundo capitulo se plasman los antecedentes mas sobresalientes que permitiran llegar a una mejor comprension del Sueno. En el tercer capitulo se presenta un estudio del poema Sueno, donde se intercalan comentarios de diversos criticos. La intencion de este estudio es la de guiar al lector a una lectura interactiva del universo de Sueno, que brinda tantas probabilidades como lectores tenga el poema.

This dissertation examines why, how and with what impact people living in conflict areas organize collectively to assert human rights. The focus is the emergence in the 1980s of a human rights movement in the oil enclave of Barrancabermeja. The Barrancabermeja-based Regional Committee for the Defence of Human Rights (CREDHOS) was created in 1987 in the context of dirty war fought on multiple fronts between state security forces and their paramilitary allies, on the one hand, and Marxist insurgent groups, on the other. In exploring the history of a human rights movement in one of Colombia's most chronically war-affected regions, this dissertation expands our understanding of how frontline activists interpret human rights principles from the bottom-up. Human rights movements cannot be viewed as axiomatic or simple humanitarian responses to political violence. The term “human rights” refers to contingent norms and practices that are derived from lived experiences of authoritarianism, war, poverty and social exclusion. In this dissertation I argue that social activists in the war-torn Colombian oil town of Barrancabermeja undertook human rights activism both as a strategy of self-preservation and as a transformative praxis. In Barrancabermeja, the struggle for human rights did not displace or supplant longstanding local struggles for social justice and political change. Rather, human rights was considered to be a form of social protest consistent with previously existing traditions of popular radicalism for which Barrancabermeja has become celebrated. / Cette thèse de doctorat examine l'action collective en faveur des droits humains organisée par des personnes vivant en zone de conflit, analysant les raisons qui ont motivé cette démarche, la façon par laquelle elle fut mise en œuvre et ses impacts concrets. L'analyse cible particulièrement l'apparition d'un mouvement des droits humains dans l'enclave pétrolière de Barrancabermeja. Le Comité régional pour la défense des droits humains (CREDHOS) fut établi en 1987 alors que sévissait sur plusieurs fronts une guerre sale opposant l'État colombien et ses alliés paramilitaires aux insurgés marxistes. En ciblant la création d'un mouvement des droits humains dans une des régions de la Colombie les plus affligées par la guerre, cette thèse révèle comment les principes des droits humains peuvent être interprétés de façon singulière par les activistes en zone de combat. L'émergence de mouvements des droits humains ne peut être réduite à un réflexe humanitaire pour contrer la violence politique. Le concept même de droits humains fait référence à des pratiques et normes contingentes qui ont été modelées par l'expérience des régimes autoritaires, de la guerre, de la pauvreté et de l'exclusion sociale. Les gens qui militaient en faveur des droits humains dans l'enclave pétrolière de Barrancabermeja ont mis en œuvre leur activisme en poursuivant deux buts : d'une part, celui-ci constituait une stratégie d'autodéfense contre la violence politique; d'autre part, il représentait une pratique sociale réformatrice. Les luttes en faveur d'une plus grande justice sociale qui animaient déjà Barrancabermeja depuis des décennies n'ont pas été supplantées par ce nouvel activisme pour les droits humains. Au contraire, le militantisme entourant la promotion des droits humains était compatible avec cette tradition de radicalisme populaire qui avait fait la renommée de Barrancabermeja.

<p> This dissertation examines the literary representations and interpretations of La Matanza, a Salvadoran massacre that occurred in 1932. A peasant-led uprising resulted in the assassination of thousands of campesinos and indigenous people by General Maximiliano Hern&aacute;ndez Mart&iacute;nez's repressive military regime. As a result of government repression and censorship, the events surrounding La Matanza were intentionally omitted from Salvadoran history for many decades. Despite these censorship efforts, writers like Roque Dalton, Claribel Alegr&iacute;a, Salarru&eacute; and Manlio Argueta defied authoritarian government repression and incorporated the events of La Matanza into their writing. The literary texts that this dissertation analyzes are: Salarru&eacute;'s "Mi respuesta a los patriotas" (1932), "El espantajo," (1954), Dalton's Miguel M&aacute;rmol: Los sucesos de 1932 en El Salvador (1971), "Todos," "Viejuemierda," "Hechos, cosas y hombres de 1932," Alegr&iacute;a's Cenizas de Izalco (1966) and Argueta's Un d&iacute;a en la vida (1980) and Cuzcatl&aacute;n donde bate la mar del sur (1986). </p><p> These authors exemplify multiple and often conflicting perspectives concerning the massacre. Each of them offers a unique interpretation of this event, emphasizing issues such as class, identity, gender and race, among others. However, all of them share the attempt to use literature as a vehicle to lend a voice to populations that did not have a place in official historical accounts. This study draws upon subaltern, postcolonial, feminist and other theories, in order to highlight the particular position of each author. Moreover, in this dissertation I argue that, the colonial, racist and patriarchal discourse that was used to justify the massacre was also used to justify the atrocities of the civil war in the 1980s. In addition, this analysis emphasizes the links between the peasant resistance of the 1930s and that of the 1980s. Furthermore, this dissertation stresses the importance of remembering El Salvador's complex history of violence in order to better understand the post-war era.</p>

Amidst student protests that took over the public schools in Chile, student leaders developed an outline of demands for change related to overcoming the vast inequity of opportunity entrenched in the educational system. These were documented in 2011 in the Bases Para un Acuerdo Social por la Educación Chilena. This thesis examines the legacy of the voucher system implemented by the former dictator, and the policies which have led to potentially the most segregated education system in the world, and at least among developed countries. Using Henry Levins frameworks for vouchers and for the division of responsibilities in a portfolio school district, the work explores the hypothetical consequences of carrying the student demands related to changes in administration and the administration of finances to fruition. Looking at the goals of the student movement, and the Acuerdo Social, the author suggests focusing on policy tools which will more directly incentivize changes within the current system rather than attempting a full system change, which could introduce new opportunity for error without solving current problems. In the final chapter, the author provides four criteria for deciding on the appropriate avenues for change, and suggests teacher policy as an area that meets all four criteria.