Thesis (Ph.D.)--Baylor University, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 329-338).

<p>The Central American population consists of a majority of indigenous people and the parties to the Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA-DR) must strive to protect the culture, heritage and rights of the region&rsquo;s people. Trade agreements must recognize the rights of the indigenous peoples that are affected by environmental degradation resulting from trade activities, which can result in the forceful removal of their lands. The balance between the three pillars of sustainable development must be struck because international trade is necessary by fueling much of the economic growth in the developed world. Public engagement of the indigenous people through participation, information, consultation and consent are necessary to fulfill the goals of sustainable development and protect their right to property and traditional lands. We have to continue to incorporate the objectives of sustainable development in free trade agreements in order to preserve the global environment for future generations. </p>

<p> Poor and inadequate customer service is prevalent in the public sector of emerging economies. Also, limited leadership roles are ascribed to frontline employees in the sector. Improving customer service and empowering frontline employees could increase organizational effectiveness. The goal of this qualitative phenomenological study was to explore the problem of inadequate customer-service delivery skills and limited leadership roles for court personnel in the Lagos State Judiciary, Nigeria. The research was guided by two research questions: In what ways could the servicing experience of customers by court personnel/leaders in the Lagos State Judiciary be improved upon? and What are the lived experiences of leaders and customers in the Lagos State Judiciary System? The study participants&rsquo; were 25 court users of the Lagos State Judiciary. The data were subjected to analysis using the 4 step modified Van Kamm method by Moustakas to identify themes through exhaustive data coding and data distillation The 14 interview questions resulted in the emergence of 34 primary themes. Five overall themes emerged from thematic clusters and they were capacity building, attitude of court officials, policy changes, interaction with stakeholders and leadership training. The findings showed strong similarities between the participants&rsquo; lived experiences and experiences presented in relevant literature. The implication was that the management (leaders) of the Judiciary might benefit from this study by adopting the Folami Model for Improving Customer Servicing in the Lagos State Judiciary (FMICS &ndash; LSJ) to achieve customer service improvements. Researchers may wish in the future to explore the twin concepts of customer service and leadership styles in other contexts further to add further insight to existing literature.</p>

Universiẗat, Habil.-Schr., 2006--Erlangen-Nürnberg. / Includes bibliographical references (p. [1074]-1177) and index.

This dissertation proposes a normative theory of political representation grounded in popular sovereignty and positive law, rather than in democracy and efficient labour allocation. The first three chapters assess the contributions to the idea of representation of three early modern thinkers. Hobbes proposes a formal model of authorised action at a distance, but, contrary to a long-standing consensus in political thought, not an actual theory of representation. Rousseau, a well-known opponent of representation, proposes ideas about government, sovereignty, and positive law, which, despite his contrary intentions, form a foundation for a normative theory of representation. Sieyes refines concepts from both to create a more mature practical statement on representation which he attempts to implement in three revolutionary constitutions in France in the 1790's. The next three chapters make an argument connecting representation to law creation. First the concept of a decision is defined, and then abstracted through various levels of political authority and action. Law creation is distinguished from all other classes of authorised political decision making by four unique properties which tie in with problems initially raised by the early modern philosophers regarding popular sovereignty. Various numbers of authorised actors are considered as constituting political bodies credentialed to carry out the relevant decisions identified as meeting the minimal conditions of law, and ultimately only assembly — a body numbering in the hundreds, with a reserved place for making recognised decisions, and a formal connection to expressed popular preferences — meets the conceptual requirements of the class of decisions mooted. The thesis ends with an argument connecting law to representation as the solution to the problem of plurality.

Thèse--Universit́e de Paris. / Includes essays by Lerbert, Baulos Bournan, Marteau, d'Argenson, Talbert, Étasse, Laserre and three unknown authors, submitted in response to the question propounded by the academy: Quelle est la source de l'inégalité parmi les hommes et si elle est autorisée par la loi naturelle? "Index bibliographique": p. [211]-213.

This thesis examines the theory of diplomacy in the formative phase of the European states-system. From the viewpoint of the discourse on the 'ideal ambassador', it explores early modern diplomacy as cultural history encompassing ideas, discourses, perceptions and 'codes'. The scope of study is the century following the Peace of Westphalia (1648), and three states and regions (France, Britain, the Holy Roman Empire) serve as case studies for a comparative approach of diplomatic theory and practice. In five parts, the adaptation of the theory and practice of diplomacy to the new demands of international relations after 1648 are considered. The first section sets the stage by illustrating that the mid-seventeenth century was regarded as a turning point in the practice of diplomacy. Part II examines diplomatic theory as a particular 'language' in its intellectual and socio-professional contexts. While published treatises on the 'ideal ambassador' build the core of this study, related genres of international law theory, ceremonial theory and political and state science are also taken into account. From the viewpoint of this diplomatic theory, the following section examines the ways in which the instruments and practices of diplomacy were aligned to the new framework. These ranged from changes in the structural framework of diplomacy to the evolution of norms and procedures of negotiation, international law and ceremonial. Part IV reconsiders the issue of 'professionalism' in diplomatic theory with regard to the preparation and training of diplomats. Special attention is given to proposals for diplomatic 'academies', which are for the first time examined in comparison. Finally, section V recasts the findings of this thesis in a comparative perspective. It underlines that, with the emergence of a states-system, the techniques of diplomacy became formalised and uniform, constituting a common European diplomatic practice. Against the background of the different regional and structural conditions, the alleged model role of France in the evolution of diplomatic theory and practice is re-evaluated.

Since the late 1980s, efforts made by the international community to deal with the complex and global problem of money laundering have stimulated the creation and definition of the so-called 'international crime of money laundering', which is included in various United Nations and Council of Europe international treaties, as well as European Union Directives. The Central purpose of this thesis is to investigate if the main goal of effectiveness in the adaptation of the international crime of money laundering at the domestic level, might undermine other values that international law is seeking to protect, namely the guarantee of due process and the adequate protection of human rights principles. Then, if the adoption of any element of the crime shows to be inconsistent with civil rights and guarantees, to propose how deficiencies could be remedied.